SpecialityEnglishforChemistry

—ChemistryandSocietyXianxiZhangTel.:8230680Email:zhangxianxi@SpecialityEnglishforChemist1TextbookTextbook2FeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryCompositionsofthefinalscoresIntroductiontoSpecialityEnglishforChemistryFeaturesofSpecialityEnglish3LotsofspecializedwordsinvolvedLotsofEnglishpaperstoreadWriteEnglishpapersListeningandspeakingabilitytocommunicatewithothersFeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryLotsofspecializedwordsinvo4EnhanceEnglishabilitiesthroughtranslationsMasterspecializedwordsduringreadingEnglishpapersWritingpracticeSpeakingpracticeFastreadingpracticeStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryEnhanceEnglishabilitiesthro5Classperformance:20scoresFinalexamination:80scoresCompositionsofthefinalscoresClassperformance:20scoresCo6Chemistryissuchabroad,all-encompassingareaofstudythatpeoplealmostdespairintryingtodefineit.Chapter1WhatisChemistry化學是一個如此廣泛的、涵蓋一切的學科領域，以至于人們在嘗試給它下定義時幾乎絕望了。encompass:[in’k?mp?s],vt.包圍，環繞despair:[dis’p??],n.&vi.絕望，失望Chemistryissuchabr7Indeed,somehavetakenacop-outapproachbydefiningchemistryas“whatchemistsdo”.Butthatwon’tdo;it’smuchtoonarrowaview.事實上，有些人采取一種逃避的辦法，把化學定義為“化學家們所做的”。但是那行不通，它的視野范圍太狹窄了。cop-out:[‘k?paut]逃避Indeed,somehavetakenacop-8Chemistryiswealldo.Webathe,clean,andcook.Weputchemicalsonourfaces,hands,andhair.我們每個人的活動都牽涉到化學。我們洗浴、做清潔、烹調食物。我們把一些化學制品用在臉上、手上和頭發上。Chemistryiswealldo.We9Collectively,weusetensofthousandsofconsumerchemicalproductsinourhomes.總起來說，我們在家庭中使用成千上萬種消費化學品。Collectively,weusetensoft10Professionalsinthehealthandlifesciencesusethousandsofadditionalchemicalsasdrugs,antiseptics,orreagentsfordiagnostictests.保健和生命科學的專家們用各種各樣的化學品作為藥物、殺菌劑或診斷測試的試劑。antiseptic:[,?nti’septik]adj.防腐的,殺菌的n.防腐劑，殺菌劑reagent:[ri(:)’eid??nt]n.反應物,試劑diagnostic:[,dai?ɡ’n?stik]adj.診斷的,判斷的Professionalsinthehealthan11Yourbodyitselfisaremarkablechemicalfactory.Youeatandbreathe,takinginrawmaterialsforthefactory.Youconvertthesesuppliesintoanunbelievablearrayofproducts,someincrediblycomplex.你的身體本身就是一個不同尋常的化工廠。你通過飲食和呼吸為這個工廠攝入原材料。你把這些供給轉化成多得令人難以置信的產物，有些復雜得不可思議。array:[?’rei]n.陣列,一大批,大量incredible:[in’kred?bl]adj.難以置信的;可疑的Yourbodyitselfisarema12Thischemicalfactory--yourbodyalsogeneratesitsownenergy.Itdetectsitsownmalfunctionsandcanregenerateandrepairsomeofitscomponentparts.你的身體這個化工廠也產生它自己的能量。它發現自己的故障，并能夠再生和修復它的一些零部件。malfunction:[m?l’f??k??n]n.故障,障礙Thischemicalfactory--yo13Itsenseschangesinitsenvironmentandadaptstothesechanges.Withtheaidofaneighboringfacility,thisfabulousfactorycancreateotherfactoriesmuchlikeitself.它察覺環境中的變化并適應這些變化。在鄰近設施的幫助下，這個神奇的工廠能夠創造跟它自身非常相像的另外的工廠。fabulous:[‘f?bjul?s]adj.寓言般的,難以置信的,神奇的Itsenseschangesinitse14Everythingyoudoinvolveschemistry.Youreadthissentence,lightenergyisconvertedtochemicalenergy.Youthink,proteinmoleculesaresynthesizedandstoredinyourbrain.Allofusdochemistry.你所作的一切都牽涉到化學。你閱讀這個句子，光能轉化成了化學能。你思考，一些蛋白質分子就被合成并儲存在你的大腦中。我們所有人都在從事化學。Everythingyoudoinvolves15Chemistryaffectssocietyaswellasindividuals.Chemistryisthelanguageandtheprincipaltoolofthebiologicalsciences,thehealthsciences,andtheagriculturalandearthsciences.化學對社會和個人都有影響?；瘜W是生物學、保健科學、農業科學和地球科學的語言和基本工具。Chemistryaffectssociety16Chemistryhasilluminatedtheentirenaturalworld;fromthetinyatomicnucleustotheimmensecosmos.從微小的原子核到無垠的宇宙，化學給整個自然界以啟迪。illuminate:[I’lju:mineit]vt.照亮;闡明;啟迪nucleus:[‘nju:kli?s]n.(原子)核immense:[i’mens]adj.極大的,巨大的cosmos:[‘k?zm?s]n.宇宙Chemistryhasilluminated17Webelievethatknowledgeofchemistrycanhelpyou.Chemistrycanberelatedimmediatelytoproblemsandopportunitiesinthelifeandhealthsciences.我們相信化學知識能夠幫助你?；瘜W能夠直接與生命和保健科學中的問題和機會聯系起來。Webelievethatknowledge18Andwebelievethatthiscanmakethestudyofchemistryinterestingandexciting,especiallytonochemists.我們也相信這會使化學的學習變得有趣和激動人心，特別是對非化學工作者。Andwebelievethatthisc19Forexample,an“ion”ismorethanachemicalabstraction.Enoughmercuryionsinthewrongplacecankillyou,buttherightnumberofcalciumionsintherightplacecankeepyoufrombleedingtodeath.

