選擇性必修第四冊Unit2IconicAttractions高考題型組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AIn1969，watchingthelandingofApollo11ontheMoononTVfromhisparents’farminCanada，ChrisHadfieldwasamazedandthatday，atonlynineyearsold，Chrismadethemostimportantdecisionofhislife：Hewasgoingtobeanastronaut.Therewasn’tevenatrainingprograminCanadatobecomeanastronaut；butChriswasspentagreatdealoftimestudyingandfixingschoolhejoinedtheCanadianarmywherehelearnedtoflymanydifferenttypesofdidalotofresearchfortheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)intheUnitedStatesandhadspecial，in1995，herodehisfirstrocketintospace.ChrisbecamethefirstCanadianastronauttowalkinspace，andwentonanumberofspacemissionsthroughouthismostmemorablewashisfive-monthstayontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)ascommander，betweenDecember2012andMaypostedonsocialmediathousandsofphotosofEarthandvideosofhimselfexplaininghowthingsworkinzerofollowerscouldwatchhimsleeping，brushinghisteeth，washinghishands，orpreparing“space”snacksinzerogravity，whichturnedhimintoasocialmediaphenomenon.Today，Christravelstheworldgivingtalksabouthisoncesaid，“Decideinyourheartofheartswhatreallyexcitesandchallengesyou，andstartmovingyourlifeinthatdecisionyoumake，fromwhatyoueattowhatyoudowithyourtimetonight，turnsyouintowhoyouareatwhoyouwanttobe，andstartsculptingyourselfintothatmaynotgetexactlywhereyouthoughtyou’dbe，butyouwillbedoingthingsthatsuityouinaprofessionyoubelieve’tletliferandomlykickyouintotheadultyoudon’twanttobecome.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了加拿大航天員ChrisHadfield小時候看到阿波羅11號登陸月球后，勵志成為一名宇航員的故事。1．WhatledChristomakeuphismindtobeanastronaut?A．Thelifeonhisparents’farm.B．Hisabilitytoflyvariousplanes.C．Apollo11’slandingontheMoon.D．Hispassionforstudyingengines.答案C解析細節理解題。根據第一段的內容可知，阿波羅11號登陸月球使Chris下定決心成為一名宇航員。故選C。2．WhichofthefollowingwasbestworthrememberingaboutChris’career?A．ServingintheCanadianarmy.B．WorkingascommanderontheISS.C．ReceivingalotoftrainingfromtheNASA.D．BeingthefirstCanadianastronauttowalkinspace.答案B解析細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Themostmemorablewashisfive-monthstayontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)ascommander”可知，Chris的職業生涯中最值得記憶的是他在國際空間站擔任指揮官的經歷。故選B。3．WhatmadeChrispopularinthemedia?A．Thespacetasksheconductedinhislife.B．Thepicturesandvideoshepostedonline.C．Hisstrongdeterminationtopursuehisdream.D．HisgreatcontributionstoCanada’sspaceindustry.答案B解析細節理解題。根據第三段中的“HepostedonsocialmediathousandsofphotosofEarthandvideosofhimselfexplaininghowthingsworkinzerogravity...whichturnedhimintoasocialmediaphenomenon.”可知，Chris上傳到網上的照片和視頻使Chris在媒體中很受歡迎。故選B。4．WhatcanwelearnfromChris’wordsinthelastparagraph?A．Courageiswhatittakestoovercomedifficulties.B．Opportunitiesgohandinhandwithchallenges.C．Fromsmallbeginningscomegreatendings.D．Thesecretofsuccessliesinthefirmaim.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Decideinyourheartofheartswhatreallyexcitesandchallengesyou，andstartmovingyourlifeinthatdirection.”及“Don’tletliferandomlykickyouintotheadultyoudon’twanttobecome.”可知，從Chris的話中，我們可以知道，要想成功，一定要堅定自己的目標。故選D。