ArteriesArteriesOverviewTheheartpumpsoxygenatedbloodaroundthebodyviaanetworkofarteries.Thebloodisunderhighpressuresothearterialwallsandstrongandmusculartocopewiththesurgeofblood.

Deoxygenatedbloodisreturnedtotheheartviaanetworkofveins.

Venousbloodisunderlowpressuresovenouswallsarethinandflaccid.Thecirculationofbloodcanbedescribedinthreeparts;Thepulmonarycirculationcarriesde-oxygenatedbloodfromthehearttothelungsandreturnitasoxygenatedbloodtotheleftatrium,TheportalcirculationreturnsvenousbloodtotheheartviatheliverandThesystemiccirculation

carriesoxygenatedbloodfromtheheartaroundtheentirebodyandreturnsitasde-oxygenatedblood. CirculatoryPathwaysTherearethreepathwaysthatbloodcanflowaroundthebody.Themostcommonrouteisthesystemiccirculationwherebloodflowsfromtheheart,viaarteries,throughacapillarybedandbacktotheheartviaveins.

ExceptionstothisroutearethepulmonaryandportalcirculationsTypesSystemicCirculation:Themajorityofvesselsaresystemic.Oxygenatedbloodleavestheheartinarteriesandreturnsde-oxygenatedviatheveins.PulmonaryCirculation:Transportsbloodfromthehearttoandfromthelungs.Itisunusualasthebloodinthepulmonaryarteriesisde-oxygenated.Itbecomesoxygenatedinthelungsandreturnstothehearttobepumpedaroundthebodyviathesystemiccirculation.PortalCirculation:Anetworkwherebybloodtravelsthroughtwocapillarynetworksbeforereturningtotheheart.Thelargestportalsystemisthehepaticportalsystem.Ittransportsbloodfromtheintestinestotheliver.Thisissonutrientsareabsorbedandtoxinsremovedbytheliverbeforeitreachestheheart.Otherportalsystemsoccurinthekidneyandthepituitarygland.

BloodVesselStructureEachbloodvessel-iscomposedofthreelayersoftissue,-fromsuperficialtodeeptheyaretheTunicaexterna

Tunicamedia

TunicaintimaTunicaExternaAloose,thicklayerofconnectivetissuethat

containswithinitnerves,lymphaticsandcapillaries.Itfunctionstoanchorthevesseltothesurroundingstructuresandaffordsitsomeprotection.TunicaMediaExternalelasticmembrane:Helpsthe

arterytorecoilafterithasbeenstretchedbythe

increaseinbloodpressureexperiencedduring

eachheartbeat.

Smoothmuscle:Thesmoothmusclelayerofthetunicamedia

isinvolvedinthevasodilationandvasoconstrictionofthebloodvessels. TunicaIntimaInternalelasticmembraneHelpsthevesselrecoilafterishasbeenstretchedbyanincreaseinbloodpressure. LaminaPropriaAnouterlayerofelasticconnectivetissuethatcontainscapillaries.BasementMembraneItfunctionstoadheretheendotheliumtotheconnectivetissueofthelaminapropria.EndotheliumAlayerofsimplesquamousepitheliumthatisindirectcontactwiththeblood.?Itispermeabletocertainmaterialsinthebloodstream.Itregulatesthediffusionofsubstances,preventscellsstickingtoitswallsandcontractstopreventbloodflow.TunicaIntimaInternalelasticmembrane:Helpsthevesselrecoilafterishasbeenstretchedbyanincreaseinbloodpressure. LaminaPropria:Anouterlayerofelasticconnectivetissuethatcontainscapillaries.TunicaIntimaBasementMembrane:

