2022-2023學摸底考試英語試題一、閱讀理解Sittingontheedgeoftheworld,Sydneyisconsideredasoneoftheworld’sgreatestcitiesforareason.WanttorelaxyourselfinSydney?ThisshortlistofthingstodoandseeinSydneyshouldpointyouintherightdirection.HitthebeachesEveryoneknowsaboutBondiBeachanditsIcebergspool,restaurantsandthecrashingwavesarethepostcardimageofSydney.Bondiisagreatplacetostart.Butafteryou’vecaughtsomesunortakenasurflessonwithLet’sGoSurfing,we’dsuggesttakingtheCoogeeCoastalWalk.BeginningattheBondiIcebergsswimclub,the3.7-milewalkaffordsamazingcliffsideviewsofrockpoolsandbays.CatchashowSydneyisfullofeventsandperformanceseverynightoftheweek.ThefirstplacethatjumpstomindistheiconicSydneyOperaHouse,designedbyJ?rnUtzon.AUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,thisincrediblepieceofarchitecturedoesn’tjustdoopera.You’llalsofindstand-upcomedy,ballets,andmore.Butit’snottheonlyplaceinSydneyputtingonashow.The1920sStateTheatre,inthecentralbusinessdistrict,isknowntohostinternationalballets,concertsandworld-classorchestras.GotothezooFromtheskylineviewstothecharminggrounds,there’sareasonwhySydney’sTarongaZooattractsmorethan1millionvisitorseveryyear.Theexpansivespaceplayshosttomorethan4,000animals,includingtigers,giraffes,kangaroos,platypus,koalas,Komododragons,elephants,lions,chimpsandmore.Loveitsomuchthatyouneverwanttoleave?Staythenightinoneofitsluxurysafari（狩獵）tents.ClimbthebridgeNicknamed“thecoathanger”,theSydneyHarbourBridgeopenedin1932.LiketheSydneyOperaHouse,itwasanengineeringmasterpiecethatwaswayaheadofitstime.Sure,youcanwalkorcycleacrossthebridge,butthebestwaytoappreciatethearchitecturalwonderisupcloseandpersonal.WhatcanyoudoatBondiBeach?Enjoyanoutdoorconcert.B．AppreciateincredibleC．Enjoycliffsideviews. D．CyclealongtheCoogeeCoast.What’srecommendedforanovernightstayinTarongaZoo?Inasafaritent. B．Inyourowncar.C．Atafive-starhotel. D．Onarestbench.WhatdoSydneyOperaHouseandHarbourBridgehaveinA．Theybothholdoperas.Theyareengineeringclassics.Theywerebuiltinthe19thcentury.TheyareontheUNESCOWorldHeritagelist.Imaginethatyoutakeawalkaroundyouryardornearbyparkandimmediately,thesoundsofaninsectbandsurroundyou.Producedbythemuscularmovementsofinsectscalledtreehopper(角蟬),thisimaginedsoundscapecomesfromvibrations(共鳴、振動)thatflowthesurfaceofplants.Butitisnotatalllikethefamiliarvocalizationsofcrickets(蟋蟀);instead,it’ssomethingricher,morevaried.Somesoundsaresong-like,othersaresimilartothenoisesofmachinesormusicalinstruments.Thenoisemadefromevensingleplantmaybe“asnoisyasabusystreet”.InAnImmenseWorld:HowAnimalSensesRevealtheHiddenRealmsAroundUs,Pulitzerprize-winningsciencejournalistEdYongexplainsthat,onarealwalkinsteadofthisonewe’veimagined,humanswouldnotbeabletohearthetreehoppers’musicwithoutspecialequipment.Inthecompanyofscientistswithalaservibrometer(振動計),adevicethatchangesthetreehoppervibrationsintosoundsaudibletohumanears,Yonggetstoheartheminthewildandinthelaboratory.Heisshockedbytheattractivesounds.Inthisbookthatfollowsonfrom2018’sIContainMultitudes,Yongwritesinaperfectbalanceofscientificseverityandpersonalaweasheinvitesreaderstograspsomethingofhowotheranimalsexperiencetheworld.Communicatingthroughsurfacevibrationsisarathercoolexamplethatextendsbeyondtreehopperstoelephantsandspiders,andtothisfactaboutfrogs.Attunedtovibrationsenteringtheeggs,froghatchesquicklyifasnakeshowsupwithahardbite,butignorerain,wind,footstepsandevenanearthquake.Myadmirationforthebookis,well,immense.Likemanythousandsofotherpeople,IhavereliedthroughoutthecourseofCOVID-19onYong’sreportingatTheAtlanticashecrackedopenthefast-changingworldofpandemicscience.Now,withAnImmenseWorld,Yongbringsintobeautifulfocusahostofotheranimalsensoryworldsthatco-existwithours,andhowwemayprotectthem.HowdoesthesoundscapecomeaboutaccordingtoparagraphA．