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雅思閱讀模擬題：NextYearMarks

PartI

ReadingPassage1

Youshouldspendabout20minuteson

Questions1-14whicharebasedon

ReadingPassage1below.

NextYearMarkstheEUs50thAnniversaryoftheTreaty

A.

Afteraperiodofintroversionandstunnedself-disbelief,continental

Europeangovernmentswillrecovertheirenthusiasmforpan-European

institution-buildingin2023.WhethertheEuropeanpublicwillwelcomeareturn

towhatvotersintwocountrieshadrejectedsoshortatimebeforeisanother

matter.

B.

ThereareseveralreasonsforEurope’srecoveringself-confidence.For

yearsEuropeaneconomieshadbeenlaggingdismallybehindAmerica(tosay

nothingofAsia),butin2023thelargecontinentaleconomieshadoneoftheir

bestyearsforadecade,brieflyoutstrippingAmericaintermsofgrowth.Since

politicsoftenreactstoeconomicchangewithalag,2023’simprovementin

economicgrowthwillhaveitsimpactin2023,thoughtherecoverymaybeebbing

bythen.

C.

Thecomingyearalsomarksaparticularpointinapoliticalcycleso

regularthatitalmostseemstoamounttoanaturallaw.Everyfourorfive

years,Europeancountriestakealargestridetowardsfurtherintegrationby

signinganewtreaty:theMaastrichttreatyin1992,theTreatyofAmsterdamin

1997,theTreatyofNicein2023.Andin2023theyweresupposedtoratifya

Europeanconstitution,layingthegroundforyetmoreintegration—untilthecalm

rhythmwasrudelyshatteredbyFrenchandDutchvoters.Butthepolitical

impetustosignsomethingeveryfourorfiveyearshasonlybeeninterrupted,

notimmobilised,bythissetback.

D.

In2023theEuropeanUnionmarksthe50thanniversaryofanothertreaty—the

TreatyofRome,itsfoundingcharter.Governmentleadershavealreadyagreedto

celebrateitceremoniously,restatingtheircommitmentto“evercloserunion”

andthebasicidealsofEuropeanunity.Byitself,andinnormalcircumstances,

theEU’s50th-birthdaygreetingtoitselfwouldbefairlymeaningless,aroutine

expressionofEuropeangoodfellowship.ButitdoesnottakeaMachiavellito

spotthatoncegovernmentshavesignedthedeclaration(anditseemsunlikely

anyonewouldbesouncollegiateastovetoit)theywillalreadybehalfway

towardscommittingthemselvestoanewtreaty.Allthatwillbenecessarywill

betoincorporatethe50th-anniversarydeclarationintoanewtreatycontaining

anumberofinstitutionalandotherreformsextractedfromthefailedattemptat

constitution-buildingand—heypresto—anewquasi-constitutionwillbeready.

E.

AccordingtotheGermangovernment—whichholdstheEU’sagenda-setting

presidencyduringthefirsthalfof2023—therewillbeanewdraftofa

slimmed-downconstitutionreadybythemiddleoftheyear,perhapstoputto

voters,perhapsnot.Therewouldthenbeacoupleofyearsinwhichitwillbe

discussed,approvedbyparliamentsand,perhaps,puttovotersifthatisdeemed

unavoidable.Then,accordingtobureaucraticplannersinBrusselsandBerlin,

blithelyignoringthepossibilityofpublicrejection,thewholethingwillbe

signed,sealedandanewconstitutiondeliveredin2023-10.Europewillbe

nicelybackonschedule.Itsfour-to-five-yearcycleofintegrationwillhave

missedonlyonebeat.

F.

TheresurrectionoftheEuropeanconstitutionwillbemademorelikelyin

2023becauseofwhatishappeninginnationalcapitals.TheEuropeanUnionis

notreallyanautonomousorganisation.Ifitfunctions,itisbecausethe

leadersofthebigcontinentalcountrieswantitto,reckoningthatanactive

Europeanpolicywillhelpthemgetdonewhattheywanttodointheirown

countries.

G.

Thatdidnothappenin2023-06.Defensive,cynicalandself-destructive,

theleadersofthethreelargesteuro-zonecountries—France,Italyand

Germany—werestumblingtowardstheirunlamentedends.Theysawnoreasonto

pursueanysortofEuropeanpolicyandtheEU,asaresult,barelyfunctioned.

