Unit5TheGreatSportsPersonality

GrammarUnit51狀語從句

狀語從句

2Whatare“AdverbialClauses”?在主從復合句中修飾主語中的動詞、形容詞、副詞等的從句叫做“狀語從句”。分類如下：Whatare“AdverbialClauses”?3狀語從句1.時間狀語從句2.地點狀語從句3.原因狀語從句4.條件狀語從句5.讓步狀語從句6.目的狀語從句7.結果狀語從句8.方式狀語從句9.比較狀語從句狀語從句1.時間狀語從句2.地點狀語從句3.原因狀語從4常用連詞如下：

as,when,while,till/until,not…till/until,before,since,after等。1.時間狀語從句常用連詞如下：1.時間狀語從句5e.g.Iwon’tknowwhereheisuntilIgetaletterfromhim.Till只能用于肯定句中，until既可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句。e.g.Iwon’tknowwhereheis6It’s/willbe+一段時間before+一般現在時

表示過了多久才It’s/will（not)be+一段時間before+一般現在時

表示沒過多久就it’sbeen+一段時間since+一般過去時It’s/willbe+一段時間before+一般現在7Itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetagain.Ithasbeen20yearssincewefirstsaweachother.Itwillbealongtimebefore82)

一些表示時間的名詞詞組也可引導時間狀語從句。如：themoment,theminute,（一…就）nexttime（下次）,every/eachtime（每次）。e.g.Themomenthecomes,Iwilltellhim.2)一些表示時間的名詞詞組也可引導時間狀語從句。如：93).介詞也可以引導狀語從句。如since,before,after。Iwouldliketoinviteyoutodoseveralexercisebeforecomingtoourkeypoints.3).介詞也可以引導狀語從句。如since,before,104)

assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly等副詞也可引導狀語從句。表示“一……就……”。AssoonasIreachhome,Iwilltellhimthenews.4)assoonas,immediately,115)a.hardly…when

b.scarcely…when/before

c.nosooner…than都相當于assoonas，用以引導時間狀語從句。注意：當hardly,scarcely及nosooner位于句首時,從句中的主謂要倒裝。e.g.Nosoonerhadshegonethanithappened5)a.hardly…when

b.s12.1.IwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoice______Ipickedupthephone.whileB.afterC.IncaseD.theminute2.Howlongdoyouthinkitwilltake_______ourproductbecomespopularwiththeconsumers?whenB.untilC.beforeD.since.1.Iwassofamiliarwithhim133.______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.WithB.sinceC.AsD.While4.Hewashalfwaythroughhismeal____afamiliarvoicecametohisears.whyB.whereC.whenD.while5.Hardly______intothevillage______itbegantorain.wehadgot;whenB.wegot;thanC.hadwegot;whenD.didweget;than3.______thedaywenton,the142.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句用連接副詞where或wherever(在任何地方)

引導。e.g.a.Juststaywhereyouare.

