2011Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventions

tothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalavocabularyand

setofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheotherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivetlyandthatwhichherecognises,increasesinsizeashegrowsoldasaresultofeducationandexperience.But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortikeinpidual,unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanothermemberofhislinguisticcommunity;hehastogivethesystema

concretetransmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedtwomostcommonformsoftransmission-bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans(speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare

amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements. ∧words----------these/thoseinthedisposal--------atthe delete“the”before“otherEnglish seen------perceived,understood,delete“it”before“forAnd-----Yet;∧most------themostChildhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilitiestomakelifedifficult.Ifachildhasgoodparents,isfed,lookedafterandloved,whathemaydo,Itisimprobablethathewilleveragaininhislifebesomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginturn.Inaddition,lifeisalwayspresentingnewthingstothechild—things

thathavelosttheirinterestingforolderpeoplebecausetheyaretoowell-known.Achildfindspleasureinplayingintherain,orinthesnow.Hisfirstvisittotheseasideisamarvelousadventure.Butachildhashispains:Heisnotsofreetodoashewishesashethinksoldpeopledo;heiscontinuallybeingtoldnottodothings,orbeingpunishedforthathehasdonewrong.Hislifeisthereforenotlongerperfectlyhappy.Whentheyoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,he

esfreefromthedisciplineofschoolandbutatthesametimeheisforcedtoacceptresponsibilities.Hecannotlongerexpectotherstopayforhisfood,hisclothes,andhisroom,buthastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortable.Ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaythatheusedtoasachild,hewillsufferhungry.Andifhebreaksthelawsofsocietyasheusedtobreak

thelawsofhisparents,hemaygotoprison.If,therefore,heworkshard,keepsoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealth,

hecanhavethegreathappinessofseeinghimselfmakingsteadyprogressinhisjobandofbuildingupforhimselfhisownpositioninsociety.whateverturnreturninturndoareisthatwhat。thatwhat，thething/thingsthatnotno。固定搭配的副詞短語“no8.suffer改為go或 e或be。或把hungry改為hunger。9.therefore改為however。此處的條件狀語從句表示轉折。10.makingmakeManystudentstodaydisplayadisturbingwillingnesstochooseacademicinstitutions,fieldsofstudyandcareersinthebasisofearningpotential.Inanextensive1989surveyofcollegestudentsnationwide,72percentofstudentsreportedthattheirprimary

objectivetoattendingcollegewastomakemoremoneyupongraduation.Thisstateofmindcamewiththepresentgeneration.Studiesshowthatthemajorityofbabyboomersattendedcollegetodevelop

themselves,theircriticallythinkingskillsandtheir philosophiesoflife.

Nationaly,thenumberofstudentsgoingintobusiness-relatedhassharplyincreased,andthisrisehasattributedprimarilytotheshiftineducationalandcareerpriorities.AtDuke,economyisnowthemostpopularmajor,attractingnearly15percentoftheunder-graduates,andhistorymajorscompriseonly5percentofundergraduatepopulation.Thirtyyearsagothesituationwasreversed,with

andbusinessadministrationmajorstogetherconsisting8.7percentofundergraduatesandalmost12percentofundergraduatesdeclaredthemselveshistorymajors.ThenumberofEnglishmajorshasalsodecreased,from9percentin1969to5.5percenttoday.Degreesineconomicsaremarketedandlikelytogarnertheirholdersofhighsalarieswithouttheaddedeffortofmedicalorlawschool.Andgiventheobjectivesofcurrentcollegestudents,suchoptionsareattractive.1.in--onthebasisofonin

objectto6.and--andwhilebut。prising/constitutingconsisting^--consistofcompriseconstituteof“almost12percentofundergraduatesdeclaredthemselveshistorymajors”和“economicandbusinessadministrationmajorstogetherconsisting8.7percentofundergraduateswith，所declareddeclaring，與前面的分句保持形式上的一致。10.of(highsalaries)--garnerof，garnersthAimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseisseeingadeclineoftheirtraditionalwork-moralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargefulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.

Thecomingofofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethaslimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavy

sacrificesinvolvedclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschool with67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthan

didtheircounterpartsinthe10countriessurveyed.Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics.Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechaniclearning

overcreativityandself-expression.LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschool,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingatotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuowhowastheneducationminister,raisedhiseyebrowwhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectof

1.is--the：TheoldreceiveparticularrespectinChinese2.large-largelyTheernmentborrowing.3.）--comeofageing將原句成Thecomingof,ofthepostwarbabyboom,這樣斷句意思解釋不通。4.has--involvedinAllthechildrenwereinvolvedintheschoolThereportstatesthat42percentofthealunmicontributedtoTherehasbeenatenpercentincreaseinthenumberofnewstudentsarrivingatpolytechnicthisJapanJapan1010othercountries。toraiseone'seyebrow表示“（某事）引起（）的驚訝或不贊同”，如Heraisedhiseyebrowsoversomeofthe10.of--respect后面通常跟for接人，表示“對 ）的尊重”，如：respectfortheoldForover900years,theTowerofLondonhasservedasaloyalpalaceandfortress.Today,it'sfamousforitsbloodyhistoryandforbeingtheplacewheretheCrownJewelsarekept.Butithasservedforotherpurposes,too.Ithasbeentheroyalarsenal,royalmint,royalobservatoryoreventheroyalzoo.ThesiteoftheTowerwasoriginallypartoftheRomancityofLondinium.

But,in1066,aforeignerfromnorthwestFrancebecameKingWilliamofBritain,heorderedthatawoodencastlebuiltonthebanksoftheriverThames.Thepurposeofthisfortresswastohelp

London,themostimportantcityinhisviewrealm.TenyearsWilliamhadthefortressrebuildinstone,andcreatedagreatfortifiedpalacewithwallsthreemetrethick.Today,thisbuildingisknownastheWhiteTower,anditstandsinthecentreofamuch

largerstonefortress,whichwasbuiuringlatercenturies.TheTowernowcoverstheareaofsevenhectares,anditstandsnear

busyfinancialdistrictofthecapital.But,onceinsidethehighstonewalls,it'seasytoforgetthemodernworldoutsideandtotakeatripbackthroughhistory.Tohelpvisitorsexplore,therearespecialceremonialguards,calledYeomanWarders.TheyarealsoknownasBeefeaters,andtheyarethebestresourceofinformationabouttheTower'shistory.Nearly40YeomanliveandworkintheTower.

TheyareformersoldierswhoearnedtheprivilegeofservingasYeomanafterlongservice.

1.loyal--2.for--servethepurposeforIdon'treallythinkthatthispieceoffurnitureservesanyuseful3.or--theroyalzootheroyalarsenalroyalmint,royalobservatoryand。和awoodencastlebuiltonthebanksoftheriverThames,兩個分句之間缺少了連詞連接。根據邏輯關系，這里應該用表示時間的連接詞when。5.^built--動詞order后面的that從句可以是be型虛擬語氣，也可以是情態助動詞should。所以可以說orderth shouldbebuilt或者orderth astlebebulit。在后一種表達中，表的助動詞be不能省略。havesomethingdone7.metre--anareaofsevenhectaresarearesource，sourceasourceofinformation,asourceofillnessasourceofknowledge10.who^--earnedtheprivilegeofservingasYeomanSomepeoplesaylovemakestheworldgoaround.Otherssayitisnotlove;it'smoney.Sincethetruthisthatitisenergythatmakesthe

goaround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlife espossibleevenwhenfoodis

convertedintoenergy,whichinturnsisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Inthiscyclealllifedepends.Itisfairlywellknownthat

wildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmanyastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimeinwinterwhenfoodisscarce.Butitisprobablylesswellknownthatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Agoodcase

inpointiswhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.Aphysicallymaturefemaledeerinthegoodconditionwho

hasconceivedinNovemberandwasgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringofMayandfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody'sneedsbutalsotoreproducemilkforherfawns.The

bestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess--itrequiresalotoffood.Theneedcanbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.