Butbythemiddleof2023allthreewillhavegone,andthisfactalonewill

transformtheEuropeanpoliticallandscape.

H.

Theupshotisthatthepoliticsofthethreelargecontinentalcountries,

bureaucraticmomentumandtheeconomicsofrecoverywillallbealignedtogive

apushtowardsintegrationin2023.Thatdoesnotmeanthemomentumwillbe

irresistibleorevenpopular.TheBritishgovernment,forone,willalmost

certainlynotwanttogowiththeflow,beginningyetanotherchapterinthe

longhistoryofconfrontationbetweenBritainandtherestofEurope.More

important,thevoterswillwantasay.Theyrejectedtheconstitutionin2023.

Itwouldbefoolishtoassumetheywillacceptitafter2023justasaresultof

anartfulbitoftinkering.

雅思閱讀模擬題：Sleepmedication

Sleepmedicationlinkedtobizarrebehaviour

12:4406February2023

NewSnewsservice

RoxanneKhamsi

Newevidencehaslinkedacommonlyprescribedsleepmedicationwithbizarre

behaviours,includingacaseinwhichawomanpaintedherfrontdoorinher

sleep.

UKandAustralianhealthagencieshavereleasedinformationabout240cases

ofoddoccurrences,includingsleepwalking,amnesiaandhallucinationsamong

peopletakingthedrugzolpidem.

Whiledoctorssaythatzolpidemcanoffermuch-neededreliefforpeople

withsleepdisorders,theycautionthatthesenewlyreportedcasesshouldprompt

acloserlookatitspossiblesideeffects.

Zolpidem,soldunderthebrandnamesAmbien,StilnoctandStilnox,is

widelyprescribedtotreatinsomniaandotherdisorderssuchassleepapnea.

Variousformsofthedrug,madebyFrenchpharmaceuticalgiantSanofi-Aventis,

wereprescribed674,500timesin2023intheUK.

AnewlypublishedreportfromAustralia’sFederalHealthDepartment

describes104casesofhallucinationsand62casesofamnesiaexperiencedby

peopletakingzolpidemsincemarketingofthedrugbegantherein2000.The

healthdepartmentreportalsomentioned16casesofstrangesleepwalkingby

peopletakingthemedication.

Midnightsnack

Inoneofthesesleepwalkingcasesapatientwokewithapaintbrushinher

handafterpaintingthefrontdoortoherhouse.Anothercaseinvolvedawoman

whogained23kilogramsoversevenmonthswhiletakingzolpidem.“Itwasonly

whenshewasdiscoveredinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorwhileasleepthatthe

problemwasresolved,”accordingtothereport.

TheUK’sMedicinesandHealthcareproductsRegulatoryAgency,meanwhile,

hasrecorded68casesofadversereactionstozolpidemfrom2023to2023.

ThenewlyreportedcasesintheUKandAustraliaaddtoagrowinglistof

bizarresleepwalkingepisodeslinkedtothedruginothercountries,including

reportsofpeoplesleep-drivingwhileonthemedication.Inonecase,a

transatlanticflighthadtobedivertedafterapassengercausedhavocafter

takingzolpidem.

Hypnoticeffects

Thereisnobiologicalpathwaythathasbeenproventoconnectzolpidem

withthesebehaviours.Thedrugisabenzodiazepine-likehypnoticthatpromotes

deepsleepbyinteractingwithbrainreceptorsforachemicalcalled

gamma-aminobutyricacid.Whilepartsofthebrainbecomelessactiveduringdeep

sleep,thebodycanstillmove,makingsleepwalkingapossibility.

Theproductinformationforprescribersadvisesthatpsychiatricadverse

effects,includinghallucinations,sleepwalkingandnightmares,aremorelikely

intheelderly,andtreatmentshouldbestoppediftheyoccur.

Patientadvocacygroupssaytheywouldlikegovernmenthealthagenciesand

drugcompaniestotakeacloserlookatthepossiblerisksassociatedwithsleep

medicines.Theystressthatstrangesleepwalkingandsleep-drivingbehaviours

canhaveriskyconsequences.

“Whenpeopledosomethinginwhichthey’renotinfullcontrolit’salways

adanger,”saysVeraSharavoftheNewYork-basedAllianceforHumanResearch

Protection,aUSnetworkthatadvocatesresponsibleandethicalmedicalresearch

practices.