Itfunctionstoadheretheendotheliumtotheconnectivetissueofthelaminapropria.Endothelium:Alayerofsimplesquamousepitheliumthatisindirectcontactwiththeblood.?Itispermeabletocertainmaterialsinthebloodstream.Itregulatesthediffusionofsubstances,preventscellsstickingtoitswallsandcontractstopreventbloodflow.LargeArteryLargearterieshavethininternalandexternalelasticlaminaebutthesmoothmusclelayerisfullofelasticfiberstohelpthevesselrecoilafterbloodpressureincreasesduringsystole.e.g.Aorta,subclavian,commoniliacandcommoncarotidarteries. MediumArteryMediumveinsarearound1cmindiameterandallhaveananatomicalname.Theyaremuscularandlesselasticthanthelargearteriesastheydonothavetodealwithsuchgreatchangesinbloodpressure.e.g.Renal,internalcarotid,ulnar,splenic,andpoplitealarteries. GoToIllustrations:Slide155ARTERIESOFTHEHEADANDNECKTherightandleftcommoncarotidarteriessupplyalargeproportionoftheheadandneckwithblood.Theleftcommoncarotidarteryemergesfromthearchoftheaortaandtherightfromtherightsubclavianartery.Theybothascendatthesideoftheneckanddividetoformtheinternalandexternalcarotids.Atthisdivisionisanimportantswelling,thecarotidsinus,whichissuppliedbysensoryfibersoftheglossopharyngealnerveandfunctionstocontrolthepressureofthebloodtravellingintothebrain.Thevertebralarteriesareimportantastheysupplythecervicalvertebrae,thecerebellumandthespinalcordwithblood.Theyarisefromthesubclavianarteriesandtraveltothebaseofthebrainviatheholes(transverseforamen)inthetransverseprocessesofthecervicalvertebraeandentertheskullviatheforamenmagnum.ARTERIESOFTHEHEADANDNECKBranchesoftheCOMMONCAROTIDS:BranchesoftheCOMMONCAROTIDS:BRANCHCOURSEBRANCHESInternalcarotidarteryAdeeparteryoftheneckthatenterstheskulltosupplythebrain,eyes,noseandforehead.Ophthalmic.Anteriorcerebral.Middlecerebral.ExternalcarotidarteryAshortsuperficialvesseloftheneckthatbranchestosupplytheface.Facial.Lingual.Maxillary.Occipital.Superficialtemporal.Superiorthyroid.BranchesoftheSUBCLAVIANARTERY:VertebralarteryAscendstheneckthroughthetransverseforamenofthecervicalvertebraeandenterstheskullviatheforamenmagnumwhereituniteswithitsoppositetoformthebasilarartery.Spinal.Posteriorinferiorcerebellar.Basilar.ARTERIESOFTHEHEADTheheadissuppliedbythetwobranchesofthecommoncarotidartery;theinternalcarotidarterysuppliesthebrainandeye,theexternalcarotidthefaceandscalp.ArteryBranchesoftheINTERNALCAROTIDARTERY:BranchCourseBranchesOphthalmicarteryPassesthroughtheopticcanalandovertheopticnervetoreachthemedialwalloftheorbit.Centralarteryofretina.Longciliary.AnteriorcerebralarteryPassesintothelongitudinalfissure,windsaroundthecorpuscallosumtounitewiththeposteriorcerebralarteries.NonenamedMiddlecerebralarteryPassesthroughthelateralcerebralsulcusandtotheinsulabeforedividing.NonenamedBranchesoftheVERTEBRALARTERY:BranchCourseBranchesPosteriorinferiorcerebellararteryCurvesaroundtheolivetoreachtheposterio-inferioraspectofthecerebellum.NonenamedAnteriorinferiorcerebellararteryPassesbackwardsovertheantero-lateralaspectofthecerebellum.NonenamedBasilararteryFormedbytheunionofthevertebralarteries,itascendstheanteriorsurfaceofthepons.Posteriorcerebral.Superiorcerebellar.InternalCarotidArtery-Thebranchesoftheinternalcarotidandvertebralarteriesformanarterialcirclearoundthepituitaryglandandopticchiasmatthebaseofthebraincalledthe'circleofWillis'.Thisanastomisismeansthatifanarterysupplyingthebrainwastobecomedamaged,bloodflowfromtheothervesselscanoftenreplaceit.BranchesoftheEXTERNALCAROTIDARTERY:BranchesoftheEXTERNALCAROTIDARTERY:SuperiorthyroidarteryDescendsontheinferiorconstrictormuscletothethyroidgland.NonenamedLingualarteryPassesforwardsandupwardstoenterthetongue;itjoinsitsoppositearteryinthemidline.NonenamedFacialarteryPassingalongtheinferiorborderofthemandible,turnsatthemassetertoascendtothebridgeofthenose.NonenamedOccipitalarteryPassesupwardsandbackwardstothesuboccipitalregionofthescalp.NonenamedSuperficialtemporalarteryEmergesfromthesuperiorsurfaceoftheparotidglandandpassesupwardstowardsthescalp.NonenamedMaxillaryarteryPasseshorizontallyforwardsdeeptothemandibleramustoreachthepterygopalatinefossa.Middlemeningeal.Inferioralveolar.Infra-orbital.Greaterpalatine.Sphenopalatine.ArteryImportantarterialpressurepointsandthelocationsatwhicharterialpulsationscanbestbedetected.ARTERIES-Thorax

