書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-四川建筑職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

This（）girlisMary'scousin.

問題1選項

A.prettylittleSwedish

B.Swedishlittlepretty

C.Swedishprettylittle

D.littleprettySwedish

【答案】A

【解析】考查多個形容詞修飾名詞時的詞序。通常順序是:?限定詞—表示說話人評價的形容詞—表示大小、形狀、新舊的形容詞—表示顏色的形容詞—表示國別、來源、材料的形容詞—表示用途或目的的形容詞或分詞,名詞等類別詞—名詞中心詞。根據規則,選項A正確。

2.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項

A.exposure

B.disclosure

C.contact

D.connection

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。exposureto“暴露于”；disclosure“揭發”；contact“接觸”；connection“聯系”。句意：過多暴露在X射線下對皮膚有傷害，也可能導致癌癥或者其他傷害。選項A符合題意。

3.填空題

13.Wearehavingsome（1）withthemachinethatweimported（2）Japanlastyear.Ithas（3）downtwicealready.Eachtimewehave（4）toaskatechniciantocometoBeijingto（5）it.Thegoodnewsisthatourtechnicianshave（6）completedtheirtraininginTokyo.Thenexttimewehavea（7）,wewon’tneedtosendforaJapanesespecialist.

句意:

我們去年從日本進口的這臺機器正有些故障。它已經發生過兩次故障了。每次故障發生時，我們都不得不讓日方派技術員來北京修理它。好消息是我們自己的技術員己經結束了他們在東京的培訓。下次該機器再有故障時，我們就不需要邀請日本專家了。

【答案】1.trouble

2.from

3.broken

4.had

5.repair

6.already

7.breakdown

【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith…有故障。

2.固定搭配。importedfrom從…進口。

3.固定搭配。breakdown損壞，分解，發生故障，分詞為brokendown。

4.固定搭配。Haveto不得不。have后加動詞過去分詞表完成時態，故這里應填had。

5.語義題。修理用repair。

6.語義題。Havealready已經。

7.語義題。haveabreakdown損壞,出故障。

4.單選題

IV.(CriminalLaw)

Theacrimoniousdebateovercapitalpunishmenthascontinuedforcenturies.Inrecentdecades,thedebatehasheatedupintheU.S.followingtheSupremeCourt-imposedmoratoriumoncapitalpunishment.Currently,severalstatesareconsideringachangeintheirpoliciesregardingthestatusofthedeathpenalty.Nebraska’slegislature,forexample,recentlypassedatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutions,whichwas,however,vetoedbythestate’sgovernor.Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.

Animportantissueinthisdebateiswhethercapitalpunishmentdetersmurders.Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.Ehrlich’sregressionresults,usingU.S.aggregatetime-seriesfor1933-1969andstatelevelcross-sectionaldatafor1940and1950,suggestasignificantdeterrenteffect,whichsharplycontrastswithearlierfindings.ThepolicyimportanceoftheresearchinthisareaisborneoutbytheconsiderablepublicattentionthatEhrlich’sworkhasreceived.TheSolicitorGeneraloftheUnitedStates,forexample,introducedEhrlich’sfindingstotheSupremeCourt,insupportofcapitalpunishment.

CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.

Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.Mostoftheexistingstudiesuseeithertime-seriesorcross-sectiondata.Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.Anydeterrencefromanexecutionshouldaffectthecrimerateonlyintheexecutingstate.Aggregationdilutessuchdistincteffects.Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem,buttheirstaticformulationprecludesanyconsiderationofthedynamicsofcrime,lawenforcement,andjudicialprocesses.Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.

HashemDezhbakhshandPaulH.Rubin:“DoesCapitalPunishmentHaveaDeterrentEffect?”

63.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatintheUS___.

64.Whichofthefollowinggroupofpeoplethoughtthatcapitalpunishmenthadnodeterrenteffect?

65.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

66.Inthe4thparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

問題1選項

A.theexecutivebranchisinoppositeopinionwiththelegislatureatthestatelevelregardingdeathpenalty

B.severalstatesareconsideringreinstatethedeathpenalty

C.Oklahomadecidedtosuspenddeathpenaltyfortwoyears

D.somestates’legislaturehasalsocalledforresearchoncancellationofcapitalsentence

問題2選項

A.Economistsandcriminologists

B.Psychologistsandcriminologists

C.Psychologistsandeconomists

D.EconomistsandEhrlich

問題3選項

A.Ehrlich’sfindingcausedotherstoanalyzethedeterrenceeffectofdeathpenalty.