1.Since--2.even--onlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergyeven3.In--onthiscycle”。4.many--5.time--throughterribletimesduringthewaryears。6.is^--7.the--ingoodcondition，good：Thegoodsarrivedingoodcondition。8.was--句子的主語是懷孕的成年母鹿，與givebirthto是施動者與動作的關系，不應用語態。根據和上下文的內容母鹿所需的能量是為了產奶（producemilk），而不是繁殖奶（reproducemilk）10.can^--ThewordencyclopediabeganasaGreekwordandmeans"instructioninthewholecircle."ItwasthefirstusedinEnglishbysirThomasEloytin1538.Encyclopediastoday

areusuallyarrangedinalphabeticalorder,butinearlytimestheywerearrangedinanywaytheauthorliked.OnewriterintheMiddleAgesbeganwithadiscussionofGodangelsandendwithdescriptionsofscentsandcolorsandalistof36differentkindsofeggs.Thefirst

alphabeticallyarrangedencyclopediawaspublishedinbyanEnglishclergymannamedafterJohnHarris.TheoldestencyclopediainrealitywaswrittenduringthefirstcenturyA.D.byPlainy,aRoman.Its37volumes

listover20thousanditems.Itisvaluedhighlyforhundredsofyears.Upto153643editionshadbeenpublished.Thelargestencyclopedia,thethirdChinese

er5020volumesandwascompiledduringtheeighteenthcentury.Between1751and1765theFrench

Encyclopediaappeared.Thiscollectonwasusualbecausecontemporaryfamousmen,imcludedVoltarie,Rousseau,andDiderot,wroteaticlesforit.TheEncyclopediaBritannicaisprobablythebest

workforEnglish-speakingpeople.ItfirstappearedinScotlandin1771.In1961theworldBookCompanypublishedabraille

editionof cyclopediaforblindreaders.end—is—ususl—theworldbookcompanyItisdifficulttothinkofanationasan ofpeoplelivingonapatchofterritory.Itiseasiertothinkofasa .ThisiswhywesometimescallGreatBritain"Britannia"andtheUnitedStates"Columbia",andthinkof

itasstaywomen.Wealsousemasculinesymbolsinourificationofnations.In1712JohnArbuthont,aScot,wroteapoliticalsatireinthatthecharactersweresupposed

tobetypicalmembersofdifferentnationalities.ThewasJohnBull.Thisname,whichwassufficientflatteringtobeadoptedgenerally,combinedthemostcommonEnglishfirst

namewithalastnameindicatedstrength.JohnBullisusuallypicturedasapartlybusinessmanwithaunionJackonhisAftertheAmericanWarofIndependencebeganin1783,theUnitedStateswasknownfor"BrotherJonathan".Jonathanwasabiblical

nameassociatedwithsimplepeoplefromruralareas,anditseemedfittingsincetheUnitedStatesisruralandunsophiscated,andsince

AmericanconsideredtheirtypeofsimplicityavirtuecomparedtothewickednessofEuropeancities.Itispossible,however,thatnamewasoriginatedwithGeorgeWashington,whowouldoftensay,whenfacedwithahardproblem,"LetusconsultBrotherJonathan",referringtohissecrectary,JohnathanTrumbull.ofasait—USGreatBritain根據歷史知識，獨立開始于1776年7月4日（《》），直到1783年英國正式承認獨立for—beknownfor意為“ is—ruralandunsophisticatedto—compareto意為“把......比作.......”comparewith意為“與......比較，與.......匹敵， 競爭Ancientmanattemptedtochangetheweatherbyusingmagic.Whileexperiencetaughthimthiswasimpossible,

hetriedtoforecastweatherconditions.Evenearlierin1000B.C.therewereweatherseersinBabylon

priestscleverenoughtodenounceasfraudsthosepredictedtheweatherayearintheadvance.Someforecastersusedmethodsthatseemedtotakenoconnectionwiththeactualfactorscontrolledtheweather.Chickensandotheranimalsweresacrificedandtheirintestinespokedtofindsignsindicatingrainanddrought.Somewhatmorescientificwere

predictionsbasedonvegetation:"Onion'sskinverythin,mildweathercomingin.Onion'sskinthickandtough,comingweatheriscoldandrough."Insectsandanimalswerealsofavoriteweatherclues:"Beforetheglowwormlightshislamp,thentheairisalwaysdamp.""Ifspiderstheircobwebsforsake,theweatherwillforcertainbreak.""If inpools,theweatherwillbefine.Iftheywereseenonrocks,rainandcoldweredue."It'sdifficulttosaywhetherthis

shouldbetakenseriously:"Hark,Iheartheassesbray.Methinkswe'llhavesomeraintoday."thistochangetheweatherbyusingmagic.when/afterin—thosewhowhoadvancetheinadvancetake—haveconnectionwithcontrollingtheweatherthat/whichcontrolledtheweathertheactualand—will—Theaimofajobinterviewistoestablishwhetheryouarelikelytodowellinaparticularjobinaspecificorganization.Thisisnotonlyamatterofhavingthenecessarytechnicalknowledgeandskill.Youmustalsohavethemotivation,theabilitytoadapttonewwaysofworkingandanewworkingenvironment,and alitytodothejobandfitintoanewteam.