BPlasticssustainabilityhascomealongwayinrecentyearsinlargepartthankstoscientificevenasplasticsbecomemoreandmoreenvironmentallyfriendly，theworldcontinuestobepollutedasmanyindustriesrelyonthemfortheirwidely-usedproducts.ThelatestresearchfromDrJunpengWang，assistantprofessorinUA’sSchoolofPolymerScienceandPolymerEngineering，hasamethodtoreducesuchwasteandclearascientificpathwaytoamoresustainablefuturethatcanappealtotherubber，tyre，automobileandelectronicsindustries.Theproblemathand：Syntheticpolymers，includingrubberandplastics，areusedinnearlyeveryaspectofdailyadvantageofsyntheticpolymerslieslargelyintheirexcellentstabilityandvariousmechanical，duetotheirhighdurability，wastematerialsmadeofthesepolymershaveaccumulatedinthelandandoceans，causingseriousconcernsfortheecosystem.Apromisingmethodtotacklethechallengesinplasticssustainabilityistoreplacecurrentpolymerswithrecyclableonesinordertoachieveacircularuseofmaterials.Thekeyinthedesignofchemicallyrecyclablepolymersistoidentifytherightcarefulcomputationalcalculation，theresearchersidentifiedatargetingthenpreparedthemonomerandpolymersthroughchemicalsynthesis，usingabundantlyavailablestartingmaterials.Wang’sresearchgroup，includingpolymersciencegraduatestudentsandapostdoctoralscientist，aimstodeveloppolymersthatcanbebrokendownintotheirtheelementforbreakingthemdownisabsentorremoved，thepolymerswillbehighlystableandtheirthermalandmechanicalqualitiescanbetunedtomeettheneedsofvariousapplications.“Thechemicallyrecyclablepolymerswedevelopedshowexcellentthermalstabilityandmechanicalqualitiesandcanbeusedtopreparebothrubberandplastics，”saysWang.“Weexpectthismaterialtobeanattractivecandidatetoreplacecurrentpolymers.”eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了解決塑料可持續性問題的新方法。)5．WhatdoweknowaboutDrJunpengWang’sresearch?A．Ithelpsimprovethelevelofplasticsstability.B．Itshowsplasticsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.C．Itoffersmorewidely-usedproductstomanyindustries.D．Ittriestodevelopawaytorecycleplasticsscientifically.答案D解析細節理解題。根據第二段中的“ThelatestresearchfromDrJunpengWang...hasamethodtoreducesuchwasteandclearascientificpathwaytoamoresustainablefuture...”可知，該項研究試圖開發一種科學回收塑料的方法。故選D。6．What’stheauthor’sattitudetothecurrentsyntheticpolymers?A．Objective. B．Favorable.C．Unconcerned. D．Doubtful.答案A解析觀點態度題。根據第三段中的“Theadvantageofsyntheticpolymerslieslargelyintheirexcellentstabilityandvariousmechanical，duetotheirhighdurability，wastematerialsmadeofthesepolymershaveaccumulatedinthelandandoceans，causingseriousconcernsfortheecosystem.”可推知，該段既提到了聚合物的優勢又提到了缺點，故推測作者對現有的聚合物持客觀的態度。故選A。7．Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A．Astudyconductedtomakeplasticslastalongerperiodoftime.B．Aqualityforplasticstosatisfytheneedsofvariousindustries.C．Anewmethoddevelopedtosolvetheplasticssustainabilityproblem.D．Aresearchgroupdevotedtoplasticssustainabilityfortheecosystem.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其第二段內容可知，本文主要介紹了一種解決塑料可持續性問題的新方法。故選C。8.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythetextappear?A．Relationship. B．Fashion.C．Culture. D．Science.答案D解析文章出處題。本文主要介紹了一種解決塑料可持續性問題的新方法。文章可能會出現在報紙的“科學”版面上。故選D。CIfyouwereasuperhero，whatwouldyoursuperpowerbe？Wouldyouwanttoflyorbeinvisible？Or，perhaps，you’dratherhavethepowertoreadminds？