書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津機電職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheGrand______intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometerswideatitsmaximum.

問題1選項

A.Canyon

B.Ford

C.Abyss

D.Quarry

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Canyon大峽谷B.Ford淺灘

C.Abyss深淵，無底洞D.Quarry采石場

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometerswide（在美國，它深1900米，寬25公里）”可知，句子前半部分涉及的是峽谷，巖壁一類的，而固定搭配“theGrandCanyon”可表示美國的科羅拉多大峽谷，因此本題正確答案為A選項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項都不符合語義邏輯。

【句意】美國大峽谷深1900米，最寬25公里。

2.單選題

Mybrother’splansare______;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

問題1選項

A.arbitrary

B.ambitious

C.aggressive

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.arbitrary任意的；武斷的B.ambitious有野心的；有雄心的

C.aggressive好斗的；挑釁的D.abundant大量的；豐盛的

【答案】B

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句的句意“他想在16歲之前掌握英語、法語和西班牙語”可得知，他的計劃是雄心勃勃的，故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】我哥哥的計劃雄心勃勃；他想在16歲之前掌握英語、法語和西班牙語。

3.翻譯題

PartI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese（25分）

WhenIemphasizethedifferencebetweenlawandmoralsIdosowithreferencetoasingleend,thatoflearningandunderstandingthelaw.Forthatpurposeyoumustdefinitelymasteritsspecificmarks,anditisforthatthatIaskyouforthemomenttoimagineyourselvesindifferenttootherandgreaterthings.

【答案】在我強調(diào)法律與道德之區(qū)別的時候，我只有一個目的，那就是學習并領(lǐng)會法律。為了這個目的，你們必須明確地掌握法律特定的標識，也為了同樣的目的，我請你們暫時想象你們自己并不關(guān)心其他更重要的事情。

4.單選題

Themoreanation'scompanies（）factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry'srecordedexportswillbe.

問題1選項

A.lie

B.locate

C.spot

D.stand

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一個國家的企業(yè)在海外設(shè)廠越多，該國的出口記錄就會越小。locate為及物動詞，符合句意。其他選項做及物動詞時都和位置沒有關(guān)系。

5.單選題

Sherefusedtodisclosewhathadbeentoldher,onthe_______thatitwouldbeabreachoffaith.

問題1選項

A.reason

B.accounts

C.terms

D.grounds

【答案】C

【解析】onthetermsthat為固定搭配,是關(guān)于,因為的意思。句意：她拒絕透露別人告訴她的情況,因為這將違背誓言。所以本題選C。

6.單選題

Astatelessyoungmanmayhavefeltintimidatedafterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries.

問題1選項

A.unsafe

B.initiated

C.intrigued

D.credulous

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.unsafe不安全的；危險的B.initiated使開始；發(fā)起

C.intrigued很感興趣的；著迷的D.credulous輕信的；易受騙的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息afterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries（在被許多國家拒絕庇護和夜間居住后）可知，feltintimidated表示的是“感覺到害怕”，intimidated表示的是“害怕”的意思，A項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】一個無國籍的年輕人在被許多國家拒絕庇護和夜間居住后可能會感到害怕。

7.單選題

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare（

）off.

問題1選項

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.screened

D.separated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。avoid“避免，避開”；exclude“排除，不包括”；screen“篩，拍攝，放映”；separate“分開，隔開”。句意：不同種類的宇宙線從外太空穿透空氣，但是大量的太陽輻射都被阻擋了。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

AstoutoldladywaswalkingwithherbasketdownthemiddleofastreetinPetrogradtothegreatconfusionofthetrafficandwithnosmallperiltoherself.Itwaspointedouttoherthatthepavementwastheplaceforpedestrians,butshereplied,“I’mgoingtowalkwhereIlike.We’vegotlibertynow.”Itdidnotoccurtothedearoldladythatiflibertyentitledthepedestriantowalkdownthemiddleoftheroad,thentheendofsuchlibertywouldbeuniversalchaos.Everybodywouldbegettingineverybodyelse’swayandnobodywouldgetanywhere.Individuallibertywouldhavebecomesocialanarchy.