TheAortaThelargestarteryinthebodyThesourceofallofthesystemicarteriesItarisesfromtheleftventricleoftheheart,archesbackwardsovertheheartanddescendsthroughthethoraxandabdomenwhereiteventuallydividesintothecommoniliacarteries.Becauseofitssize,theaortaisdescribedin4parts,3ofthesearefoundinthethorax; PartsofAORTAintheThoraxArteryArteryArtery

PartsoftheAORTAinthethorax;

BranchCourseBranchesAscendingaortaAscends5cms,nexttothepulmonarytrunk.Coronaryarteries.Archofaorta. ArchofaortaArchesposteriorlyovertheleftprinciplebronchus.Brachiocephalictrunk.Leftcommoncarotid.Leftsubclavian.Descendingthoracicaorta. DescendingthoracicaortaBeginsatT4,descendstotheleftofthevertebralcolumnandterminatesatT12asitpassesthroughthediaphragm.Bronchial.Esophageal.Posteriorintercostal.Subcostal.Abdominalaorta. AscendingAortaOrigin

Itarisesfromthetopoftheleftventricle.Course

Itascendsfor5cmbeforecurvingforwardsandtotheright;atthelevelofthe2ndcostalcartilageitcontinuesasthearchofaorta.Branches

Leftcoronaryartery.Rightcoronaryartery.Supply

Entirebody.ArchofAortaOrigin

Acontinuationoftheascendingaortaatthelevelofthe2ndcostalcartilage.Course

Itpassessupero-posteriorlyoverthetrachea,todescendtotheleftofthevertebralcolumn;onreachingthelevelofT4,itcontinuesasthedescendingaorta.Branches

Brachiocephalictrunk.Leftcommoncarotidartery.Leftsubclavianartery.Supply

Headandneck.Upperlimbs.DescendingThoracicAortaOriginAcontinuationofthearchoftheaortaatthelevelofthe2ndcostalcartilage.CourseItdescendsatfirsttotheleftofthevertebralcolumnbutmovestowardsthemid-linetolieanteriortoit.Asitpassesthroughthediaphragmaticaorticapertureitbecomestheabdominalaorta.BranchesAlongitscourseitgivesrisetothefollowingbranches:Bronchialartery.Esophagealartery.Posteriorintercostalarteries.Subcostalartery.SupplyThorax.Abdomen.Lowerlimbs.BranchesofAscendingAortaRightcoronaryarteryPassesalongthecoronarygroovebetweentherightatriumandrightventricletosupplytheheartmuscleitself.Posteriorinterventricular.Marginal. LeftcoronaryarteryPassesalongthecoronarygroovebetweentheleftatriumandleftventricletosupplytheheartmuscleitself.Anteriorinterventricular.Marginal.Circumflex. ArchoftheaortaPassesoverthetrachea,todescendtotheleftofthevertebralcolumn.ItcontinuesasthedescendingaortaatthelevelofT4.Brachiocephalictrunk.Leftcommoncarotid.Leftsubclavian. BranchesofArchoftheAortaBrachiocephalictrunkAscendsbehindtherightclavicle.