Butthereare alskillsaffectyoursuccessinajob.Theseincludegettingonwithpeople,oralorwrittencommunication,teamworking,problemsolvingandgoodtimeMostpeoplethinkthatinterviewersknowwhattheyarelookingforandwillrecognizewhentheyseeit.

However,peopleareactuallynotverygoodatoneandanother.Thisappliestorecruitersasmuchasanyoneelse.Infactaformerheadofselectionatonebigfirmusedtosaythat"someinterviewersaresopoortheywoulddobettertorelyonchances."Incompanieswhichrecognizethis,variousmethodsusedtotrytofindthecorrect .Themostcommonisthestructuredinterview.Researchhasshownthatthisapproachismorereliablethantheordinaryjob

interniew,thoughnotasaffectiveasusingtestsorassessmentcenters.Inastructuredinterview,theinterviewergroupsthequalitieslistinginthejob

specificationundervariousheadings.Therearetwowell-establishedstructuresforthis:theNationalInstituteofIndustrialPsychology'sSeven-PointPlantheFive-FoldGradingSystem.Theinterviewerscandidatesforhowwelltheyfitthejobspecification.1.skill--atoanewworkingenvironmentnewwaysofworkingadapttoto在此不可以省略。這句話已經有謂語動詞are了，所以動詞affect可以以現在分詞的形式affecting出現，做定語修飾前面的otheralskills；在affect前面加上that或者which，以定語從句的形式修飾other alskills。4.or--5.^when--recognizeitwhattheyarelookingfor6.and--oneanotherrightcorrectrightcorrect9.listing-10.for--Islanguage,asfood,abasichumanneed?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickinthe13thcenturyitmaybe.Hotodiscoverwhat

languageachildwouldspeakifheheardmothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

TodaynosuchdrasticdeprivationexistsasorderedbyFrederick.Furthermore,somechildrenarestill

backwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothecuesandsignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtomopuplanguagerapidly.Therearecriticaltimes,itseems,whenchildrenlearnmorereadily.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesawayandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.

Linguistssuggestthatspeeilestonesarereachedinafixedsequenceand onstantage.ButtherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsuptobeofhighIQ.Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornofthecapacitytospeak.Butspeechhastobetriggered,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrealizesthecuesandsignalsinthechild'sbabbling,gras ,crying,

smiling,andrespondstoit.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinterationbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlysignals.Sensitivitytothechild'sverbalcuesisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentof1.as--hetoldthenursestokeepsilentifheheardnomothertongue，3.as^--asthatthedeprivationorderedbyFrederickthat。6.up--turnupturnout7.of--bebornwith...realizerecognizerecognize9.it--cuesandsignals，them Thetendencynowadaystowanderinwildernessesistosee.Thousandsoftired,nerve-shaking,over-civilizedpeople

beginningtofindoutthatgoingtomountainsisgoinghome;thatwildnessisanecessity;andparksandreservationsareusefulnotonlyasfountainsoftimberandirrigatingrivers,andasfountainsoflife.Awakeningfromthestupefyingeffectsofthe

viciousofover-industryandthedeadlyapathyofluxury,theyaretryingasbesttheycantomixandenrichtheirownlittle

withthatofNature,andtogetridofrustanddisease.Brisklyventuringandroaming,somearewashingoffsinsandcaresofthedevil'sspinninginstormsonmountains,bendingdownandpartingsweet,flowerysprays;tracingriversbacktheirsources,gettingin

touchwiththenervesofMotherEarth;jumfromrocktorock,pantinginwhole-souledexercise,andrejoicingindeep,long-drawnbreathesofpurewildness.Thisisfineandnaturalandfullofpromise.Soalsowasthegrowinginterestinthecareandpreservationofforestsandwildplacesingeneral,andinthehalfwildparksandgardensoftowns.Eventhesceneryexistsinitsmostartificialforms,mixedwithspectacles,silliness,andkodaks;itsdevoteesarrayedgorgeouslythanscarlettanagers,frighteningthewildgamewithredumbrellas,--eventhisisencouraging,andmaywellbe