Thereisadangeroftheworldgettingliberty—drunkinthesedaysliketheoldladywiththebasket,anditisjustaswelltoremindourselvesofwhattheruleoftheroadmeans.Itmeansthatinorderthatthelibertiesofallmaybepreserved,thelibertiesofeverybodymustbecurtailed.Whenthepoliceman,say,atPiccadillyCircusstepsintothemiddleoftheroadandputsouthishand,heisthesymbolnotoftyranny,butofliberty.Youmaynotthinkso.Youmay,beinginahurry,andseeingyourcarpulledupbythisinsolenceofoffice,feelthatyourlibertyhasbeenoutraged.Howdarethisfellowinterferewithyourfreeuseofthepublichighway?Then,ifyouareareasonableperson,youwillreflectthatifhedidnotinterferewithyou,hewouldinterferewithnoone,andtheresultwouldbethatPiccadillyCircuswouldbeamaelstromthatyouwouldnevercrossatall.Youhavesubmittedtoacurtailmentofprivatelibertyinorderthatyoumayenjoyasocialorderwhichmakesyourlibertyareality.

Libertyisnotapersonalaffaironly,butasocialcontract.Itisanaccommodationofinterests.Inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike.IfIchoosetogodowntheroadinadressing-gownwhoshallsaymenay?Youhavelibertytolaughatme,butIhavelibertytobeindifferenttoyou.AndifIhaveafancyfordyeingmyhair,orwaxingmymoustache(whichheavenforbid),orwearinganovercoatandsandals,orgoingtobedlateorgettingupearly,Ishallfollowmyfancyandasknoman’spermission.IshallnotinquireofyouwhetherImayeatmustardwithmymutton.Andyouwillnotaskmewhetheryoumayfollowthisreligionorthat,whetheryoumaypreferEllaWheelerWilcoxtoWordsworth,orchampagnetoshandy.

InalltheseandathousandotherdetailsyouandIpleaseourselvesandasknoone’sleave.Wehaveawholekingdominwhichwerulealone,candowhatwechoose,bewiseorridiculous,harshoreasy,conventionalorodd.Butdirectlywestepoutofthatkingdom,ourpersonallibertyofactionbecomesqualifiedbyotherpeople’sliberty.Imightliketopracticeonthetrombonefrommidnighttillthreeinthemorning.IfIwentontothetopofEveresttodoit,Icouldpleasemyself,butifIdoitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andifIdoitoutinthestreetstheneighborswillremindmethatmylibertytoblowthetrombonemustnotinterferewiththeirlibertytosleepinquiet.Therearealotofpeopleintheworld,andIhavetoaccommodatemylibertytotheirliberties.

Weareallliabletoforgetthis,andunfortunatelywearemuchmoreconsciousoftheimperfectionsofothersinthisrespectthanofourown.Areasonableconsiderationfortherightsorfeelingsofothersisthefoundationofsocialconduct.Itisinthesmallmattersofconduct,intheobservanceoftheruleoftheroad,thatwepassjudgmentuponourselves,anddeclarethatwearecivilizedoruncivilized.Thegreatmomentsofheroismandsacrificearerare.Itisthelittlehabitsofcommonplaceintercoursethatmakeupthegreatsumoflifeandsweetenormakebitterthejourney.

1.Theauthormighthavestatedhis“ruleoftheroad”as（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetotheoldladyinParagraph1is（）.

3.Asituationanalogoustothe“insolenceofoffice”describedinParagraph2wouldbe（）.

4.Theauthorassumesthathemaybeasfreeashelikesin（）.

5.Inthesentence“Weareallliable...”theauthoris（）.

問題1選項

A.donotwalkinthemiddleoftheroad

B.followtheordersofpolicemen

C.donotbehaveinconsideratelyinpublic

D.dowhatyoulikeinprivate

問題2選項

A.condescending

B.intolerant

C.objective

D.supportive

問題3選項

A.ateachercorrectinggrammarerrors

B.aneditorshorteningthetextofanarticle

C.ataxinspectordemandingtoseesomeone’saccounts

D.anarmyofficegivingorderstoasoldier

問題4選項

A.allmattersofdressandfood

B.anysituationwhichdoesnotinterferewiththelibertyofothers

C.anythingthatisnotagainstthelaw

D.hisownhome

問題5選項

A.pointingoutageneralweakness

B.emphasizinghismainpoint

C.counteringageneralmisconception

D.suggestingaremedy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:ruleoftheroad出現(xiàn)在文章的第二段第一句話的后半句，作者在第一段中舉了老太太不走人行道過馬路這個例子來說明當時的社會風氣。作者的觀點是要懂得在公共場合體諒他人。選項C符合題意。

