工程熱力學和傳熱學第一篇 工程熱力學EngineeringThermodynamics教師介紹主講教師：呂欣榮辦公地址：綜合樓503

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.cn岳丹婷主編海事大學出版社出版《Basic

Engineering

Thermodynamics》Rayner

Joelfourth

edition《Heat Transfer

》J.P.Holman機械工業出版社教材：《工程熱力學和傳熱學》機械工業出版社熱工基礎課程的考核方法與學習要求考核方法：百分制平時成績占20％；期末考試占80％。學習要求：按時、獨立、認真完成作業，一次不交扣5分，兩次不交扣10分，3次不交扣20分。認真聽課，遵守課堂紀律。抽查點名，3次無故曠課者取消期末考試資格。Chapter

1

Introduction1-1 Thermal

Energy

and

Its

Application1-2 Historical

Backround

of

Thermaldynamic1-3 Content

of

Thermaldynamics1-4 Energy

Conversion

in

Engines1-1 Thermal

Energy

and

ItsApplicationThermodynamics

is

the

study

of

energyChemical

energy, wind

power,

hydropower,

solarpower, nuclear

power

,

geothermal

powerconvertthethermalenergyinto

themechanical

energyuse

the

thermal

energy

directlyCarnot(1796

-

1832)1-2 Historical

Backround

of

thermaldynamicCarnot

Principles

(1824)1.The

efficiency

of

an

irreversibleheat

engine

is

always

less

thanthe

efficiency

of

a

reversible

oneoperating

between

the

same

tworeservoirs.2.The

efficiencies

of

all

reversibleheat

engines

operating

betweenthe

same

two

reservoirs

are

thesame.The

first

law

of

thermaldynamics(1842

)(conservation

of

energy

principle)energy

can’t

be

created

ordestroyed

during

a

process,

itcan

only

change

from

one

formto

another,

and

the

total

amountof

energy

remains

constantThe

theoretical

basis

for

1st

law

ofthermaldynamicsMayer(1814

-

1878)

Joule

(ca

1850)

–

the

firstthermodynamic

experimentalistmeasured:- With

energy,

heat

and

work

inthesame

units

the1st

lawwasestablished

based

onthisexperimentJoule(1818

-

1889)Clausius

Statement

(1850)It

is

impossible

to

construct

adevice

that

operates

in

a

cycleand

produces

no

effect

otherthan

the

transfer

of

heat

froma

lower-temperature

body

to

ahigher-temperature

body.the

concept

of

“Entropy”Clausius(1822

-1888)Kelvin-Planck

Statement(1851)It

is

impossible

for

anydevice

that

operates

on

acycle

to

receive

heat

from

areservoir

anda

net

amount

ofsingleproducework.the

expression

of

1st

lawof

thermaldynamicsLordKelvin

(1824-l907)熱力學方面獲諾貝爾獎的科學家（1）

J.D.范.德瓦爾斯

Johannes

van

derWaals(1837-1923)荷蘭氣體和液體狀態方程

1910年諾貝爾物理學獎熱力學方面獲諾貝爾獎的科學家（2）M.普朗克Max

Planck(1858-1947)德國

發現能量子（量子理論）熱二律

1918年諾貝爾物理學獎熱力學方面獲諾貝爾獎的科學家（3）W.H.能斯脫Walther

HermannNernst(1864-1941)德國熱化學，熵基準

1920年諾貝爾化學獎熱力學方面獲諾貝爾獎的科學家（4）L.昂薩格LarsOnsager(1903-1976)美國

不可逆過程熱力學理論

1968年諾貝爾化學獎熱力學方面獲諾貝爾獎的科學家（5）I.普里戈金

Ilya

Prigogine(1917-)比利時熱力學的耗散結構理論1977年諾貝爾化學獎熱力學方面獲諾貝爾獎的科學家（6）K.G.威爾遜

Kenneth

G.

Wilson(1936-)美國臨界重整化群理論1982年諾貝爾物理獎二、熱力學的發展現狀與趨勢熱力學理論熱力循環火用分析熱經濟學節能技術低溫工程邊緣學科1-3 Content

of

ThermaldynamicsThermodynamics

is

derived

from

Greek

words:

Therme(Heat)

and

Dynamics

(power)Concisely,

thermodynamics

is

the

science

that

dealswith

conversion

of

energy

from

one

form

to

anotherThermal

energy：

microscopic

energy

related

to

the

molecularmotion,

disorganized

form

of

energy.Mechanical

energy：macroscopic

kinetic

energy

and

potential

energyOrganized

form

of

energy.laws、efficiencyThermal

Energy Mechanical

Energy1）basic

concepts

and

principles；2）properties

and

processes

of

substance3）engineering

applications；methods：1）Macroscopic

approach

to

thermodynamicsclassical

thermodynamics2）Microscopic

approach

to

thermodynamicsstatistical

thermodynamics1-4 Energy

Conversion

in

Devices1-4-1

Energy

conversion

in

power

cyclesVal compression

ignitionPower

cyclesVapor

power

cyclesGas

power

cyclesinletoutlet1.Gas

power

cycle2.Vapor

power

cycle熱機High

temperaturereservoirheat

absorpt

Q1HeatengineWnetheat

rejected

Q2Low

temperaturereservoi