Rightcommoncarotid.Rightsubclavian.LeftcommoncarotidarteryAscendsinthenecktothelevelofC4.Leftinternalcarotid.Leftexternalcarotid.LeftsubclavianarteryTravelstothelefttopassoverthefirstrib.Vertebral.Leftaxillary.DescendingthoracicaortaItdescendstotheleftandthenanteriortothevertebralcolumn.Asitpassesthroughthediaphragmaticaorticapertureitbecomestheabdominalaorta.Bronchial.Esophageal.Posteriorintercostal.Subcostal.BranchesofBRACHIOCEPHALICTRUNKRightcommoncarotidarteryAscendsinthenecktothelevelofC4.Rightinternalcarotid.Rightexternalcarotid. RightsubclavianarteryTravelstotherighttopassoverthefirstrib.Vertebral.Rightaxillary. BranchesoftheDESCENDINGTHORACICAORTA:BranchCourseBranchesBronchialarterySuppliesthebronchialtreeNonenamedEsophagealarterySeveralbranchesrunovertheesophagus.Severalbranchesrunovertheesophagus.PosteriorintercostalarterySupplytheposteriorintercostalspaces.NonenamedSubcostalarteryTravelsbelowthetwelfthrib.NonenamedAbdominalaortaItdescendsoverthelumbarvertebraeandterminatesatthelevelofL4bydividingintothecommoniliacarteries.Celiactrunk.

Inferiormesenteric.

Inferiorphrenic.

Lumbar.

Mediansacral.

Middlesuprarenal.

Ovarian.

Renal.

Superiormesenteric.

Testicular.Commoniliac.BranchesoftheSUBCLAVIANARTERY:BranchCourseBranchesInternalthoracicarteryItdescendsparalleltothelateraledgeofthesternum..Anteriorintercostalarteries(upper6).VertebralarteryItascendsanteriortothetransverseprocessofC7beforeascendinginthetransverseforamenofC6toC1.Itenterstheskullthroughtheforamenmagnum,unitingatthebaseoftheponswithitsoppositetoformthebasilarartery.Spinal.

Posteriorinferiorcerebellar.Basilar.ThyrocervicalAshorttrunkclosetothemedialborderofscalenusanterior.Inferiorthyroid.

Suprascapular.CostocervicaltrunkItascendsposteriorlyoverthecervicalpleura.Firstposteriorintercostal.BranchesoftheSUBCLAVIANARTERY:BranchesoftheAXILLARYARTERY:BranchCourseBranchesThoracoacromialarteryCurvessuperomediallyanddividesinto4branches.NonenamedLateralthoracicarteryRunsalongthelateralthoracicwall.NonenamedSubscapulararteryFollowsthelateralborderofsubscapularistotheinferiorangleofthescapula.NonenamedBrachialItdescendssuperficiallyonthemedialsideofthearmbetweenthelongheadsoftricepsandtheshortheadofbiceps;itterminatesinthecubitalfossabydividingintoradialandulnararteries.Deepbrachial.

Ulnarcollateral.Radial.Ulnar.ARTERIESOFTHEABDOMEN

ArteryArteryABDOMINALAORTAThedescendingthoracicaortaenterstheabdomenthroughtheaorticaperture,aholelocatedbetweentherightandleftcrusofthediaphragmattheleveloftheinferiorborderofT12.Fromhereitisrenamedtheabdominalaortawhichbranchestosupplytheabdomen,pelvisandlowerlimb:ABDOMINALAORTACeliactrunkOrigin

AshortbranchoftheabdominalaortaatthelevelofT12/L1.

Course

Itpassesforwardsabovethepancreasfor1cmandthenbranches.

Branches

Itgivesrisetothefollowingbranches:

Leftgastricartery.

Commonhepaticartery.

Splenicartery.

Supply

Stomach.

Liver.

Spleen.CeliactrunkArteryArteryArteryArteryArteryArteryBranchesoftheCELIACTRUNKBranchCourseBranchesLeftgastricarteryPassesalongthelessercurvatureofthestomachtounitewiththerightgastrictosupplythestomach.Esophageal.CommonhepaticarteryItpassestotherightalongtheupperborderoftheheadofthepancreasbeforebifurcating.Gastroduodenal.Hepaticarteryproper.SplenicarteryItpassesleftalongthesuperioraspectofthepancreasbehindthestomachtosupplythespleen.Pancreatic.Leftgastro-epiploic.Leftgastrica.Commonhepatica.Splenica.Gastroduodenala.Properhepatica.Rightgastrica.LeftbranchRightbranchCystica.Shortgastrica.