b.Whereveryougo,I’llberightherewaitingforyou.2.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句用連接副詞where或whe15Whenhereadsabook,hishabitistomakeamark_______themeaningisuncleartohim.A.thereB.whereverC.theplaceD.inwhich2.Ifyouaretravelling______thecustomsaretotallydifferentfromyourown,youmayfeelaculturalshock.A.intheplaceB.whichC.inwhichD.whereWhenhereadsabook,hishabi163.原因狀語從句原因狀語從句表示主句中的某一動作或狀態所發生的原因。引導這種從句常用的連接詞是：because,since,as,for,nowthat及considering等。e.g.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.c.f.Hemightbeill,forhedidn’tcometoschool.表示“直接”原因。表示“間接的推斷”原因.不可出現在句首。3.原因狀語從句原因狀語從句表示主句中的某一動作或狀態所發17JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,______thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.A.asB.ifC.whenD.where2.Somepeoplebelievethat______oilisrunningout,thefateofthemotorindustryisuncertain.A./B.thoughC.forD.sinceJennywasverysadoverthelo184.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句表示主句中的某一動作或狀態是在什么情況或條件下發生的。條件狀語從句中通常用一般現在時表示將來。條件狀語從句由從屬連詞引導：if,unless(除非),as/solongas(只要),oncondition(只要),incase(假使),providing/provided(that),supposing（that）（假若，倘使），onconditionthat(條件是）等。4.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句表示主句中的某19e.g.a.We’llcomeovertoseeyouonSaturdayifwehavetime.b.Weshouldservethepeopleas/solongaswelive.e.g.a.We’llcomeovertos201.Wewillbeabletogetthereontime,_____ourcardoesn’tbreakdownontheroad.assoonasB.asfarasC.aslongasD.aswellas2.Intimeofseriousaccidents,_____weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid,wecansavelives.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless1.Wewillbeabletogetther213.______youhavetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When4.Theofficialsoonrealizedthat,______,thingswouldgetworse.unlessdealtwithproperlyifnotproperlydealingwithitunlessproperlydealtwithifdealtnotproperlywith3.______youhavetriedit,y225.讓步狀語從句在復合句中表示讓步概念的狀語從句被稱為讓步狀語從句。通常由下列詞語引導：though,although,evenif,eventhough,while,nomatterwho/…,however，as等。讓步狀語從句可以位于主句前、后，有時插在主句中間。5.讓步狀語從句在復合句中表示讓步概念的狀語從句被稱為讓步231.Though/althoughThough/Althoughhewasold,heworkedhard.=Hewasoldbutheworkedhard.注意一個典型的中國錯誤：though/although切不可與but連用。1.Though/although注意一個典型的中國錯誤：242.as謂語動詞的倒裝：

Tryashewould,hecouldnotrememberawordofit.(=Nomatterhowhewouldtry…)

Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.

Hatehimaswemay,wemustadmithisgreatness.Tryasyoumay,youwillneversucceed2.as謂語動詞的倒裝：25狀語的倒裝：（這時不可在狀語之前加very,much等修飾語）

MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.狀語的倒裝：（這時不可在狀語之前加very,much等修飾26表語的倒裝：（這時不可在狀語之前加very,much等修飾語）

Childasheis,heknowalot.表語的倒裝：（這時不可在狀語之前加very,much等修飾273.whilewhile引導的讓步狀語從句：

while(=although),它引導的讓步狀語從句只能前置，位于句首，如：

Whileyoumayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved3.whilewhile引導的讓步狀語從句：284.whether…or…whether…or…引導的讓步狀語從句：

△這種從句也稱“選擇條件-讓步狀語從句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如：

Whetherhedrivesor(whetherhe)flies,hewillbehereontime.

Whetheryoulikeitornot,you’llhavetodoit.

Whetherornotitrains,I’mgivingapartytomorrow.

Whetheritrainsorsnows,Iwillgotonight.Shehadtogo,whetherornotshewantedit.4.whether…or…whether…or…引導的讓步295.whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever由連接代詞whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引導的讓步狀語從句：

Whoever(=nomatterwho)isunwillingtogo,Iwillgo.(whoever既相當于連接詞短語nomatter連接主句與從句，又相當于疑問代詞who)Whomever(=nomatterwhom)youaredealingwith,thismethodisnogood.Whatever(=nomatterwhat)happens,keepcalm.Whichever(=nomatterwhich)youchoose,wehavenoobjection.5.whoever,whomever,whatever30whatever或whichever由連接形容詞whatever或whichever引導的讓步狀語從句，如：

Whatever(=nomatterwhat)difficultiesmayarise,wemustandcanovercomethemonebyone.(whatever既相當于nomatter連接主句與從句，又相當于疑問形容詞what修飾名詞difficulties。)Whichever(=nomatterwhich)roomisassignedtohim,hewillhavenoobjection.Whichevermethodyouuse,theresultismuchthesame.whatever或whichever由連接形容詞whate31however,wherever或whenever由連接副詞however,wherever或whenever引導的讓步狀語從句。例如：

