動詞的時態和語態【知識要點】I.動詞時態和語態的構成形式動詞do的時態、語態形式變化對照表主動語態被動語態一般現在時do(does)am(is,are)+done一般過去時didwas(were)+done一般將來時will(shall)dowillbe+done現在進行時am(isare)doingam(is,are)being+done過去進行時was(were)doingwas(were)being+done現在完成時have(has)donehave(has)been+done過去完成時haddonehadbeen+done過去將來時woulddowouldbe+done現在完成進行時have(has)beendoing沒有被動形式過去完成進行時Hadbeendoing沒有被動形式II.動詞時態的用法1.一般現在時=1\*GB3①一般現在時表示經常發生、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言，目前的特征、狀態、能力等;=2\*GB3②主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來;I’llgothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.=3\*GB3③在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數動詞的一般在時表示正在發生的動作;Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Therecomesthebus.汽車來了。Hereshecomes.她來了。注意：近幾年，對一般現在時的考查常用過去時態或現在完成時態對考生進行干擾Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrosstheopensea,which_____thePacific,andwemetnostorm.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled雖然航海發生在過去，但是，海洋的名稱不會因此而變化，所以要用一般現在時。2.現在進行時=1\*GB3①表示正在進行的動作；=2\*GB3②表示按計劃安排即將發生的動作。SheisleavingforBeijing.她要去北京。Heisworkingasateachertomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。=3\*GB3③代替一般現在時，描繪更加生動。TheChangjiangRiverisflowingintotheeast.江水滾滾向東流。Thesunisrisingintheeast.太陽從東方冉冉升起。=4\*GB3④與always,forever,constantly,continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩，但并非強調動作正在進行；Heisalwayshelpingothers.他總是肯幫助他人。Sheisalwaysforgettingsomething.她老是忘記某些事情。⑤大多數動詞可用于進行時，但也有些動詞不用于進行時。常見的有：▲感覺類：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear▲情感類：like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear▲心態類：wish,hope,expect,want,need,believe,think,understand,agree,knowt▲所有類：have,contain,won,hold,belongto等。3.現在完成時①表示過去發生的動作對現在產生的影響或結果，或說話時已完成的動作；Ihavefinishedthereport./Shehascleanedtheroom.②表示從過去開始，待續到現在的動作或狀態，往往和“for...”,“since...”表述的一段時間狀語連用；HehaslearnedEnglishforsixyears./Theyhaveworkedheresincetheyleftcollege.③表示“曾經到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/hasbeento”；表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/hasgoneto”。—WhereisLiHua?－Hehasgonetothereading-room.—SheknowsalotaboutShanghai.－Shehasbeenthere.④在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來某時已經完成的動作。WhenyouhavelearnedEnglish,youwillfinditabridgetosomuchknowledge.We’llstartatsixifithasstoppedrainingbythen.注意：這里的現在完成時強調從句動作在主句動作之前完成,如果兩個動作同時或幾乎同時發生,則不必用完成時；試比較：I’llletyouknowassoonasIhearfromher.Shewillcallyouwhenshegetshome.⑤短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等，在完成時態中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。要譯“他參軍已經三年了”不能說：Hehasjoinedthearmythreeyears.可采用：▲“ago法”：Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.▲“延續法”：Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.▲“since法”：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.注意：沒有包括“現在”在內或不是截至“現在”為止的時間狀語不能與現在完成時連用,但“in（over）thepast/last+時間段”要與現在完成時連用。4.現在完成進行時①用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在（或今后還要繼續一去）的動作；Hehasbeendoingthemathsproblemssince8:00.②凡是不能用于現在進行時的動詞均不能用于現成完成進行時。5.一般過去時①表達特定的過去時間內發生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內經常發生或反復發生的動作或為；Heoftensangwhenhewasaboy.Hewenttothecinemalastnightwithherboyfriend.②用于Ididn’tknow…或Iforgot…，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現在已知道或記得的事情。用于Ididn’tknow…或Iforgot…，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現在已知道或記得的事情。Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.（現在已經知道）Sorry,Iforgottobringmybook.（“忘記帶書”已成為過去的事了）這一用法考生要特別注意。注意：參看過去將來時的用法②。6.過去進行時①表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）；Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.②表示動作在另一過去動作發生時進行；TheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.③用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發生；IwaswritingwhilehewaswatchingTV.④過去計劃、安排好的將來動作(只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,travel,stay等）；Hesaidshewasarrivingthenextday.⑤與always,forever,constantly,continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。（參看現在進行時的用法④）ComradeLeiFengwasalwaysthinkingofothersneverthinkingofhimself.⑥過去進行時可用來描繪故事發行的背景。Thewindwasblowinganditwasraininghard.7.過去完成時①表示在過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作。Hehadshutthedoorbeforethedogcameup.Everythinghadbeenallrightuptillthismorning.②表示動作或狀態從過去某個時刻開始一直延續到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續下去。Attheageoften,hehadlearned500Englishwords.Hehadbeenillforaweekwhenwelearnedaboutit.③過去未曾實現的意圖、打算或希望(只限于think,want,plan,mean,intend,hope,expect,suppose，wish,want等動詞）。Ihadwantedtopayavisittoyouyesterday,buttherainpreventedme.我本來想昨天拜訪你的，但是下雨（讓我不能來）。注意：▲過去完成時必須以過去某一時刻為基點，即“過去的過去”。因此只有在和過去某時或某動作相比較時才用到它；▲before,after本身表示時間的“前”“后”明顯，因此可用一般過去時代替過去完成時。He(had)leftbeforeIarrived.8.一般將來時一般將來時有下列一些構成形式需要記住：▲will/shalldo（側重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事）▲begoingtodo(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發生)▲bedoing(按計劃將要發生，常和表示最近的將來時間連用)▲beabouttodo(按計劃即將發生)一般將來時的用法：①現在看來以后要發生的動作或存在的狀態Tomwillcomenextweek.Hewillbeheretomorrow.②事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢Oilwillfloatinwater.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.③對將來某個動作的安排、計劃HeisgoingtospeakonTVthisevening.9.將來完成時用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時間狀語連用。WewillhavefinishedseniorBook2bytheendofthisterm.10.過去將來時①過去某一時刻后將要發生的過去動作或過去的意圖打算(主要用于賓語從句中）；Shewassureshewouldsucceed.Ithoughtyouwouldcome.把一般將來時中的助動詞變成過去式，便成了過去將來時的表達形式。②表示過去經常發生的動作。Whenhewasyoung,hewouldgoswimming注意：would與usedto的區別：would只表示過去，不涉及現在，而usedto表示“過去常常”要與現在比較，即現在不是這樣了。11.要求一定時態的固定的句型①was/weredoingsth.when…didsth.(正在做某事，這時突然……)Iwasreadingabookwhenthebellrang.②was/wereabouttodosth.when…didsth.(正要做某事，這時突然……)Wewereabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.③It(This)is(willbe)thefirst/second/third…time+that…It’sthefirsttimethatI’veseenher.Wehavebeentherethreetimes.動詞時態練習一、填空1、I’llgivethebooktohimassoonashe________back.(come)