例如，“離子”不只是一個化學概念。足量的汞離子在不合適的地方會致人死命，而適量的鈣離子在合適的地方卻能夠使人避免因流血過多而死。ion:[‘ai?n]n.離子mercury:[‘m?:kjuri]n.汞,水銀calcium:[‘k?lsi?m]n.鈣Forexample,an“ion”ism20“pV=nRT”isanequation,butitisalsothebasisfortherespiratorytherapythathassaveduntoldlivesinhospitals.“pV=nRT”是一個方程式，但它也是在醫院中挽救無數生命的呼吸療法的基礎。respiratory:[ris’pai?r?t?ri]adj.呼吸的,呼吸用的therapy:[‘θer?pi]n.療法“pV=nRT”isanequatio21“Hydrogenbonding”isachemicalphenomenon,butitalsohelpstoaccountforthefactthatadoghaspuppieswhileacathaskittensandahumanhashumanbabies.“氫鍵”是一個化學現象，但它還有助于說明一些事實的原因，比如狗生出的后代是小狗、貓生出的后代是小貓，而人類生出的后代仍然是人類。puppy:[‘p?pi]n.小狗,幼犬kitten:[‘kitn]n.小貓“Hydrogenbonding”isach22Therearehundredsofsimilarfundamentalandinterestingapplicationsofchemistrytolife.化學在生活中還有許許多多類似的重要而又有趣的應用。Therearehundredsofsimi23Knowledgeofchemistryhasalreadyhadaprofoundeffectonthequalityoflife.Itsimpactonthefuturewillbeevenmoredramatic.化學知識已經對生活質量產生了深遠的影響。它對未來的影響將會更加激動人心。profound:[pr?’faund]adj.深度的;深切的;深遠的dramatic:[dr?’m?tik]adj.戲劇性的,激動人心的Knowledgeofchemistryhas24Atpresentwecancontroldiabetes,curesomeformsofcancer,andpreventsomeformsofmentalretardationbecauseofourunderstandingofthechemistryofthebody.因為我們對身體中與化學相關問題有所了解，目前，我們能控制糖尿病，治療一些癌癥并能預防某些智力缺陷癥。diabetes:[,dai?’bi:ti:z],n.糖尿病retardation:[,ri:tɑ:’dei??n],n.延遲Atpresentwecancontrol25Wecan’tcurediabetesorcureallformsofcancerorallmentalretardation,becauseourknowledgeisstilllimited.由于我們的知識仍然有限，所以我們不能治愈糖尿病、所有癌癥或智力缺陷。Wecan’tcurediabetesor26Solearnasmuchasyoucan.Yourworkwillbeenhancedandyourlifeenrichedbyyourgreaterunderstanding.所以盡可能多地學習吧。隨著你認識的更多，你的工作會更加進步，你的生活也會更加豐富多彩。Solearnasmuchasyouca27Beprepared.Somethinggoodmighthappentoyouandtoothersbecauseofyou。做好準備吧。在你和其他人身上也許會有一些好事因你而發生。Beprepared.Somethinggoo28Appendix2SIUnitsPhysicalQuantityNameofUnitsSymbolLengthmetermMasskilogramkgTimesecondsTemperatureKelvinKAmountofsubstancemolemolElectriccurrentAmpereALuminousintensitycandelacdSIFundamentalUnitsAppendix2SIUnitsPhysicalQ29TraditionalMetricandSIPrefixesFactorPrefixSymbolFactorPrefixSymbol1012teraT10-2centic109gigaG10-3millim106megaM10-6microμ103kilok10-9nanon102hectoh10-12picop101dekada10-15femtof10-1decid10-18attoaTraditionalMetricandSIPref30

DerivatedSIUnitsPhysicalQuantityNameofUnitSymbolDefinitionAreaSquaremeterm2VolumeCubicmeterm3DensityKilogrampercubicmeterkg·m-3ForceNewtonNkg·m·s-2PressurePascalPaN·m-2EnergyJouleJkg·m2·s-2ElectricquantityCoulombCAsElectricpotentialdifferenceVoltVJ/(As)DerivatedSIUnitsPhysicalQu31HomeworkPrepareanintroductionofyourselfFastreadpracticeofthecurrenttextPrepareforthenexttext1-5GreenChemistryHomeworkPrepareanintroductio32SpecialityEnglishforChemistry