Itcomesfromhumans’muscles.Itarisesfromthevocalizationsofcrickets.Itcomesfromanimaginableworld.Itarisesfromvibrationsflowingacrossthesurfaceofplants.WhycanYonghearthetreehopper’sA．Becauseofalaserdevice.Becauseofthesurfaceofplants.Becauseofthenatureoftheinsects.Becauseofthespecialimaginableenvironment.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnImmenseA．Itappealstoallkindsofpeoples.Itisaimedatprotectingtheanimals.Itisscheduledtobepublishednextyear.Itdescribesavirtualworldfullofanimals.Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport. B．Ahistoricalnovel.C．Abookreview. D．Apersonalbiography.StanfordUniversityresearchershavedevelopedadevicecalledanature-inspiredaerialgrasper,orSNAG,whichcanbeattachedtoaquadcopterdrone(四軸無人機)togiveitfeetandlegslikethoseofaneagle.Whenequippedwiththedevice,thedroneisabletoflyaroundcatchingandcarryingobjectsandperching(棲息)onvarioussurfaces,accordingtoaStanfordnewsreleasedatedDec.1,2021,describingthework.Butcopyingtheflexibilityofbirdswasn’teasytodo.Theresearchersshotvideosofsmallparrotsflyingbackandforthbetweenspecialperchesthatcontainedsensorstomeasurethephysicalforcesoflanding,perchingandtakeoff.“Whatsurpriseduswasthattheydidthesameaerialmilitaryexercise,nomatterwhatsurfacestheywerelandingon,”oneoftheresearchers,WilliamRoderick,explainedinthenewsrelease.“Theyletthefeethandlethevariabilityandcomplexityofthesurfacetextureitself,”hesaid.Givingadronesimilarabilitiesrequiredtechnologicalfeat.SNAGhasa3D-printedstructurethatimitatesaneagle’slightweightbones,andeachofitslegsisequippedwithamotorformovingbackandforthandasecondoneforgrasping.Mechanismsintherobot’slegsaredesignedtoabsorbimpactenergyandpassivelychangeitintograspingforce,thewaythatabird’smuscleswould.Asaresult,adroneequippedwiththedevicecangraspsomethingstronglyinjust20milliseconds.Oncetherobot’sfeetarewrappedaroundaperch,itsankleslockandanaccelerometer—adevicethatmeasuresvibration-detectsthelandingandactivatesabalancingalgorithm(算法)tostabilizeitontheperch.Elsewhere,researchersatotherinstitutionsalsohavebeenworkingforyearsongivingdronestheabilitytolandandhangontosomething.Asthis2019Smithsonianarticleexplains,beingabletolandinvariousplaceshelpsdronestoconserveenergythatwouldexpendbyhavingtoremainintheair.That’simportant,becausetheflighttimeofroboticaircraftsislimitedbytheirbatterypower.WhatinspiredtheSNAG’sdevelopment?Thewayparrotsperch. B．Themilitaryexercise.C．The3D-printedtechnology. D．Theeagle’slightweightbones.Whatmakesthedrones’grabbingsomethingstronglysopossible?Thepowerfulbattery.Theirabilitytoimitateparrots’takingoff.Theapplicationofadvancedflyingtechniques.Themechanicaldevicesmodelingabird’smuscles.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Flighttimeisnotvitaltothedrones.After2019,researchersquiteffortstoimproveflighttime.Flighttimehasbeenaproblembeforethisstudy.Researchingtheabilitytolandandhangontosomethingmeaningless.WhatisthemostsuitabletitlefortheA．