Leftgastrioeploica.Rightgastroepiploica.Superiorpancreaticoduodenala.Splenicbranches

Celiactrunk

LeftGastricArteryOrigin

Thesmallestbranchoftheceliactrunk.

Course

Itascendsontheposteriorpartofthediaphragmtowardstheterminationoftheesophagus,itthenarchesforwardsanddescendsalongthelessercurvatureofthestomachwhereitanastomoseswiththerightgastricartery.

Supply

Esophagus:lowerpart.

Stomach:bodyandfundus.ArterySplenicArteryOrigin

Abranchoftheceliactrunk.

Course

Itpasseslaterallyalongthetopofthepancreasandbehindthestomach,branchingjustbeforeitreachesthespleen.

Branches

Leftgastroepiploicartery.

Pancreaticbranches.

Supply

Spleen.

Pancreas.

Stomach.CommonHepaticArteryOrigin

Abranchoftheceliactrunk.

Course

Itpassestotherightandrunsalongtheupperborderoftheheadofthepancreas,behindthelesseromentum.

Branches

Itgivesrisetothegastroduodenalarteryafterwhichitcontinuesasthehepaticarteryproper.

Supply

Liver.

Gallbladder.

Stomach.BranchesoftheCOMMONHEPATICARTERYBranchCourseBranchesGastroduodenalarteryPassesinfrontoftheheadofthepancreasandbehindtheduodenumwhereitdivides.Rightgastro-epiploic.Superiorpancreatico-duodenal.ProperhepaticarteryAscendsinthelesseromentumtosupplytheliver.Righthepatic.Lefthepatic.Cystic.Rightgastric.GastroduodenalarteryOrigin

Abranchofthecommonhepaticartery.

Course

Itdescendstotheright,posteriortotheduodenumandanteriortotheneckofthepancreasanddividesintoitsterminalbranches.

Branches

Rightgastroepiploicartery.

Pancreaticoduodenalartery(inferiorbranch).

Supply

Stomach.

Duodenum.

Pancreas.BranchesoftheGastroduodenalarteryRightgastroepiploicarteryItpassestotherightwithinthegreateromentum,followingthegreatercurvatureofthestomachtounitewiththeleftgastro-epiploic.NonenamedPancreatico-duodenalarteryPassesaroundtheheadofthepancreas.NonenamedHepaticarteryproperOrigin

Acontinuationofthecommonhepaticarteryafteritgivesoffthegastroduodenalartery.

Course

Itascendswithinthelesseromentumtotheliverwhereitterminatesbydividingintoleftandrighthepaticarteries.

Branches

Rightgastricartery.

Cysticartery.

Supply

Liver.

Stomach.BranchesofthePROPERHEPATICARTERYBranchCourseBranchesCysticarteryItdescendswiththecommonhepaticandcysticductstosuuplythegallbladder.NonenamedRightgastricarteryPassesalongthelessercurvatureofthestomachtounitewiththeleftgastricartery.NonenamedHepaticarteriesTheproperhepaticarterybifurcatestosupplytheliver.NonenamedSplenicArteryOrigin

Abranchoftheceliactrunk.

Course

Itpasseslaterallyalongthetopofthepancreasandbehindthestomach,branchingjustbeforeitreachesthespleen.

Branches

Leftgastroepiploicartery.

Pancreaticbranches.

Supply

Spleen.

Pancreas.

Stomach.BranchesoftheSPLENICARTERYBranchCourseBranchesLeftgastroepiploicarteryTravelswithinthegreateromentum,followingthegreatercurvatureofthestomachtounitewiththeleftgastro-epiploic.NonenamedPancreaticarteriesSeveralbranchescourseoverthepancreas.NonenamedSuperiorMesentericArterySuperiorMesentericArteryOrigin

AbranchoftheabdominalaortaattheleveloftheL1.

Course

Itarisesjustbelowtheceliactrunkandposteriortothepancreas;itdescendsanteriorlyandtotherightbetweenthelayersofthemesenterywhereitterminatesbyanastomosingwiththeilealbranchoftheileocolicartery.