—ChemistryandSocietyXianxiZhangTel.:8230680Email:zhangxianxi@SpecialityEnglishforChemist33TextbookTextbook34FeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryCompositionsofthefinalscoresIntroductiontoSpecialityEnglishforChemistryFeaturesofSpecialityEnglish35LotsofspecializedwordsinvolvedLotsofEnglishpaperstoreadWriteEnglishpapersListeningandspeakingabilitytocommunicatewithothersFeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryLotsofspecializedwordsinvo36EnhanceEnglishabilitiesthroughtranslationsMasterspecializedwordsduringreadingEnglishpapersWritingpracticeSpeakingpracticeFastreadingpracticeStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryEnhanceEnglishabilitiesthro37Classperformance:20scoresFinalexamination:80scoresCompositionsofthefinalscoresClassperformance:20scoresCo38Chemistryissuchabroad,all-encompassingareaofstudythatpeoplealmostdespairintryingtodefineit.Chapter1WhatisChemistry化學是一個如此廣泛的、涵蓋一切的學科領域，以至于人們在嘗試給它下定義時幾乎絕望了。encompass:[in’k?mp?s],vt.包圍，環繞despair:[dis’p??],n.&vi.絕望，失望Chemistryissuchabr39Indeed,somehavetakenacop-outapproachbydefiningchemistryas“whatchemistsdo”.Butthatwon’tdo;it’smuchtoonarrowaview.事實上，有些人采取一種逃避的辦法，把化學定義為“化學家們所做的”。但是那行不通，它的視野范圍太狹窄了。cop-out:[‘k?paut]逃避Indeed,somehavetakenacop-40Chemistryiswealldo.Webathe,clean,andcook.Weputchemicalsonourfaces,hands,andhair.我們每個人的活動都牽涉到化學。我們洗浴、做清潔、烹調食物。我們把一些化學制品用在臉上、手上和頭發上。Chemistryiswealldo.We41Collectively,weusetensofthousandsofconsumerchemicalproductsinourhomes.總起來說，我們在家庭中使用成千上萬種消費化學品。Collectively,weusetensoft42Professionalsinthehealthandlifesciencesusethousandsofadditionalchemicalsasdrugs,antiseptics,orreagentsfordiagnostictests.保健和生命科學的專家們用各種各樣的化學品作為藥物、殺菌劑或診斷測試的試劑。antiseptic:[,?nti’septik]adj.防腐的,殺菌的n.防腐劑，殺菌劑reagent:[ri(:)’eid??nt]n.反應物,試劑diagnostic:[,dai?ɡ’n?stik]adj.診斷的,判斷的Professionalsinthehealthan43Yourbodyitselfisaremarkablechemicalfactory.Youeatandbreathe,takinginrawmaterialsforthefactory.Youconvertthesesuppliesintoanunbelievablearrayofproducts,someincrediblycomplex.你的身體本身就是一個不同尋常的化工廠。你通過飲食和呼吸為這個工廠攝入原材料。你把這些供給轉化成多得令人難以置信的產物，有些復雜得不可思議。array:[?’rei]n.陣列,一大批,大量incredible:[in’kred?bl]adj.難以置信的;可疑的Yourbodyitselfisarema44Thischemicalfactory--yourbodyalsogeneratesitsownenergy.Itdetectsitsownmalfunctionsandcanregenerateandrepairsomeofitscomponentparts.你的身體這個化工廠也產生它自己的能量。它發現自己的故障，并能夠再生和修復它的一些零部件。malfunction:[m?l’f??k??n]n.故障,障礙Thischemicalfactory--yo45Itsenseschangesinitsenvironmentandadaptstothesechanges.Withtheaidofaneighboringfacility,thisfabulousfactorycancreateotherfactoriesmuchlikeitself.它察覺環境中的變化并適應這些變化。在鄰近設施的幫助下，這個神奇的工廠能夠創造跟它自身非常相像的另外的工廠。fabulous:[‘f?bjul?s]adj.