第2題:作者對老太太過馬路不遵守交通規(guī)則持反對態(tài)度，認為她只顧自己的絕對自由而不管他人，所以選項B符合題意。

第3題:insolenceofoffice指的是前面提到的警察指揮交通，這種行為看似侵害到了個人自由，選項C“稅務(wù)檢察院檢查某人的賬目”與之相似，選項C符合題意。

第4題:文章第三段第二句話inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike提到絕對自由的前提是不要妨礙他人的自由，所以選項B符合題意。

第5題:句子位于文章最后一段第一句話，這個句子中的this指代上文提到的不應(yīng)該妨礙他人的自由，人們很容易忘記這一點，人們?nèi)菀卓吹絼e人的缺陷。作者指出人們都有這個缺點，選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Alandscapearchitectmustbefamiliarwithmathematics,science,engineering,art,andtechnology.Hemustalsobe（）atdealingwithpoliticians,publicinterestgroupsandgovernmentagencies.

問題1選項

A.enthusiastic

B.reluctant

C.adapt

D.adept

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。beenthusiasticabout“熱衷于”；bereluctantto“不情愿”；adapt“使適應(yīng)，改編”；adept“熟練的，擅長”。句意：景觀設(shè)計師必須熟悉數(shù)學、科學、工程、藝術(shù)和技術(shù)。他還必須擅長應(yīng)付政治家、公共利益團體和政府機關(guān)。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

FirefighterswerenotattackingthemajorfiresinVirginiadirectlybutwereputtingouthotspotsthatcouldprovedangerousifwinds().

問題1選項

A.pickedup

B.pickedout

C.pickedthrough

D.pickedin

【答案】A

【解析】pickup撿起，獲得，收拾；pickout挑選出；pick不與through和in搭配。句意：消防隊員沒有直接撲滅維吉尼亞州的大火，而是正在撲滅一些如果被風吹到可能會變得很危險的熱點地區(qū)。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch"“captive”"shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.Itisatheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail."“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace”"asksMar-tinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehiswitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Whoisgoingtopayfortherestofthebill.Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

1.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause___________.

2.Whatismanycaptiveshippersattitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that___________.

4Theword"“arbiters”"mostprobablyreferstothose___________.

5.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby___________.

問題1選項

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

問題2選項

A.Indifferent

B.Supportive

C.Indignant

D.Apprehensive

問題3選項

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

問題4選項

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

問題5選項

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】：事實細節(jié)題。題目問的是支持并購的人為什么認為鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)不會形成壟斷。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“支持者，合并，不可能”可以定位到第二段。支持者認為“Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.”意思是因為要和卡車競爭，所以不存在壟斷的可能。”因此C最符合文章原意。A不對，文章說支持者認為合并能降低成本，而不是競爭降低成本。B不對是因為文中只是說可以更好協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)，而不是跨行業(yè)。D把主語和賓語弄反了，而且也不是支持者的觀點，所以也是錯誤的。因此，答案為C。

2.【試題解析】：觀點態(tài)度題。題目問的是許多受控制的托運商對鐵路合并的態(tài)度是什么。注意問的不是作者的態(tài)度,，是貨主的態(tài)度,，根據(jù)文中第三段由于鐵路運輸業(yè)之間的合并使得發(fā)貨商只能求助于一家公司，他們所付的運費要高出20%～30%，如果他們覺得收費過高，他們有權(quán)提出申訴要求降低費率，但這一過程既昂貴又耗時而且只有在真正極端的情況下才有效果；根據(jù)第五段首句“Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases．”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞worry一詞，可得發(fā)貨商對于繼續(xù)增加費用的擔憂。所以發(fā)貨商對于鐵路運輸業(yè)的合并是“充滿擔憂的”，而選項A“漠不關(guān)心的”，以及選項B“支持的”和選項C“義憤的”原文中并沒有提及。因此，答案為D。

3.【試題解析】：判斷推理題。A的意思是說沒有競爭的鐵路運輸公司，運輸公司的費用會少一些。根據(jù)原文第三段第二句“Railroadstypicallychargesuch"‘captive’"shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.”可知，費用是高了百分之二十到三十，而不是少了些。根據(jù)文中第三段首句，大多數(shù)托運商將由一家公司服務(wù)，但B答案是說只剩下一家公司，意義完全不同。C答案根據(jù)原文第三段可知，貨主們?nèi)绻J為鐵路公司收費過高，可以向聯(lián)邦政府的機構(gòu)申請降低費率。但是申訴的過程耗時費錢，可以推斷出他們提出申訴的可能性比較小。D答案是說政府可以保證鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)的公平競爭，文中并沒有提及，屬于無關(guān)選項。因此，答案為C。

