書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifaschoolpostsastudent’snameandtestscorewithoutobtainingstudent（orparental）（）,itcanviolateFERPA,afederallawthatprotectstheprivacyofstudenteducationrecords.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.condemnation

B.confirmation

C.consent

D.confine

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)condemnation表示“譴責(zé)，定罪，征用”，B選項(xiàng)confirmation表示“確認(rèn)，事實(shí)，證明，批準(zhǔn)”，C選項(xiàng)consent表示“準(zhǔn)許，贊同，正式批準(zhǔn)文件”，D選項(xiàng)confine表示“邊界，范圍，限制”。由句意可知，如果學(xué)校在未取得學(xué)生（或家長）（）情況下公布學(xué)生的姓名和考試成績，它就違反了聯(lián)邦法律。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原句句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Hisopinionsarevery（

）;hedoesnotwantthesituationtochangeverymuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservative

B.flexible

C.sophisticated

D.radical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。conservative“保守的”；flexible“靈活的，柔韌的，易彎曲的”；sophisticated“精致的，久經(jīng)世故的”；radical“激進(jìn)的，根本的”。句意：他的觀點(diǎn)非常保守，他不想讓形式快速改變。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Hecollects（

）ofallkindsofrocksandminerals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specimens

B.timbers

C.serpents

D.trunks

【答案】A

【解析】specimens樣品,標(biāo)本；timber木材；serpent大蛇,毒蛇；trunk樹干。句意:他收集各種巖石和礦物的標(biāo)本。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandthelanguagemightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.

Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeahighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds,attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands,ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourheknowshislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.

Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacityofspeaking.Whatisspecialaboutman'sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern"toy-bear".Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.

Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild'sbabbling,graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdulltheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild'snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.

1.WhatisthepurposeofthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury?

2.Todaysomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingbecause（）.

3.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothernormalchildren,hewill（）inthefuture.

4.Comparedwiththebrainofthemonkey,human'sbrainisacomplexsystemwhichenablesachild（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toprovethatababycouldn'tlivewithouthismother.

B.Todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech.

C.Tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak.

D.Toprovethatachildwouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly.

B.theyarefacedwithsomuchlanguageatonce.

C.theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak.

D.theirbrainisnotprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.haveahighIQ

B.beinsensitivetoverbalsignals

C.belessintelligent

D.notnecessarilybebackward

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tobebornwiththecapacityofsinging.

B.tosecthingsmoreclearlythananimals

C.toconnectthesightandthefeelwiththesoundword

D.torunfasterthananimals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.

B.Motherplaysanimportantroleinchild'slearninglanguage.

C.Insensitivityofthemothertotheinfants'signalswillcausethemtolearnnothingaboutlanguage.,

D.Thechild'sbrainishighlyselective

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue...”為了弄清一個(gè)孩子如果聽不見母語會(huì)說什么語言。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,...”最常見的原因是母親對(duì)嬰兒的信號(hào)不敏感...。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeahighIQ.”在某些情況下，語言開始較晚的孩子最終被證明是高智商的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的第二句“whichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern"toy-bear".”它能讓孩子把玩具熊的視覺和感覺與“玩具熊”的聲音模式聯(lián)系起來。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Sensitivitytothechild'snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.”母親對(duì)兒童非語言信號(hào)的敏感對(duì)兒童的成長及其語言的發(fā)展起著至關(guān)重要的作用。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.單選題

Keplerreconciledastronomywithphysics,andsubstitutedforfictitiousclockworkauniverseofmaterialbodiesnotunliketheearth,freelyfloatingandturninginspace,movedbyforces（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.actedonthem

B.beingactedonit

C.actingonthem

D.havingactedonit

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)。句意：開普勒綜合了天文學(xué)和物理學(xué)，用宇宙中與地球相似的實(shí)質(zhì)天體替換了虛構(gòu)的運(yùn)行規(guī)律，這些天體在天空中自由運(yùn)動(dòng)、旋轉(zhuǎn)，由作用在他們上面的力驅(qū)動(dòng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。本題考查的是分詞做后置定語的用法，force與them是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此act用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Providingfirst-classserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.methods