regardedasahopefulsignoftimes.bythecrisis。所以作為名詞定于應該用它的-ed2.^mountain--3.and--5.that--those6.back^--tracebacktobacktobreathe和breath這兩個詞容易前者是動詞后者是名詞這里是名詞形式所以用breath的復數形式breathswas--雖然這一句很長，它的結構是動詞替代“so+do+somebodydobe、have、dodo既然這個句子中有“than”，那么就應該有與之搭配thetimes。如：Heisnotwillingtomovewiththetimes.Threepassions ernedmylife:theforlove,thesearchintoknowledge,andtheunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Ihavesoughtoflove,first,becauseit

ecstasy--ecstasysogreatbecauseIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestofmylifeforafewhoursforthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,next,becauseitrelievesloneliness--thatterriblelonelinesswhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecold

lifelessabyss.Ihavesoughtit,then,becauseintheunionofloveIhaveseen,inamysticminiature,the

prefiguringvisionoftheheavenwheresaintsandpoetshaveimagined.ThisiswhatIsought,andthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhumanlife,thisiswhat--atlast--ihaveWithequalpassionateIhavesoughtknowledge.Ihavewishedtounderstandtheheartsofmen.Ihavewishedtoknowwhy

thestarsshine...Alittlethis,butnotmuch,Ihaveachieved.Loveandknowledge,sofarastheywerepossible,

ledupwardtowardtheheavens.Butitalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Echoesofcriesofpainreverberatein

myheart.Childreninfamine,victimstorturedbyoppressors,helplessoldpeople--ahatedburdentotheirsons,andthewholeworldofloneliness,povertyandpainmakeamockofwhathumanlifeshouldbe.Ilongtoalleviatetheevil,butIcannot,andItoosuffer.Thishasbeenmylife.Ihavefounditworthofliving,andwouldgladlyliveitagainifthechancewereofferedme.

into-searchinto意思是“”，這里要表示“尋找”，應該用詞組searchforbecause-原句意思是：我追尋過愛，首先是因為他帶來狂喜——莫大的狂喜，我常會為了幾個小時的這種喜悅吧余生都^which-whichin，表示“在這種寂寞中”，做狀語。then-first、next，此句之后也沒有再列舉其他理由，所以此處應該表示列舉最后一條原因，finallylastly。where-^this-此句意思是：愛和知識，在可能的情況下，引人向上通往。然而，憐憫卻總是把我帶回塵世，可見But一句的pityit9.mock-makeamockeryofThencoastalbelthasnotrecordedmanyTsunamisintheWavescompanyingearthquakeactivityhavebeenreportedovertheNorthBayofBengal.Duringanearthquakein1881whichhasitsepicenternearthecentreoftheBayofBengal,Trsunamiswerereported.Theearthquakeof1941inBayofBengalcausedsomedamageinAndamanregion.ThiswasunusualbecausemostTsunamisweregeneratedbyshockswhichoccuratorneartheflanksofcontinentalslopes.

Duringtheearthquakeof1819and1845neartheRannofKutch,therewererapidmovementsofwaterintosea.ThereisnomentionofwavesresultingintheseearthquakesalongthecoastadjacenttheArabiansea,anditisunlikelythatTsunamisweregenerated.Furtherwest,inthePersianGulf,the1945MerkranearthquakegeneratedTsunamiof12to15metresheight.Thiscaused

ahugedeluge,withconsideraossoflifeandpropertyatOrmaraandPasi.TheestimatedheightofTsunamiatGulfofCombaywas

15mandnoreportofdamageisavailable.Theestimatedheightofwaveswasabout2metresatMumbai,whichboatsweretakenawayfromtheirmooringsandcasualtiesoccurred.