4.【試題解析】:語義推測題。arbiter的意思是“仲裁者”，詞義題一般可以根據(jù)其上下文推斷出來其含義，根據(jù)這個單詞定位到原文的第四段的“Doyoureallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”“Itisatheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.”由此，可以得出“arbiter”的意思是能夠決定成敗，決定輸贏的一個職位，即選項B最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】：事實細節(jié)題。題目問的是鐵路成本提高的主要原因，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“costincrease”，定位到原文中的最后一段的第一句話，可得知許多“受制”托運商擔心他們很快將遭遇一輪新的費率大漲價。目前的鐵路公司所賺的錢不足以支付為滿足不斷增長的運輸需要而進行的固定資產(chǎn)投資，然而鐵路公司仍然繼續(xù)貸款數(shù)十億美元來進行收購。因此，鐵路的經(jīng)營成本提高。選項B，文中雖然提到鐵路公司還沒有足夠的錢去滿足不斷增長的運輸需要，但是這并不是經(jīng)營成本提高的原因。C、D選項文中并沒有依據(jù)。因此，答案為A。

12.單選題

Paleontologists’assumptionsabouttheequablenatureoftheclimateontheprimevalislandofPangaeaare（

）computersimulationsindicatingthattheisland’stemperaturestendedtofluctuateduringthecourseofayear.

問題1選項

A.underminedby

B.bolsteredby

C.bolsteredby

D.challengedby

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。underminedby被推翻。bolster支持，支撐。confirm確認，確定。challenge挑戰(zhàn)。句意：古生物學家認定泛大陸早期島嶼的氣候是恒定的，而計算機模擬表明島上的溫度整年都處于變化中。這結(jié)果推翻了之前的認定。根據(jù)句意可知A項符合題意。

13.單選題

Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldiers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,ormaturedafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.

Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Tobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewaywhichananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilized.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbeseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledthemosthaswon.Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.

Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilledorseriouslyinjured.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife—nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.

Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.

41.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcasesmayberegardedasanadvancementofcivilization?

42.Inthefirstsentenceofparagraph2,“Itisjustpossibletheyare”meansthat（）.

43.Theauthorsuggeststhatcivilizedpeopleshouldsettledisputesby（）.

44.Intheauthor’sview,thenationsandcountriesoftoday（）.

45.Bythelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Theactofconqueringtheothernations.

B.Theabilitytogetotherstofightforyou.

C.Thebreakingoflegs.

D.Thewaytofertilizeafield.

問題2選項

A.itispossiblethatmostpeoplebelieveinthegreatestcountries

B.itispossiblethattheconquerorsarethegreatestcountries

C.itispossiblethatthegreatestcountriesmaybeatthegreatestnumberofcountries

D.itispossiblethattheconquerorscanruleoverothercountries

問題3選項

A.goingtowars

B.gainingtheright

C.havingthemight

D.adoptingnon-violentways

問題4選項

A.arequitefriendlytooneanother

B.cankeeptherulesandbehaveproperly

C.arestillfightingagainstoneanother

D.knowhowtosettledisputes

問題5選項

A.peoplearebornsavageandit’shardforthemtochange

B.civilizationisathingthatcannotbeexpectedtoomuch

C.civilizedpeoplewillneverdoanysavagethings

D.humanbeingswillforwardthecivilizationastheymature

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】41.推理判斷題。A選項“征服其他國家的行為”，第一段Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.（我想大多數(shù)人都認為最偉大的國家是那些在戰(zhàn)爭中打敗最多其他國家并以征服者的身份統(tǒng)治它們的國家。）第二段有轉(zhuǎn)折Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.（他們可能是，但他們不是最文明的。）故可排除A選項。B選項“讓別人為你而戰(zhàn)的能力”，根據(jù)原文Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.（即使是善于讓別人為你而戰(zhàn)，并告訴他們?nèi)绾巫霾抛钣行В膊皇俏拿鳌＃┛膳懦鼴選項。C選項“斷腿”定位在第一段第二句Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,ormaturedafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.（我們不知道誰最先接上折斷的腿骨，還是成熟了一片田；但我們知道所有關(guān)于殺手和毀滅者的事。）句中是接上斷腿的人，而非斷腿。D選項“給土地施肥的方法。”在作者眼里推動文明發(fā)展的不是這些征服者，將軍或者士兵，也不是通過野蠻行為解決紛爭的人。A，B，C選項在作者眼中都不是文明的，均可排除，故選D。