Branches

Alongitscourseitgiverisetothefollowingbranches;

Rightcolicartery.

Middlecolicartery.

Ileocolicartery.

Intestinalarteries.

Inferiorpancreaticoduodenalartery.

Supply

Pancreas.

Smallintestine.

Largeintestine:cecum,appendix,ascendingcolonandtransversecolon(right2/3rds).ArteryBranchesoftheSUPERIORMESENTERICARTERYBranchCourseBranchesMiddlecolicarteryPassesdownwardsandforwardsbetweenthelayersofthetransversemesocolontosupplytherightpartofthetransversecolon.NonenamedRightcolicarteryPassesright,infrontoftheduodenumandrightkidneytosupplytheascendingcolon.NonenamedIntestinalarteriesNumerousbranchesruninthemesenteryandformaseriesofarcadesthatsupplythesmallintestine.NonenamedIleocolicarteryDescendsbetweenthelayersofthemesenterytotherighttosupplytheileum,cecumandascendingcolon.NonenamedArteryMiddlecolicarteryOrigin

Abranchofthesuperiormesentericartery.

Course

Itrunsforwardsinthetransversemesocolonandsplitsintotwobranchesthatanastomosewiththerightandleftcolicarteries.

Supply

Rightpartofthetransversecolon.RightcolicarteryOrigin

Abranchofthesuperiormesentericartery.

Course

Itpassestotherightbehindtheperitoneumandinfrontofpsoasmajortotheascendingcolonwhereitsplitsintoascendinganddescendingbranches,whichanastomosewiththemiddlecolicandileocolicarteries.

Supply

Ascendingcolon.IntestinalarteriesOrigin

Tentotwentyintestinalbranchesarisefromthesuperiormesentericandileocolicarteries.

Course

Theyrunthroughthemesenterytothesmallintestine,forminganastomosingloops.

Supply

Smallintestine:jejunumandileum.IleocolicarteryOrigin

Abranchofthesuperiormesentericartery.

Course

Itdescendsbetweenthelayersofthemesenterytowardstherightiliacfossa,crossinginfrontoftherightureterandpsoasmajoranddividingintosuperiorandinferiorbranches.

Supply

Smallintestine:ileum.

Largeintestine:cecum,appendixandascendingcolon.ArteryArteryArteryArteryUterineartery—about2cmfromneckofuterusitcrossesaboveandinfrontofureter.ArteryInferiorMesentericArteryInferiorMesentericArteryOrigin

AbranchoftheabdominalaortaatthelevelofL3.

Course

Itdescendsthroughtheabdomenbehindtheperitoneumandcontinuesintothepelvisasthesuperiorrectalartery.

Branches

Leftcolicartery.

Sigmoidarteries.

Supply

Largeintestine:transversecolon(left1/3),descendingcolon,sigmoidcolon,rectum,analcanal.BranchesoftheINFERIORMESENTERICARTERYBranchCourseBranchesLeftcolicarteryAscendstowardstheleftkidneytosupplytheleftpartofthetransversecolonandthedescendingcolon.NonenamedSigmoidartery2or3branchesdescendbehindtheperitoneumtoreachthesigmoidcolon.NonenamedSuperiorrectalarteryTheterminalbranch,itdescendsintothepelvisanddividesatS3tosupplytherectum.NonenamedLeftcolicarteryOrigin

Abranchoftheinferiormesentericartery.

Course

Itascendstowardthelowerborderoftheleftkidney,behindtheperitoneumandinfrontofpsoasmajorwhereitdividesintotwobranchesthatanastomosewiththesigmoidandmiddlecolicarteries.

Supply

Leftpartofthetransversecolon.

Descendingcolon.SigmoidarteriesOrigin

Twoorthreebranchesoftheinferiormesentericartery.

Course

Eachbranchdescendsobliquelywithintheperitoneumthatsupportsthesigmoidcolonandbranches;thesebranchesunitewitheachothertoformanastomosingloopssuperiortothesigmoidcolon,whichfurtherdivideoverthesurfaceofthesigmoidcolon.

Supply

Sigmoidcolon.

Descendingcolon:lowerportion.SuperiorrectalarteryOrigin

Itisthecontinuationoftheinferiormesentericarteryasitpassesoverthecommoniliacartery.