2、Hasthebaby________cryingyet?(stop)

3、Idon’tknowwhetherMother

__________metoBeijingnextmonth.(take)

4、She_______onhercoatandwentout.(put)

5、“Whataretheydoing?”

“They

__________readyforthesportsmeeting.”(get)

6、Theboyaskedhismother________himgoandplaybasketball.(let)

7、I’msorrytokeepyou____________foralongtime.(wait)

8、It________(take)himhalfanhour

_______(finish)hishomeworkyesterday.

9、Ifit________aninterestingfilm,we’llseeittomorrow.(be)

10、Theyusually________(do)theirhomeworkaftersupper.

11、Listen!Who_____________(sing)inthenextroomnow?

12、__________(be)yourparentsinShanghailastyear?

13、Mr.Yu_____________(teach)usmathssince1982.

14、TheywillhaveatriptotheGreatWallifit_________(notrain)tomorrow.

15、LiMingoften_________(listen)totheradiointhemorning.

16、A:“Father,mayIgooutandplayfootball?”B:“_____you____(do)yourhomework?”

17、Allthepeopleinthetownareglad______(hear)thatafamousmusician

___aconcertthisSaturdayevening.(give)

18、Ourteachertoldusifit_____(notsnow)wewouldvisittheScienceMuseumthenextday.

19、Theyoften

_______(play)footballintheafternoon.

20、A:What’reyoudoingDad?B:I

_______

(mend)theradio.21、Let’s_______(carry)theboxestothehouse.

22、Yesterdayshe______

(want)verymuchtoseethefilm,butshecouldn’t

__(get)aticket.

23、I_________(write)toyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.

24、Mike___________(visit)severalplacessincehecametoBeijing.

25、He___________(write)fourletterstohiswifeeverymonth.

26、Don’tmakeanynoise,Grandma

___________

(sleep).

27、Hisaunt___________(do)somecookingwhenhecamein.

28、Whenthey

___________

(reach)thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.

29、There

___________

(be)ameetingnextMonday.

30、We___________(know)eachothersinceourboyhood..

31、Sometimesmyfather___________(come)backhomelate.