42.推理判斷題。定位在第一段最后一句Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.（我想大多數(shù)人都認為最偉大的國家是那些在戰(zhàn)爭中打敗最多其他國家并以征服者的身份統(tǒng)治它們的國家。）可知they指代的是最偉大的國家。A選項“大多數(shù)人可能相信最偉大的國家”與題意無關(guān)。B選項“征服者可能是最偉大的國家”，置換主語，有誤。C選項“可能最偉大的國家打敗最多的國家”與句意契合，正確。D選項“征服者有可能統(tǒng)治其他國家”與主干無關(guān)，可排除。故選C。

43.推理判斷題。定位在第二段Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbeseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledthemosthaswon.（人們靠打架來解決爭議。戰(zhàn)斗意味著殺戮，文明的人民應(yīng)該能夠找到解決爭端的方法，而不是看哪一方殺死另一方的人數(shù)更多，然后說，殺死最多的一方贏了。）由此可知，作者認為武力不是解決問題的辦法。A選項“參戰(zhàn)”，與武力有關(guān)不符合。B選項“贏得權(quán)利”，和平解決問題是不會有輸贏的，C選項“有強權(quán)”，Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.（它不僅贏了，而且因為贏了，它是正確的。因為這就是參戰(zhàn)的意義；它意味著說強權(quán)即公理。）在文中作者對強權(quán)即公理的這種說法是不贊成的。由此可排除C選項。D選項“采用非暴力方式”符合題意，故選D。

44.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife—nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.（雖然現(xiàn)在，人們并不會在街上相互殘殺，也就是說，我們已經(jīng)到了遵守規(guī)則和在日常生活中相互之間行為得體的階段。但各個民族和國家還沒有學會這樣做，仍然表現(xiàn)得像野蠻人。）由此可知，如今的一些民族和國家還存在著對抗戰(zhàn)爭，故C選項“仍在互相爭斗”正確。A選項“他們彼此很友好”，B選項“遵守規(guī)矩，舉止得體”，D選項“知道如何解決爭端”均與句意不符，可排除，故選C。

45.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife.（但我們不能期望太多。畢竟，人類的進化才剛剛開始。人類才剛剛開始文明生活。）由此可知，我們還處在文明世界的開端，不能期望過高。A選項“人天生野蠻，很難改變”錯誤。根據(jù)原文Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife.（雖然現(xiàn)在，人們并不會在街上相互殘殺，也就是說，我們已經(jīng)到了遵守規(guī)則和在日常生活中相互之間行為得體的階段。）可以知道人們已經(jīng)有改變了。B選項“文明是一種不能過分期待的東西”，作者是以目前階段的文明而言，我們不能夠期待太多，并沒有讓人不去期待，屬于歪曲意思。C選項“文明人決不會做野蠻的事”說法過于絕對，根據(jù)原文Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.（我們不能期待即使是文明人也不會做這些事。）可知文明人絕對不做野蠻的事是很難保證的。D選項“隨著人類的成熟，人類將推進文明的發(fā)展”，作者說到人類文明才剛開始，可以推出現(xiàn)在的文明隨著人類的成熟，還能夠有所進步，故D選項正確。

14.單選題

Hewasconstraininghismindnotto（

）fromthelecture.

問題1選項

A.wonder

B.wander

C.cruise

D.travel

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項wonder“想知道；驚訝”；B選項wander“不集中，走神”；C選項cruise“巡航，巡游；漫游”；D選項travel“旅行”。填入一個動詞構(gòu)成不定式做賓補說明hismind“他的思想”，由此可知wander“（因厭倦或焦慮而注意力）不集中，走神”符合題意，句意為：他在限制他的思想不要在課堂上分心。故答案選B。

15.單選題

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat（）bysteam.

問題1選項

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項towed“拖，拉”；B選項pressed“按，壓”；C選項tossed“拋，揚起”；D選項propelled“推進，推動”。句意：在老師的指導(dǎo)下，學生們正在制作一艘由蒸汽推動的模型船。本句表示推進船的動力，因此D選項正確。

16.翻譯題

中國有許多不同的宗教，如外來的佛教、基督教和伊斯蘭教，以及本土的道教。寺廟是中國人為尊重佛教，對佛教建筑的新稱呼。它是我國悠久歷史文化的象征，也是寶貴的藝術(shù)珍品。寺廟文化完整地保存了我國各個朝代的歷史文物，也滲透到國民生活的各個方面。各地一年一度的廟會不僅豐富了文化氛圍，也同時促進了地方旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。

【答案】TherearemanydifferentreligionsinChina,suchasforeignBuddhism,Christianity,IslamandnativeTaoism.“Temple”，anewnameforBuddhistarchitecture,embodiesChinesepeople’srespectforBuddhism.ItisasymboloflonghistoryandcultureinChinaandalsopreciousarttreasures.ThetempleculturehascompletelypreservedthehistoricalrelicsofvariousdynastiesinChina,andhaspenetratedintoallaspectsofnationallife.TheannualtemplefairsinallpartsofChinanotonlyenrichtheculturalatmosphere,butalsopromotethedevelopmentoflocaltourism.