B.ManypeopleusedEhrlich’sdataintheiranalysisbutinadifferentway.

C.Thefindingofothers’researchwassimilar.

D.Ehrlichprovidedanequationinhisanalysis.

問題4選項

A.crosssectionalstudiesaremoresensitivetoaggregation

B.time-seriesdataarenotinfluencedbyaggregation

C.unobservedheterogeneitycannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation

D.dataissuehadnotbeenpaidenoughattentionasitshouldbe

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】63.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干定位到第一段末ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.（內布拉斯加州和伊利諾伊州的立法機構也呼吁進行類似的研究。然而，在馬薩諸塞州，眾議院投票否決了州長支持的恢復死刑的法案）可知行政部門與州一級的立法機關關于死刑的意見會有分歧，選A選項“在死刑問題上，行政部門與州一級的立法機關持相反意見”，同時可知D選項“一些州的立法機構也呼吁研究取消死刑”錯誤，一些州的立法機構不贊同取消；B選項“若干國家正在考慮恢復死刑”在第一段未涉及；第一段Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.（其他十個州去年也至少考慮過暫停。該組織包括俄克拉荷馬州，該州的立法機構很快將考慮一項法案，要求暫停執行死刑兩年，并成立一個特別工作組來研究死刑的有效性）可知C選項“俄克拉荷馬州決定死刑緩期兩年執行”錯誤，俄克拉荷馬州只是考慮，并不是決定執行。因此A選項正確。

64.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干定位到第二段Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.（最初研究這個問題的心理學家和犯罪學家報告說沒有威懾作用。經濟學家們以埃利希的開創性工作加入了這場辯論）可知最初是心理學家和犯罪學家報告說沒有威懾作用，經濟學家們隨后加入辯論，選B選項“心理學家和犯罪學家”；A選項“經濟學家和犯罪學家”，C選項“心理學家和經濟學家”以及D選項“經濟學家和埃利希”不符合原文。因此B選項正確。

65.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干定位到第三段第一句CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.（與最高法院對該問題的審議一致，埃利希的發現激發了對威懾的計量經濟學分析的興趣，導致許多研究使用了他的數據，但回歸規格不同——不同的回歸者或內生變量與外生變量的不同選擇）可知A選項“埃利希的發現引起了其他人對死刑威懾效應的分析”，B選項“很多人在他們的分析中使用了埃利希的數據，但是是以不同的方式”正確；第三段第二句ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.（這些研究結果綜合對埃利希的經濟計量公式進行了靈敏度分析，進一步強調了參數的重要性）可知C選項“其他人的研究結果是相似的”錯誤，并沒有說其他人的研究結果是相似的，D選項“埃利希在他的分析中提供了一個方程”正確。因此C選項符合題意。

66.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干定位到第四段第一句Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.（另一方面，數據問題受到的關注要少得多）可知作者第一句話就表明觀點——研究分析中所利用的數據問題并沒有被給予足夠的重視，接下來作者論述大多數現有的研究使用的都是時間序列數據或截面數據，這兩種數據都各有弊端，選D選項“數據問題沒有得到應有的重視”；第四段Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem（橫斷面研究對這一問題不太敏感）可知A選項“橫斷面研究對聚集更敏感”錯誤；第四段Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.（使用國家時間序列數據的研究受到聚集問題的影響）可知B選項“時間序列數據不受聚合影響”錯誤；第四段Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.（此外，橫斷面研究受到未觀察到的異質性的影響，這在沒有時間變化的情況下是無法控制的）可知C選項“在沒有時間變化的情況下，無法控制未觀察到的異質性”邏輯關系錯誤。因此D選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Theextremely（

）tradeinendangeredspeciesisprovingirresistibletocountriesingravecurrencycrisis.

問題1選項

A.lucrative

B.approximate

C.ambitious

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lucrative意為“獲利多的，賺錢的”；approximate意為“大概的”；ambitious意為“有雄心的”；prospective意為“預期的”。

句意：極其有利可圖的瀕危物種貿易對于那些面臨嚴重貨幣危機的國家來說是無法抗拒的。

6.單選題

Suchanapproachforcesmanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps（）rigiddepartmentalboundaries.