寓言般的,難以置信的,神奇的Itsenseschangesinitse46Everythingyoudoinvolveschemistry.Youreadthissentence,lightenergyisconvertedtochemicalenergy.Youthink,proteinmoleculesaresynthesizedandstoredinyourbrain.Allofusdochemistry.你所作的一切都牽涉到化學。你閱讀這個句子，光能轉化成了化學能。你思考，一些蛋白質分子就被合成并儲存在你的大腦中。我們所有人都在從事化學。Everythingyoudoinvolves47Chemistryaffectssocietyaswellasindividuals.Chemistryisthelanguageandtheprincipaltoolofthebiologicalsciences,thehealthsciences,andtheagriculturalandearthsciences.化學對社會和個人都有影響?；瘜W是生物學、保健科學、農業科學和地球科學的語言和基本工具。Chemistryaffectssociety48Chemistryhasilluminatedtheentirenaturalworld;fromthetinyatomicnucleustotheimmensecosmos.從微小的原子核到無垠的宇宙，化學給整個自然界以啟迪。illuminate:[I’lju:mineit]vt.照亮;闡明;啟迪nucleus:[‘nju:kli?s]n.(原子)核immense:[i’mens]adj.極大的,巨大的cosmos:[‘k?zm?s]n.宇宙Chemistryhasilluminated49Webelievethatknowledgeofchemistrycanhelpyou.Chemistrycanberelatedimmediatelytoproblemsandopportunitiesinthelifeandhealthsciences.我們相信化學知識能夠幫助你。化學能夠直接與生命和保健科學中的問題和機會聯系起來。Webelievethatknowledge50Andwebelievethatthiscanmakethestudyofchemistryinterestingandexciting,especiallytonochemists.我們也相信這會使化學的學習變得有趣和激動人心，特別是對非化學工作者。Andwebelievethatthisc51Forexample,an“ion”ismorethanachemicalabstraction.Enoughmercuryionsinthewrongplacecankillyou,buttherightnumberofcalciumionsintherightplacecankeepyoufrombleedingtodeath.

例如，“離子”不只是一個化學概念。足量的汞離子在不合適的地方會致人死命，而適量的鈣離子在合適的地方卻能夠使人避免因流血過多而死。ion:[‘ai?n]n.離子mercury:[‘m?:kjuri]n.汞,水銀calcium:[‘k?lsi?m]n.鈣Forexample,an“ion”ism52“pV=nRT”isanequation,butitisalsothebasisfortherespiratorytherapythathassaveduntoldlivesinhospitals.“pV=nRT”是一個方程式，但它也是在醫院中挽救無數生命的呼吸療法的基礎。respiratory:[ris’pai?r?t?ri]adj.呼吸的,呼吸用的therapy:[‘θer?pi]n.療法“pV=nRT”isanequatio53“Hydrogenbonding”isachemicalphenomenon,butitalsohelpstoaccountforthefactthatadoghaspuppieswhileacathaskittensandahumanhashumanbabies.“氫鍵”是一個化學現象，但它還有助于說明一些事實的原因，比如狗生出的后代是小狗、貓生出的后代是小貓，而人類生出的后代仍然是人類。puppy:[‘p?pi]n.小狗,幼犬kitten:[‘kitn]n.小貓“Hydrogenbonding”isach54Therearehundredsofsimilarfundamentalandinterestingapplicationsofchemistrytolife.化學在生活中還有許許多多類似的重要而又有趣的應用。Therearehundredsofsimi55Knowledgeofchemistryhasalreadyhadaprofoundeffectonthequalityoflife.Itsimpactonthefuturewillbeevenmoredramatic.化學知識已經對生活質量產生了深遠的影響。它對未來的影響將會更加激動人心。profound:[pr?’faund]adj.深度的;深切的;深遠的dramatic:[dr?’m?tik]adj.戲劇性的,激動人心的Knowledgeofchemistryhas56Atpresentwecancontroldiabetes,curesomeformsofcancer,andpreventsomeformsofmentalretardationbecauseofourunderstandingofthechemistryofthebody.因為我們對身體中與化學相關問題有所了解，目前，我們能控制糖尿病，治療一些癌癥并能預防某些智力缺陷癥。diabetes:[,dai?’bi:ti:z],n.糖尿病retardation:[,ri:tɑ:’dei??n],n.延遲Atpresentwecancontrol57Wecan’tcurediabetesorcureallf