However(=nomatterhow)difficultthetaskmaybe,wewillfulfilitontime.(however既相當于nomatter連接主句與從句，又相當于疑問副詞how修飾difficult。)Wherever(=nomatterwhere)theywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.WheneverI’munhappy,hecheersmeup.ThedogfollowsmewhereverIgo.however,wherever或whenever由連接326.eventhough和though

eventhough(=evenif)引導的從句指把握不大或假設的事情，意為“即使”、“縱然”；Mostofusignorethefoodadvice,evenif/eventhoughweknowittobetrue.6.eventhough和though33______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.WhileB.sinceC.BeforeD.Unless2.Theworkersaredeterminedtogothroughwiththeirrailwayproject,____theexpenseshaverisen.aslongasB.eventhoughC.nowthatD.asthough______Iacceptthatheisnot343.______,heknowsmorethanotherchildrenofhisage.A.HoweveryoungchildheisB.ChildasheisC.NomatterhowyoungchildisD.Whatayoungchildheis4.Ireallywantthematch,howevermuch______.A.doesitcostB.costsitC.willitcostD.itcosts3.______,heknowsmorethan355.______wehavefinishedthecourse,weshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork.FornowB.NowthatC.BynowD.until6.______,theideaoffhavingtoworkunderawomandefeatedhim.WantingthejobverymuchAlthoughwantingthejobbadlyThoughhewantedthejobverymuchHewantedthejobbadly5.______wehavefinishedthe366.目的狀語從句引導目的狀語從句的連詞:inorderthat…用于正式文體中，所引從句可于主句前或后。sothata.

較常用，一般用于主句后,有時可分開，so有時可省;從句中要有情態動詞，否則,就成為下一種句型：b.

無情態動詞則引導結果狀語從句。forfearthat;incase;lest(以免)等。6.目的狀語從句引導目的狀語從句的連詞:inorder37e.g.a.We’llsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter.b.IshallwriteitdownlestIshouldforget.注意：當從句與主句的主語一致時，可用soastodo…或inordertodo…e.g.Heranfastsothat

he

mightarrivetherebeforeteno’clock.→

Heranfastsoastoarrivetherebeforeteno’clock.e.g.a.We’llsitnearerthef387.結果狀語從句結果狀語從句常位于主句之后，由so,so…that,such…that;sothat等引導。e.g.a.

SoquicklydidherunthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.

b.Thebusbrokedownsothatwehadtowalkhome.

★c.Hegottothestationfinally,only

to

findthetrainhadleft.7.結果狀語從句結果狀語從句常位于主句之后，由so,so398.方式狀語從句描述主句動作進行方式的狀語被稱為方式狀語。通常用下列詞語引導：as,justas,asif,asthough,accordingto等。e.g.a.WemustdoasthePartytellsus.

b.Leavethethingsastheyare.

c.Mostplantsneedsunlightjustastheyneedwater.

d.Itsoundsasifitisraining.8.方式狀語從句描述主句動作進行方式的狀語被稱為方式狀語。409.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常由下列詞語引導：

as…as,notso/as…as,more…than,less…than,themore+adj./adv.,themore+adj./adv.e.g.a.Heisnotso/ashealthyashisbrother.b.Theyjumpedupanddownashardastheycould.c.JohnislesscleverthanPeter.9.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常由下列詞語引導：as41Rosesneedspecialcare______theycanlivethroughwinter.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as2.Ifthingsareleft______theyare,theproblemswillneverbesettled,I’mafraid.howB.asC.whatD.whereRosesneedspecialcare______423.Carefulsurveyshavepointedoutthatasmanyas50percentofthepatientsdonottakedrugs_____directed.likeB.soC.whichD.as4.Idarenotgothere______myparentswillseeme.incaseofB.forfearofC.inorderthatD.forfearthat3.Carefulsurveyshavepointe43讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為“盡管……”或“即使……”，就是我們日常生活中用的“退一步說……”的感覺。

使用的連詞

引導讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些：though,although,while,as;evenif,eventhough;whether...or...;nomatter+疑問詞，疑問詞-ever，regardlessof+名詞/名詞短語/名詞從句，despite，inspiteof。切記although不可與but連用讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種，其441.though,although表示“雖然，縱然”之意。這兩個連詞意思大致相同，在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中，though較常使用，although比though正式，二者都可與yet,still或nevertheless連用，但不能與but連用。例如：Though/Thoughhewaswornout,(still)hekeptonworking.