動 company是名詞，除了“公司”的意思之外，還有“陪伴，伙伴”的意思。比如：Keepsomebodycompany（陪伴某 has-were-because ^sea-sea前通常要帶定冠詞，這屬于用法。另外，表示具體的海洋，江河等名詞前通常也有定冠詞in-resultinresultfrominfromfrom。形容詞adjacent可以直接放在名詞前做定語，例如：anadjacentcity（一個的城市）。但是如果做后置定語toacityadjacenttoShanghai。considerate”，considerable（57and-1215OrmaraPasiCombay15有記錄。從前后句的邏輯關系來看，二者是對比轉折，所以應該用but。whcih-YesterdayafternoonJohnandIwerewalkingalongawhereweheardsomeoneshout"Help!Help!"Hewasinalake,aboutahundredfeetfromtheshore.Therewasasmallboatnearby.Weknewimmediaywhathappened.Hehadfallenoutoftheboatandcouldnotswimgoodenoughtoreachitortogettotheshore.Aswerantowardsthelakesawhimsunk,andIwascertainthathewoulddrown.Butinamomenthisheadappearedagain.QuicklyJohntookouthisshoes,jumpedintothewaterandstartedswimmingtoward

thedrownedman.Hereachedhimjustasthemanwentdownagain.Hewascloseenoughastostretchouthishandandtrytotakeholdoftheman'sclothesorhishairbeforehesank.Butthemanthrewouthisarmsinfear,caughtJohnacrosstheneck,andbegantodrawhimdownunderthewater.Johnfoughttokeephisheadabovethewaterandatthesame

triedtoswimtowardtheboat,pulledthemanwithhim.alake—thegood—sunk—out—tostretchIndustrialgrowthincountrieshadformerlybeenmarketshastenedregionalself-sufficiencyand,intheconsequence,hastenedthecollapseoforganizedlong-distancetrade.Thisprocesswasintensifiedbythespreadofanewmetal,iron.Inalmost1400B.C.newsmeltingtechniquesledtothehightemperatureswhichcouldproduceanironsuperiorin

strengthtobronze.Probably innortheasternTurkey,thisprocessspreadoverEuropeconsideraymorerapidlythantheartofprocessingbronze.Thisrapidspreadwasduenotonlyparticularlywarandthemovements

ofpeople,butchiefly,tothewideoccurenceofironoreaswell.Ironwasavailableforsmeltinginalmosteverylandand,in

efficiency,ironforgingofferedalmosteverycountrytheprospectofeconomicalself-sufficiency.Itwaseagerlyseizedupon,andthebottomfelloutofthebronzemarketandthe

generaleconomics.Tradestagnated,shipswerelaidup,andarecessionsetin.inconsequenceof為習語almost—

develo—consideray—duenotonlyto...butchieflyto..ineffectin10.pulled—Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslittletenyearsbefore,youcan'thelpbeingstruckedbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhairstylesandmake-uplookdate;theirskirtslookeithertoolongor

short;theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyThementakingpart,onotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggestthat

theybelongtoanentiredifferentage.Thisillusioniscreatedbychangingfashions.Overtheyears,thegreatminorityofmenhavesuccessfullyresistedallattemptstomakeitchangetheirstyleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachyear,

afewerso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydownonthelawandwomenwholeworldoverruntoobey.Thedecreesofthedesignersareunpredictableanddictatorial.Sometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortand

waistwillbeheight;hipsareinandbuttonsareout.date—onotherhand—ontheother從上下文以及判斷，多半成功了改變他們服裝款式的企圖，即多年來，的服裝款式與服飾相it—themthegreatmajorityoflayon為習語，表示“規定（規則，原則，等Cultureingeneralisconcernedaboutbeliefsandvaluesonthebasisofwhichpeopeinterpretexperiencesandbehave,andingroups.Broadlyandsimplyputting,"culture"referstoagrouporcommunitywiththatyousharecommonexperiencesthatshapethewayhowyouunderstandtheworld.Cultureisthe"lens"throughwhichyouviewtheworld,itiscentraltowhatyousee,howyoumakesenseofwhatyousee,andhowyouexpress

Cultureisoftenattherootofcommunicationchallenges.Exploringhistoricalexperiencesandthewaysinwhichvariousculturalgroupshaverelatedtoeachotheriskeytoopenchannelsforcross-culturalcommunication. ingmorebewareofculturaldifferences,aswellasexploringculturalsimilarities,canhelpyoucomminicate

withtheothersmoreeffectively.Nexttimeyoufindyourselfaconfusingsituation,askyourselfhowculturemaybeshayourownreactions,andtrytoseetheworldfromtheother'spointofview.Anthropologistsdiscoveredthat,whenfacedbyinteractionthatwedonotunderstand,peopletendtointerprettheothersinvolvedas"abnorm