32、They___________(have)anEnglisheveningnextweek.

33、I’mveryglad___________(hear)that.

34、WeiFangisn’there.She___________(go)tothereading-room.

35、Thestory___________(happen)longago.

36、They___________(visit)theHistoryMuseumlastweek.

37、ZhangHong___________(make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.

38、She___________(go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrowevening39、Stayhere,bag.Don’tgoout.It___________(rain)now.

40、LiPing___________(write)acompositioneveryweek.

41、Thescientist___________(give)usatalkyesterday.

42、Myparents___________(live)inBeijingsince1949.

43、Look!Theyoungworker___________(show)thestudentsaroundthefactorynow.

44、They___________(build)anewbridgeovertherivernextyear.

45、Thestudents___________(clean)theirclassroomtomorrow.46、Thewindowsofourlab___________(clean)onceaweek.

47、Ourteacher___________(join)thepartytwentyyearsago.

48、Theboys___________(have)abasketballmatchnow.Let’s___(go)and_____(watch).

49、She___________(work)inthisfactoryfortenyears.

50、“Whatmakesyou___________(think)I’mafarmer?”theFrenchmanasked.二、單項選擇1.—MayIhaveawordwithMissAnna?—Sorry,she____toherfriendonthephone.A.istalkingB.hastalkedC.talkedD.talks2.WhenNancywasatcollege,she____threeforeignlanguages,butIamsurprisedtofindthatshe____allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.hadspoken;hadforgottenC.spoke;hasforgottenD.hadspoken;hasforgotten3.BytheendofnextJulythisbuilding____.A.willbecompletedB.willhavecompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted4.—Hurry,Mary!You____onthephone.—Oh,I____.Thankyou,Mom.A.havewanted;havecomeB.willbewanted;willcomeC.arebeingwanted;comeD.arewanted;amcoming24.—HasWilliamfinishedwritinghisgraduationpaperyet?—Idon’tknowexactly,buthe____allday.A.iswritingB.hasbeenwritingC.waswritingD.wrote6.—WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyouyesterdayevening?—I____justfinishedmyhomeworkandI____towatchTV.A.have;amgoingB.have;wasgoingC.had;wasgoingD.had;amgoing7.We____dinneratseveno’clockwhenCCTV____tobroadcastnews.A.arehaving;willstartB.willbehaving;startsC.have;willstartD.willhavehad;starts8.—WhereareJackandMike?—They____thefurnitureyouaskedforintothehouse.A.havebeencarryingB.carriedC.havebeencarriedD.werecarried9.ProfessorHaleytoldmethathe____bymanyofhisstudentsattherailwaystation.A.hadbeenseenoffB.havebeenseenoffC.hadseenoffD.haveseenoff10.Aswestoodonthetopofthehill,wecouldseethebeautifulscenethat____beforeus.A.hadspreadB.hasspreadC.spreadD.spreads11.Anorderhascomethatthepoliceshouldfindoutwherethethief____.A.hidesB.washidingC.hidingD.ishidden12.—Youmustbesurprisedandexcitedtoseethefilmstarhere.—You’reright.____.A.Idon’texpecttoseeherhereB.Ididn’texpecttoseeherhereC.IamexpectingtoseeherhereD.Iexpectedtoseeherhere13.Mr.Hamfeltthathehimself,ratherthanAliceandLisa,____forthecoldnessthathadgrownbetweenthem.A.weretoblameB.wastobeblamedC.weretobeblamedD.wastoblame14.—Whatelsedidyoudothismorningbesidesdoingtheshopping?—Twohours____washingthewindowsandfloor.A.weretakenB.wasspentC.hastakenD.willbespent15.I’mgladyou’vecome,MissRose;I____you,butyou’vesavedmethetroublenow.A.amgoingtocallB.wasabouttocallC.hadcalledD.amtocall16.Didyoutellmethatthere____anEnglishtestthenextweek?A.wouldbeB.willbeC.isD.were17.—Didyoumeetthepianistatthestation?—No,he____bythetimeI____there.A.hadleft;gotB.hasleft;reachedC.wasleaving;gotD.left;hadgot18.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetothatpartyoftheirs,but____.A.I’mnotinvitedB.IhavenotbeeninvitedC.IwasnotinvitedD.Ihadnotbeeninvited19.—Howistheboy?—Sorry.He____thoughthedoctormadeeveryefforttosavehim.A.diedB.wasdeadC.haddiedD.hasbeendead20.—Bobmustbewealthy.—Yes,he____moreinonedaythanIdoinaweek.A.isearningB.earnsC.hadearnedD.hasearned21.Youcancertainlyleavet