Wouldn’tthatbecool?Readingmindsisnotasfar-fetchedasyoumightfact，researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhavedevelopedawearabledevicethatcanactuallyexpressaperson’sthoughtsandallowthemtotalktoacomputer—withoutanyoneelsehearing.Thedevice，calledAlterEgo，allowsapersontocontrolacomputerandaskitquestionswithouteversayingonetheindividualwearingthedevicethinksofawordoraphrasebutdoesnotspeakit，AlterEgopicksuptheneuromuscular(神經肌肉)signalsinthatperson’sjawandsendsthosesignalstoacomputer，whichisprogrammedtoassociatethemwithspecificwords.Thedeviceisfairlya10-persontrial，AlterEgohada92%transcription(轉錄)saythatnumberwillincreaseovertime.“Ourideawas：Couldwehaveacomputingplatformthat’smoreinternal，thatcombineshumanandmachineinsomewaysandthatfeelslikeaninternalextensionofourownthoughts？”ArnavKapur，agraduatestudentattheMITMediaLabsaid.Sowhateffectcouldthishaveoncommunication？AlterEgocanchangethewayhumansinteractwithcomputers，allowingustosilentlyconnectwithAIassistantssuchasAmazon’sAlexa，Google’sAssistantorApple’sSiriwithoutanyoneapersonishavingaconversationandwantstolookupabitofinformation，theydon’thavetotakeouttheirdigitaldevice；insteadtheycanjustthinkofthewillanswerwithoutinterruptingthedevicecanalsohelppeoplecommunicateinnoisysituations，suchasonafactoryfloorintheairport.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了麻省理工學院的研究人員開發出了一種能夠真實表達人的想法的可穿戴設備AlterEgo，同時介紹了其工作原理和對人類交流的影響。9．Whyarethequestionsraisedinparagraph1?A．Toaskreadersfortheiropinions.B．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.C．Toinspirereaders’imagination.D．Toshowtheauthor’scuriosity.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據第一段內容和第二段第一句可知，第一段通過提問的方式導入文章關于“讀心設備”的主題，引出下文。故選B。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph3referto?A．Thequestions. B．Thecomputers.C．Thesignals. D．Thewords.答案C解析代詞指代題。根據第三段中“Whentheindividualwearingthedevicethinksof...whichisprogrammedtoassociatethemwithspecificwords.”可知，AlterEgo通過拾取神經肌肉信號并將其發送到計算機，計算機通過編程將這些信號與特定的單詞相關聯，所以畫線詞them指代的是上文的“信號(Thesignals)”。故選C。11．WhatinfluencewillAlterEgohaveonpeople’scommunication?A．PeoplecanapplyAIassistantsskilfully.B．Peoplewillmakegoodmind-readers.C．Peoplenolongerneedmobilephones.D．Peoplecancommunicatemoresmoothly.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段內容可知，AlterEgo可以使人們不需要說話就可以彼此交流，還能幫助人們在嘈雜的環境中進行交流，可得出AlterEgo會對人們的交流產生的影響是使人們可以更順暢地交流。故選D。12．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AlterEgoFreesPeopleofThinkingB．WearableDeviceControlsComputerC．SilentReaderofYourMindComesTrueD．CommunicationIsEasywithAIAssistants答案C解析標題歸納題。通讀文章可知，文章主要介紹了讀心設備AlterEgo使人們不需要說話就可以彼此交流，真實地表達一個人的想法，C項“無聲的讀心術成真了”符合文意。故選C。Ⅱ.七選五(2023·江蘇蘇州八校聯考)Whileanewenvironmentisexciting，theadjustmentprocesscanbeifeverythingisgoingwellatthebeginningofyournewjoborschool，somethingunexpectedcanhappen.1Thefollowingtipswillhelpyouadapttoanewenvironmentmorequicklyandsmoothly.Askisunderstandablethatwhenyoustart，youdon’twanttoshowyouneedadditionalexplanation，butyouhavetorememberyouarenew!Youarelearninganentirelydifferentprocess，sotherewillbethingsyouneedtoasktounderstand.2Infact，ithastheexactoppositewillnotonlyimpressotherswithyouroriginalideasbutalsoopenupopportunitiestobuildrelationshipsacrossyournewteam.Seekoutamentor(指導者)．Havingamentor，particularlyatthebeginning，canmakeyouradaptationmuchmorepersoncanbeyourboss，yourprofessor，orjustafriendlyclassmateorco-worker.3Andmoreimportantly，theycanhelpyoulearnsomeessentialthingsyouwon’tfindinthehandbook.Gettoknowyourmentor，makeitaprioritytofindmorenewdoesmakeaconsiderableway，youwillfeelmoreconnectedandapartofthings，insteadofbeingandoesn’tmeanyouhavetogotoeverycornerandintroduceyourself.