17.單選題

InanarticlesomeChinesescholarsaredescribedasbeing“tantalizedbythemysteriousdragonbonehieroglyphics.”TantalizedisoneofmanyEnglishwordsthathavetheiroriginsinmythsandlegendsofthepast(inthiscase,GreekandRomanones).Themeaningoftheverbtantalizeisaveryparticularone:“topromiseorshowsomethingdesirabletoapersonandthentakeitaway;toteasebyarousinghope.’’Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.Fortantalizethefollowingexplanationisgiven:[>Tantalus].ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology,Tantaluswasakingwhowaspunishedinthelowerworldwitheternalhungerandthirst;hewasputuptohischininwaterthatalwaysmovedawaywhenhetriedtodrinkitandwithfruitonbranchesabovehimplacedjustalittlebitoutofhisreach.Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning“toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire”?

Anotherexampleistheword“siren”,familiartousasthemechanicaldevicethatmakessuchanalarmingsoundwhenpolicecars,ambulances,orfireenginesapproach.ThiswordalsohasitsoriginsinGreekmythology.ThetravelerOdysseus(UlyssestotheRomans)madehismenplugtheirearssothattheywouldn’thearthedangerousvoicesofthesirens,creatureswhowerehalfbirdandhalfwomanandwholuredsailorstotheirdeathsonsharprocks.Sothewordcametobeassociatedbothwithaloudsoundandwithdanger!

Whensomeonespeaksofa“jovialmood”ora“herculeanefforts”,heorsheisusingwords

withoriginsinmythology.Lookthesewordsuptofindtheirmeaningandrelationshiptomyths.

Manycommonwords,suchasthenamesforthedaysoftheweekandthemonthsoftheyear,alsocomefrommythology.WednesdayderivesfromtheancientNorsekingofthegods,Woden,andThursdaywasoriginallyThor’sday,inhonorofThor,thegodofthunder.Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology,includingtheplanetthatisfarthestawayfromthesunandforthatreasonwascalledaftertheRomangodofthedead.Thisgodhasalsogivenhisnametooneofthechemicalelements.Severalotherelementshavenamesthatcomefrommythology,too.

ItseemsthatmythsandlegendsliveonintheEnglishlanguage.

1.ThepurposeofthefirstsentenceinParagraph1is（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassage,allEnglishdictionariesinclude（

）.

3.Theexampleoftantalizeistoshow（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesNOThaveoriginsinmythorlegends?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.toleadreadersontothemaintheme

B.tolinktheprecedingparttothepresentone

C.toarousereaders’interestinhieroglyphics

D.todescribetheworkofsomeChinesescholars

問題2選項

A.legends

B.mythology

C.wordorigins

D.worddefinitions

問題3選項

A.howthewordcameintoexistence.

B.howTantaluswaspunishedinthelowerworld.

C.howallEnglishdictionariesshowwordorigins.

D.howthemeaningofthewordchangedovertheyears.

問題4選項

A.Jovial.

B.March.

C.Earth.

D.Wednesday.

問題5選項

A.MythologyandCommonWords.

B.HistoricalChangesinWordMeanings.

C.MythologicalOriginsofEnglishWords.

D.GreekandRomanMythologyinLanguage.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】段落大意題。文章第一段開頭第一句是引出tantalize這個詞的描述，接下來的幾句話，是說明這個詞的來源，它是眾多來源于過去的神話和傳說的英語單詞之一。故推測文章第一段是通過舉例說明來引出主題。正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.許多（不是所有）的英語字典都會在詞的釋義前后，用括號給出簡短的詞源解釋”，故這里可知所有的英語字典都會給出英語單詞的釋義，但不是都會給出英語單詞詞源解釋，或者有關(guān)的神話和傳說。所以正確答案為D。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段談到了tantalize這個單詞的例子，根據(jù)第六句“ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’s