問題1選項

A.passover

B.standfor

C.breakdown

D.setoff

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。passover“越過，忽略”；standfor“代表，支持”；breakdown“分解，失敗”；setoff“出發，引起”。句意：這種方法迫使經理們相互交流，并且有助于跨越嚴格的部門界限。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Thegovernorwilladoptnewmeasuresto（

）thelivingstandardsoftheordinarycitizens.

問題1選項

A.speedup

B.lift

C.hoist

D.elevate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:州長將會采取新措施提升普通市民的生活水平。

考查動詞辨析。speedup加速;lift舉起，提升（指用人力或機械力把某物升到較高的位置）;hoist(用繩索,起重機等)吊起,提升,拉高;elevate提升，舉起，振奮情緒等。空格處動詞的賓語為thelivingstandards(生活水平),故D符合句意。

8.單選題

Eversincethepresident’ssexualscandalwasmadepublic,therehasbeena（

）fallinhispopularity.

問題1選項

A.domestic

B.imaginary

C.drastic

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:自從總統的性丑聞公開以來，他的聲譽持續急劇下降。

形容詞辨析。domestic國內的,家庭的;imaginary想象中的，幻想的;drastic急劇的，嚴厲的;numerous眾多的，許多的。故C符合句意。

9.單選題

Itwasrecommendedthatthey____forthedoctor.

問題1選項

A.wait

B.wouldwait

C.waited

D.shouldhavewaited

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.wait等待B.wouldwait等待

C.waited等待D.shouldhavewaited等待

【答案】A

【考查點】虛擬語氣

【解題思路】本題考查的是虛擬語氣的使用情況之一：表示建議、命令、主張、目的和愿望等的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句通常使用虛擬語氣，其形式為should+動詞原形，其中should可以省略。本題為表示建議的主語從句，空格處所填的內容為從句的謂語，因此需要使用“（should）+動詞原形”，A選項wait“等待”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合該虛擬語氣的結構要求。

【句意】有人建議他們等醫生。

10.單選題

Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

問題1選項

A.flushing

B.blushing

C.brushing

D.crushing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項flush“發紅，臉紅，（用水）沖洗凈，沖洗”；B選項blush“（因尷尬或害羞）臉紅，（因某事）羞愧，尷尬”；C選項brush“（用刷子）刷凈，刷亮”；D選項brush“壓壞，壓碎”。由Thewastepipeisblocked（污水管塞住了）可知A選項符合語義，表示用水沖洗。句意：污水管塞住了，試著用熱水沖洗，或者叫水管工來做。

11.單選題

______theuseofnickelin1835,spoonsandforksweremademainlyofsilver.

問題1選項

A.Atthetimeof

B.After

C.Priorto

D.Superiorto

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項Atthetimeof“在……時候”；B選項After“在……之后”；C選項Priorto“在……之前”；D選項Superiorto“優于”。句意：在1835年使用鎳______，勺子和叉子主要是用銀制作的。根據語境，橫線處需要表示時間關系，這里指的是在沒有用鎳制作勺子和叉子之前，主要是用銀來制作，C選項Priorto“在……之前”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

The（

）ofourtriptoWashingtonwasthevisittotheWhiteHouse.

問題1選項

A.climate

B.extremity

C.maximun

D.novel

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。climate意為“氣候”；extremity意為“末端，端點，盡頭”；maximun意為“最大值，最大”；novel意為“小說”。

句意：我們華盛頓之行的最后一站是參觀白宮。

13.單選題

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds，catarrhs（黏膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中風）.The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

問題2選項

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

問題3選項

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

問題4選項

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

問題5選項

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節理解題。根據文章第一段最后一句，“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”，可知男孩女孩們都知道，大家越是團結在一起，發生戰爭的機會就越大，選項C符合題意。

2.細節理解題。根據文章第一段，“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”，可知沒有人預見到鐵路是發生戰爭機會越來越多的原因。選項D符合題意。

3.細節理解題。根據文章第二段第二句，“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”，可知火車對人體健康是最危險的。選項A可排除。根據文章第二段第三句，“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”，可知噪音和眩光對人的神經有影響，選項B可排除。根據第二段第四句，“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”，可知對人體肺部也有影響，選項C排除。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據文章第一段，“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”，可知人們沒有預見鐵路是敵軍快速移動的一種方式，可推斷出作者提出了火車的不好，表明了自己反對鐵路的立場，所以他是反鐵路組織的一員。選項A符合題意。

5.作者態度題。文章第二段提到了火車會對身體健康等各方面帶來危害，最后一段還舉到了一位作家對火車描述的例子，可見作者是運用了諷刺的語氣來描寫的。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Iwasnotsurprisedatallhearinghimshoutingatthemeeting,theoutburstwas（）ofhisbadtemper.