雖然他已經精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續工作。Although/Thoughheisveryold,(yet)heisquitestrong.

他雖然年紀大了，身體還很健壯。用法：1.though,although表示“雖然，縱然”之意45

值得注意的是，although引導的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多，though引導的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：Shepassedtheexaminationthoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard.她雖然不用功學習，考試卻及格了。2.as,though表示“雖然…但是”，“縱使…”。

as引導的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現,被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形，though間或也用于這樣的結構中，但although不可以這樣用。

值得注意的是，although引導的讓步狀語從句位于Sh46Objectasyoumay,I’llgo(=Though/Althoughyoumayobject,I’llgo.)縱使你反對，我也要去。Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.(=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.)盡管他學習很努力，但幾乎沒取得什么進步。

Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.（=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.）

Objectasyoumay,I’llgo(=47雖然他是一個孩子，但他知道該做什么。Fastasyouread,youcan"tfinishthebooksosoon.縱然你讀得快，你也不能這么快讀完這本書。3.evenif,eventhough表示“即使…”，“縱使……”

這兩個復合連詞的意思基本相同。它們常可互換使用，但意義有細微差別。evenif引導的讓步從句含有強烈的假定性，而eventhough引導讓步狀語從句時，是以從句的內容為先決條件的，也就是說，說話人肯定了從句的事實。

雖然他是一個孩子，但他知道該做什么。Fastasyo48We’llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.

即使天氣不好，我們也要作一次旅行。Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)即使他很窮，但她還是愛他。Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)盡管他很窮，但她還是愛她。We’llmakeatripevenif/tho494.whether...or...表示“不論是否……”，

“不管是……還是……”之意。

由這一個復合連詞引導的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩個方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結果。

You’llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou’refreeorbusy.不管你忙不忙，都要參加這個典禮。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.無論你是否相信，這都是真的。

4.whether...or...表示“不論是否……”，由505.“nomatter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”的含義為“……都……；不管……都……”，它們引導的讓步狀語從句可以互換。

Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.(=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.)無論發生了什么，他都不會介意的

Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.(=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.不管你是誰，你都要遵紀守法。

5.“nomatter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”的51

但“nomatter+疑問詞”結構只能引導讓步狀語從句而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導名詞性從句。

Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.(Whatever引導讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么，我都不會相信你。

I’lleatwhatever(≠nomatterwhat)yougiveme.(whatever引導賓語從句)你給我吃什么，我就吃什么。Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(Whoever引導主語從句)不管誰來都受到歡迎。但“nomatter+疑問詞”結構只能引導讓步狀語W52此外，有時while也可以引導讓步狀語從句，但一般要位于句首。例如：

WhileIlikethecolor,Idon"tliketheshape.我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀。此外，有時while也可以引導讓步狀語從句，但53Readthesentencesandsaywhichunderlinedclauseis(a)time,(b)condition,or(c)concession.1.Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityanywhere,thechancesareyouwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliarlogo.2.WheneverChineseathletesstepoutontothetrackduringthe2008Olympics,theywillbewearingLiNingtracksuits.3.Butevenifhehadwoneverythingitwaspossibletowininhissport,LiNingretiredwiththefeelingthathehadfailed.Keys:1b2a3cReadthesentencesandsaywhi54

assoonasbeforeeversinceuntilwheneverwhile1.Iwanttostay______thematchhasfinished.2.__________hewasaboy,Pelehadadream.3.YaoMingscored_______thefirstminutehadpassed.4.Thephonerang______Iwasgettingchanged.5.Itwasclearwhothewinnerwouldbe__________theracestarted.6.__________Ise