Drones,anapplicationtothemilitaryB．Roboticdrones,reallylikebirdsC．Roboticdrones,acomparisonofbirdsD．Quadcopterdrones,advancedtechnologyAnewstudysuggeststhatcropinsuranceservesasadisincentive（抑制因素）forfarmerstoadoptclimatechangereliefmeasuresontheircroplands.ThestudybyresearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityexaminedtheinteractionsofwarmertemperatures,cropyield（產量）riskandcropinsuranceparticipationbyfarmers.Forthestudy,researchersdevelopedmodelsusinghistoricalcounty-levelcornandsoybeanyielddataintheUnitedStates,withaneyetowardunderstandingtheproductionimpactsofrisingtemperatures.Theresearchersfoundthatvariationincropyieldduetohighertemperaturesrosewhenmorefarmershadcropinsurance.Interestingly,theresultsshowedgreatervariabilityeffectsforcornyieldsthanforsoybeanyields.“Thiscouldbeanunintendedconsequenceofthegovernment’sprovidingsubsidiesforcropinsurance,whichcostsalargesumofmoney,”saidRodM.Rejesus,professorofagriculturalandresourceeconomicsatNCStateandtheauthoroftheresearchstudy.“Theconceptofmoralcrisiscouldbepresenthere.Ifinsurancewillcovercroplossesduetovariouseffectslikedroughtorsevereweather,afarmermaynotwanttopaytheextraexpenseforclimatechangeadaptationeffortssuchasusingcovercropstoimprovesoilhealth,forexample.”Thestudymodelsindicatethatanincreaseofdailyminimumandmaximumtemperaturesof1degreeCelsiuswouldincreasecounty-levelcornyieldvariabilityby8.6bushels（1bushelequalsto35.24L）peracreif80%offarmersinacountyhavecropinsurance.Thesametemperatureriseinacountywith10％cropinsuranceparticipationwouldincreasecornyieldvariabilitybyjust6.2bushelsperacre.Theresearchersbringuppossiblesolutionstothissituationforpolicymakers.Theyincludeprovidingmoresubsidiestoencouragefarmers’useofclimatechangereliefefforts—likesoilhealthpractices—andstartinghigh-levelpolicyconversationsabouthowtopossiblyadjustrulesandguidelinesthatgoverncropinsurancecontractsinordertoreducethedisincentiveeffects.Whatdoesthestudyfindaboutcropinsurance?Itensurescropproduction.

Itleadstounexpectedeffects.ItresultsinworseclimateD．Itdoesn’tbringanybenefitschange. farmers.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subsidies”inparagraph4A．Marketsupport. B．Verbalsupport.C．Technicalassistance. D．Financialaid.Whatmightexplaintheunintendedconsequenceofcropinsurance?A．Moralcrisis. B．Lawissue.C．Studymodels. D．Customchange.Howdidtheauthorshowtheeffectsofcropinsuranceonyieldvariability?A．Bydoingexperiments. B．Bymakingacomparison.C．Bylistingfigures. D．Byconsultingexperts.二、七選五Asoftenaswemovearoundthesedaysforschool,workorlongdistancefriendshipsarearealityofadulthood. 16 ,there’snoreasontoletdistancekeepyoufromstayingconnected.BedefiniteandintentionalaboutkeepingyourlongdistancefriendIfyouwanttokeeppeopleinyourlife,youhavetotellthemandbereadytoputintheeffort.Whetheryou’vejustmovedawayfromyourfriendoryou’vebeenapartforyears,longdistancefriendshipsrequireareciprocal(相的)commitment. 17 .Thatmeansfindingtimetohangout.Thatmeansshowingyourfriendthatyouvaluethem.Andthereciprocalistrue—rememberthattheyvalueyou,too.UsecommonintereststofeelconnectedandgetrealDevelopan“anchor”foryourfriendship.Ananchorissomethingthatyouhaveincommonthatactsasatriggertoreachouttoeachother. 