問題1選項

A.expository

B.explanatory

C.illustrative

D.revealing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項expository“說明的；解釋的；評注的”；B選項explanatory“解釋的；說明的”；C選項illustrative“說明的；作例證的；解說的”；D選項revealing“透露真情的；有啟迪作用的；坦胸露肩的”。句意：聽到他在會上大喊大叫，我一點也不驚訝，他的爆發……他的壞脾氣。此處在于指出他大喊大叫與他的壞脾氣之間的關系。A選項過于正式，B選項用來說明原因，而大喊大叫與壞脾氣之間是“表現與被表現”的例證關系，因此C選項正確。

15.單選題

Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost（）,havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.incredibly

B.exclusively

C.extraordinarily

D.respectively

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。incredibly“難以置信地”；exclusively“唯一地”;extraordinarily“極其”；respectively“分別地”。根據后面havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment“幾乎沒有礦藏，工業發展也少”可知當地只依靠農業，因此選項B符合題意。

16.單選題

TV,radioandnewspaperareimportant（

）foradvertising.

問題1選項

A.features

B.broadcasting

C.publications

D.media

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項feature“特色，特征”；B選項broadcast“廣播”；C選項publication“出版，發表”；D選項media“媒介”。句意：電視、廣播和報紙是廣告的重要媒介。選項D符合句意。

17.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishedanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield,thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith（）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat（）.

問題1選項

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

問題2選項

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninhighlyinnovativefashion

問題3選項

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymostofmusicologiststoday

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalue

C.musicalworkswithpopularhistoricalthemes

D.examplesofmusicalworkswithnewprincipleoforganization

問題4選項

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

問題5選項

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata

C.introducesanewvalidgeneralization

D.presentsthediscoveryofanewscientificfact

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據第一段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創造性科學產生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現象可以以更連貫的方式相互關聯。由此可知，把不同的現象連貫地聯系起來是高度的創造性科學所產生的結果。選項D符合原文。

2.信息判斷題。根據第二段的末尾幾句可知，貝多芬并沒有推翻任何基本規則。相反，他是一個無與倫比的謀略家，他以驚人的獨創的方式，利用了他從前輩如海頓、莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫那里繼承來的規則、形式和慣例。所以選項D符合原文。

3.事實細節題。根據關鍵詞“FlorentineCamerata”定位到第二段第三句“suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,...thegreatworksofmusic.”如佛羅倫薩卡米拉塔的歌劇，盡管具有顯著的歷史重要性，但很少有聽眾或音樂學家會把它們列入偉大的音樂作品之中。也就是說不被普遍認為具有很高的審美價值，選項B與原文表述一致。

4.觀點態度題。根據第一段的第三句“However,theideathat...validforthesciences.”然而，將非凡的創造力超越既定限制的觀點應用到藝術上是有誤導性的，盡管它可能適用于科學。由此推斷，作者的態度是懷疑的，選項A正確。

5.細節推理題。根據段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創新科學產生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現象可以以更連貫的方式相互關聯，選項C符合原文。

18.單選題

Agoodteacheralwaystriesto（）studentstoaskquestion.

問題1選項

A.encourage

B.stimulate

C.needle

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項encourage“鼓勵，激勵”。B選項stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。C選項needle“刺激，故意招惹”。D選項spread“傳播，伸展”。句意：一個好的老師總是鼓勵學生去提問。本句表示“鼓勵學生提問”。因此A選項符合題意。

19.單選題

PeoplewholettheirdogssleepwiththemorallowthemtolicktheirfacesarenomorelikelythanotherdogownerstohavethesamestrainsofE.colibacteriaastheirdogs,aKansasStateUniversityveterinarianreports.

Dr.KateStenske,aclinicalassistantprofessorattheuniversity’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,saidit’sknownthatdiseasescanbesharedbetweendogsandpeopleandthatabout75percentofemergingdiseasesaretransferrablebetweenhumansandotheranimals.

ShedecidedtofocusonE.coli,whichiscommoninthegastrointestinaltractsofbothhumansanddogs.