Course

Itdescendsinthepelvisbetweenthelayersofthemesenteryofthesigmoidcolontotherectumwhereitbranches.

Supply

Rectum:superioraspect.ArteryArteryArteryArteryUterineartery—about2cmfromneckofuterusitcrossesaboveandinfrontofureter.ArteryVESSELSOFTHEPELVISThecommoniliacartery

formedbythebifurcationoftheabdominalaortaatthelevelofL4.

Thisarteryanditsbranchessupplythepelvis,glutealregionandlowerlimb:ArteryArteryBranchesoftheCOMMONILIACARTERY:BranchCourseBranchesInternaliliacarteryDescendsposteriorlyanddividestosupplythepelvis,perineumandglutealregion.Anteriortrunk.Posteriortrunk.ExternaliliacarteryDescendsanteriorlytopassundertheinguinalligamentwhereitbecomesthefemoralarteryandsuppliesthelowerlimb.Femoral.ArteryArteryArteryExternalIliacArteryOrigin

Thecontinuationofthecommoniliacartery.

Course

Itdescendsforwardsthroughthepelvisalongthemedialborderofpsoasmajor.

Branches

Asispassesundertheinguinalligamentitcontinuesasthefemoralartery.

Supply

Lowerlimb.InternaliliacarteryOrigin

Abranchofthecommoniliacartery.

Course

Itdescendsposteriorlytothesuperiormarginofthegreatersciaticforamenanddividesintoanteriorandposteriortrunks,whichgiverisetoitsmanybranches.

Branches

Superiorandinferiorglutealartery.

Obturatorartery.

Internalpudendalartery.

Uterineartery

Vaginalarteries.

Iliolumbararteries.

Middlerectalartery.

Lateralsacralartery.

Supply

Pelvicwallandviscera.

Glutealmuscles.Branchesofthe

INTERNALILIACARTERY:ANTERIORTRUNK

BranchCourseBranchesSuperiorvesicalarteryTravelsforwardsonthesurfaceofobturatorinternustosupplythebladderNonenamedInferiorvesicalarteryTravelsforwardsonthesurfaceoflevatoranitosupplythebladderandureter.NonenamedMiddlerectalarteryTravelsmedialytosupplythemiddleoftherectum.NonenamedUterinearteryRunsmediallyonlevatoranitoreachthecervix,whereitbifurcates.

Onebranchascendsalongtheuterustojointheovarianartery;theotherdescendstojointhevaginalartery.Nonenamed-Continued:Branchesofthe

INTERNALILIACARTERY:ANTERIORTRUNK

BranchCourseBranchesVaginalarteryOftensplitsintothreebranchesasitdescendsintothepelviccavitytosupplythevaginaandthebulbofthevestibule.NonenamedObturatorarteryPassesforwardsalongobturatorinternus,andpassesintothethighthroughtheobturatorforamen.Itsuppliespelvicmuscles,themedialthighandthehip.NonenamedInternalpudendalarteryDescendsanteriortothesacralplexustopassthroughthelessersciaticforamenandentertheperineum.Itsuppliestheexternalgenitalia,analcanalandperineum.Inferiorrectal.Perineal.Arteryoftheclitoris/penis.InferiorglutealarteryDescendsbetweenthesacralplexusandtraversesthegreatersciaticforamentofollowthesciaticnerveintothethigh.Itsuppliesthepelvicfloorandglutealmuscles.NonenamedBranchCourseBranchesIliolumbararteryAscendsanteriortothesacro-iliacjointtoreachpsoasmajor.NonenamedLateralsacralarteryDescendsonthefrontofthesacrumgivingoffbranchesthatrunintothepelvicsacralforaminaandoutofthedorsalsacralforamina.Itsuppliesthesacralcanalandmuscleandskinposteriortosacrum.NonenamedSuperiorglutealarteryDescendsoverthesacralplexusandtraversesthegreatersciaticforamenbeforeitbranchestosupplytheglutealmusclesandtheiroverlingskin.NonenamedBranchesofthe

INTERNALILIACARTERY:Posterior

TRUNK

***ARTERIESOFTHEUPPERLIMBThebloodsupp