18 soyoueachsendphotosofthenewdishesyoumakewithalinktotherecipe.Oryoubothlove,let’ssay,HBOshowEuphoria,andyoutexttodiscussaftereachepisode(集)comesout.Itdoesn’treallymatterwhatitis,aslongasithelpsyoustartaconnection.Don’thesitatetoreachoutIfyoutwofeellikeyourcommunicationisboring,don’tbeafraidtobethefirstonetoreachout.Itshowsyourfriendthattheydon’tneedtofearrejection.Bycreatingthespacetomakefriendfeelvalued,wehelpthembecomemorecourageoustotakeofintimacy(親密)withus. 19 .20Separationishard.Miscommunicationhappens.Andbecausethere’sjustalimitedamountoftimeyougetwithyourfriend,it’seasytoletconflictsgounaddressed.Trynottosweepthingsundertherug.Infact,addressingconflictisoneofthewaysyoucanbecomecloserwithyourfriend.ThatmeansreachingoutMaybeyoubothlovecookingBevitaltocommunicateopenlyIfyoudeterminetoabandonthefriendshipE．Conflictsarenaturalandhealthy—addressthemF．WhiletheymightrequiresomeplansandcreativitytokeepupG．Wehelpcreatethespaceforthemtowanttoinvestmorewithus三、完形填空Anactofkindnesshaswarmedpeople’sheartsafterastrangerleftanoteandboxesoffreefoodoutinapark.Thelastyearhasbeenanespecially 21 timeformany.Therearenumerouspeoplewhofindthemselvesin 22 ofahelp.Andonekind 23 hastakenituponthemselvesmakeadifferencetosomeoneinneed.Theydidsoby 24 foodsuppliesonaparkbenchforpeoplecollect,freeof 25 .Alocalresident 26 theboxesandbagsoffreefoodonabenchwhile 27 throughLeithLinkspark.then 28 itviaFacebookalertingothersthatmaybestrugglingforfoodduringthecold 29 period.Thephotoshowedthereweretwobigboxesandabagpackedfullof 30 suchasbread,rolls,fruitandvegetablesa 31 attachedthatread:“Freetouse,pleaseputthelidbackon.”The 32 whosharedthecollectionoffoodcommented,“Whata 33 thingtodo.”Thisisn’tthefirsttimeasimilar 34 ofgoodwillhasbeenspottedoverthelastfewyearsintheareatohomelessindividualsandthosestruggling 35 .inthecommentssaidthatthishasbeena 36 occurrenceovertheyears,withonesoultakingituponthemselvesto 37 helpduringthewintermonths.21.A．greatB．difficultC．successfulD．excellent22.21.A．greatB．difficultC．successfulD．excellent22.A．needB．honorC．memoryD．support23.A．farmerB．soulC．mindD．teacher24.A．spoilingB．makingC．leavingD．selling25.A．payB．controlC．holdD．charge26.A．cameacross B．tookin C．gaveout D．send27.A．driving B．looking C．walking 28.A．ignored B．declared C．promoted 29.A．summer B．winter C．autumn 30.A．belongings B．materials C．supplies 31.A．note B．letter C．diary 32.A．journalist B．local C．photographer 33.A．usual B．common C．kind 34.A．gesture B．organization C．number 35.A．constantly B．personally C．physically 36.A．recent B．clear C．regular 37.A．arrange B．pretend C．prevent 38.A．suffered B．differed C．heard 39.A．frighten B．benefit C．amuse 40.A．shoulders B．arms C．legs D．backs四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Everypersoninthisworldhastheirownuniqueexperiencesandchallenges—andjustbecausetheyaren’tuniversal,itdoesn’tmeantheyaren’tthere.That’swheretheHumanLibraryprojectcomesin.Itgivesusachance41(explore)thestoriesthatmightneverknowaboutotherwise.Itgivesus42uniqueopportunitytolookattheworldtheeyesofothers.Itisdonewithout 43 (judge),anditleadsunderstanding.TheHumanLibrarystarted 44 theconceptoflivingbooks.Eachpersonbecameanopen“book”andsharedtheirownexperiencesinlife.Theywouldtalkabout 45 lifewaslikeintheirshoes.Theprojectbeganwithfiftydifferenthumanbookswhichwerehigh