Forthestudy,Stenskeanalyzedfecalsamplesfromdogsandtheirowners.Shefoundthat10percentofhuman-dogpairshadthesameE.colistrainsandthatthesestrainsweremoreresistanttocommonantibioticsthanexpected.However,ownershadmoremultipledrug-resistantstainsthantheirdogs.

“Thismakesusthinkthatdogsarenotlikelytospreadmultipledrug-resistantE.colitotheirowners,butperhapsmayspreadthemtotheirdogs,”Stenskesaidinauniversitynewsrelease.“Whatwelearnfromthisisthatantibioticsreallydoaffectthebacteriawithinourgastrointestinaltract,andweshouldonlytakethemwhenwereallyneedto—andalwaysfinishtheentireprescriptionasdirected.”

TherewasnoevidencethatownerswhosleepwiththeirdogorallowfacelickingweremorelikelytohavesharedstrainsofE.coli,accordingtothestudy,whichwasexpectedtobepublishedinanupcomingissueoftheAmericanJournalofVeterinaryResearch.

However,thestudydidfindanassociationbetweenantibiotic-resistantE.coliandownerswhodidn’twashtheirhandsafterpettingtheirdogsorbeforecookingmeals.

“Weshouldusecommonsenseandpracticegoodgeneralhygiene,”Stenskeadvised.Shesaidthefindthatclosehuman-dogbondingbehaviorsaren’tmorelikelytospreadgermsisgoodnewsbecauseofthephysicalandpsychologicalbenefitsofpetownership.Surveysshowthatnearlyhalfofalldogownerssharetheirfoodwiththeirdogs,andmorethanhalfallowtheirdogstosleepwiththemandlicktheirface.

“Ifyoulookatonestudy,84percentofpeoplesaytheirdogislikeachildtothem,”Stenskeadded.

FutureresearchmightlookatcatownersandsharedE.coli.MoreAmericansowncatsthandogs,andcatsinteractwithpeopleindifferentwaysthandogs,Stenskenoted.

21.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

22.ThereasonwhythestudyfocusesonE.coliisthat______.

23.WhichoneisNOTtheconclusionofthestudy?

24.AccordingtoStenske,peopleshouldpracticegeneralhygieneby______.

25.Thestudyhasbroughtgoodnewstothedog-ownersinthat______.

問題1選項

A.Closehuman-dogbondingbehaviorsaren’tmorelikelytospreadgerms.

B.Dogownersshouldnotlettheirdogslicktheirfacesorsleepwiththem.

C.Itisnothygienictoletdogssleepwithyouorlickyourface.

D.TheE.colibacteriaarespreadfromdogstotheirmasters.

問題2選項

A.thesamplesareeasytoget

B.itisarepresentativeofbacteriumfoundinhumanbowels

C.itisacommonbacteriumsharedbydogsandmankindinbowels

D.itisabacteriumspreadeasilybetweenhumanbeings

問題3選項

A.Ownershavemultipledrug-resistantstrainsthantheirdogs.

B.Dogsarenotlikelytospreadmultipledrug-resistantE.colitotheirowners.

C.Wecannottakeantibioticscasually,butonlywhenwereallyneed.

D.OwnersallowfacelickingaremorelikelytosharestrainsofE.coli.

問題4選項

A.washingtheirhandsbeforepettingthedogs

B.washingtheirhandsbeforecookingthemeals

C.severingtheirintimatebondwithpet-dogs

D.eatingdifferentfoodfromtheirdogs

問題5選項

A.itallowsdog-ownerstomaintaintheirintimatebondwithdogsatease

B.dogsandtheirownerscanbeimmunefromvirusesifkeepingintimate

C.dogsaremorefavoritethancatsinmankind’sview

D.itprovesthatdogsaredirtierthanwhatwehaveimagined

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】21.【選項釋義】

21.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?21.我們從第一段可以推斷出什么？

A.Closehuman-dogbondingbehaviorsaren’tmorelikelytospreadgerms.A.人類和狗親密的行為并不太可能傳播細菌。

B.Dogownersshouldnotlettheirdogslicktheirfacesorsleepwiththem.B.狗主人不應該讓他們的狗舔他們的臉或和他們一起睡覺。

C.Itisnothygienictoletdogssleepwithyouorlickyourface.C.讓狗狗和你一起睡覺或舔你的臉是不衛生的。

D.TheE.colibacteriaaresp