Triedandtested

“Themorereportsthatcomeoutaboutthepotentialsideeffectsofthe

drug,themoreresearchneedstobedonetounderstandifthesearerealside

effects,”sayssleepresearcherKennethWrightattheUniversityofColoradoin

Boulder,US.

Millionsofpeoplehavetakenthedrugwithoutexperiencinganystrange

sideeffects,pointsoutRichardMillmanatBrownMedicalSchool,directorof

theSleepDisordersCenterofLifespanHospitalsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,

US.Hesaysthatunlikeoldertypesofsleepmedications,zolpidemdoesnot

carryasgreatariskofaddiction.

AndWrightnotesthatsomeofthereportsof“sleep-driving”linkedto

zolpidemcanbeeasilyexplained:somepatientshavewronglytakenthedrug

rightbeforeleavingworkinhopesthatthemedicinewillkickinbythetime

theyreachhome.Doctorsstressthatthemedicationshouldbetakenjustbefore

goingtobed.

TheUSFoodDrugAdministrationsaysitiscontinuingtoactively

investigateandcollectinformationaboutcaseslinkingzolpidemtounusual

sideeffects.

TheAmbienlabelcurrentlylistsstrangebehaviourasa“specialconcern”

forpeopletakingthedrug.“It’sapossiblerareadverseevent,”says

Sanofi-AventisspokespersonMelissaFeltmann,addingthatthestrange

sleepwalkingbehaviours“maynotnecessarilybecausedbythedrug”butinstead

resultfromanunderlyingdisorder.Shesaysthat“thesafetyprofile[of

zolpidem]iswellestablished”.ThedrugreceivedapprovalintheUSin

1993.

雅思閱讀模擬題：Foodagencytakesonindustry

Foodagencytakesonindustryoverjunklabels

FelicityLawrence

ThursdayDecember28,2023

TheGuardian

1.Consumersaretobepresentedwithtworivalnewyearadvertising

campaignsastheFoodStandardsAgencygoespublicinitsbattlewiththe

industryoverthelabellingofunhealthyfoods.

2.TheGuardianhaslearnedthattheFSAwilllaunchaseriesof10-second

televisionadvertsinJanuarytellingshoppershowtofollowared,amberand

greentrafficlightlabellingsystemonthefrontoffoodpacks,whichis

designedtotackleBritainsobesityepidemic.

3.Thecampaignisadirectresponsetoaconcertedattemptbyleadingfood

manufacturersandretailers,includingKelloggsandTesco,toderailthe

system.Theindustryfearsthattrafficlightswoulddemoniseentirecategories

offoodsandcouldseriouslydamagethemarketforthosethatarefatty,salty

orhighinsugar.

4.TheUKmarketforbreakfastcerealsisworth￡1.27bnayearandthe

manufacturersfearitwillbeseverelydentedifredlightlabelsareputon

packagingdrawingattentiontothefactthatthemajorityarehighinsalt

and/orsugar.

5.Theindustryisplanningamajormarketingcampaignforacompeting

labellingsystemwhichavoidscolour-codinginfavourofinformationaboutthe

percentageofguidelinedailyamounts(GDAs)offat,saltandsugarcontained

intheirproducts.

6.Thebattleforthenationsdietcomesasnewrulesontelevision

advertisingcomeintoforceinJanuarywhichwillbaradvertsforunhealthy

foodsfromcommercialbreaksduringprogrammesaimedatchildren.Sourcesatthe

TVregulatorsarebracedforalegalchallengefromtheindustryandhave

describedthelobbyingeffortstoblockanynewadbanorcolour-codedlabelling

asthemostferociousweveeverexperienced.

7.Ofcomschiefexecutive,EdRichards,said:Wearepreparedtofaceup

toanylegalactionfromtheindustry,butweverymuchhopeitwillnotbe

necessary.TheFSAsaiditwasexpectinganonslaughtfromtheindustryin

January.SeniorFSAofficialssaidthemanufacturerseffortstoundermineits

proposalsonlabellingcouldthreatentheagencyscredibility.

8.TerrenceCollis,FSAdirectorofcommunications,dismissedclaimsthat

theproposalswerenotbasedonscience.Wehavesomeofthemostrespected

scientistsinEurope,bothwithintheFSAandinourindependentadvisory

committees.ItisunjustifiedandnonsensicaltoattacktheFSAsscientific

reputationandtotrytoundermineitscredibility.

9.TheFSAisunderstoodtohavebriefeditsadagency,United,before

Christmas,