B.attitudes

C.thoughts

D.solutions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tactic“策略，手段”；A選項(xiàng)method“方法；手段”；B選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度；意見”；C選項(xiàng)thought“思想；想法；關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案；溶液；溶解”。句意：提供一流的服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。根據(jù)句中“toattractpassengers為吸引乘客”可知tactic在這里的意思為“手段”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.問答題

Americanshavealwayshadafascinationwiththeunderworldsocietypopulatedbythose

A

whoopenlyresistedthelawsofdominantsocietyandinsteadcreatingtheirownworld,livingby

B

C

D

theirownrules.

【答案】試題答案：C;created

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)句子的and可知連接的是兩個(gè)并列成分，因此時(shí)態(tài)形式要保持一致。and前面的resisted為過去式，故creating改為過去式created。

8.單選題

Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;justasourpresentillnesseshavebeenquitedifferentfromthoseofthenineteenthcentury.Althoughourhealthisimprovinginmanywaysandwearelivinglongerthaninpreviousdecades,newdiseasesandconditionsthreatenthequalityofourlives.Wehavealreadyobservedsomesignificantchangesinthe1980sthatforetoldwhathealthproblemslieaheadinthetwenty-firstcentury:

Diseasesoftheimmunesystem,notjustAIDSbutvariousconditionsofadeficientoroveractiveimmunesystem,havereachedepidemicproportions.

Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromviralconditionsthatareincurablewithconventionaltherapiesisincreasing,andthenumberofnewlydefinedviralconditions,suchastheEpstein-BarrVirusandcytomegalovirus,isalsoincreasingsignificantly.

Moreandmorebacterialinfectionsarebecomingresistanttocommonlyusedantibioticsandarerequiringstrongerantibiotics,whichalsoarenetalwayssuccessfulincuringtheinfections.

Allergiestofoods,tocommonsubstancessuchasanimalhairsandhousedust,andtonewchemicalsarebecomingmoreprevalent.OneinsevenAmericanshadanallergyin1950,asmanyasoneinfivehadanallergyin1970,andapproximately75millionAmericans,ornearlyoneinthree,hadanallergyin1985.

Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,thepercentageofchildrenunder17yearsofagewhoarelimitedinactivityduetochronicconditionsincreasedby86%from1967to1979.

Mentaldiseaseisaffectingmoreandmorepeople.TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthestimatedin1984thatoneineveryfiveAmericanshadamentaldisorder.Thissamestudyrevealedthat,duringasix-monthperiod,8.3%ofAmericanssufferedfromananxietydisorder,6.4%hadanalcoholordrugproblem,and6%hadamooddisorder.

Inadditiontothesevarioustrends,oneofthemoresignificantfactsthatwillaffectthefutureofhealthcareisthatlargerpercentageofthepopulationwillbeover65yearsold.AccordingtoprojectionsbytheUSBureauoftheCensus,thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationOver65in1985willhavedoubledby2030.

Futuristsgenerallyassumethattwenty-firstcenturymedicinewillincludenewandmore-powerfuldrugsandvariousinnovativetechnologicalinterventions.However,futuriststendtoignoretheseriousproblemspresentlyarisingfromconventionalmedications.Accordingto1986statistics,theaverageAmericanreceives7.5prescriptionsayeahThisisaparticularlyfrighteningnumberbecauseweallknowtherearepeoplewhohavenotbeenprescribedanymedicationsinthepastyear,whichmeansthatsomeoneelseisgettingtheir7.5drugs.

Sincemostdrugshavesideeffects,someofwhicharequiteserious,andsincethesickpersonisoftenprescribedseveraldrugsatthesametime,anyofwhichmayhaveevengreaterpotentialforsideeffects,itisnowonderthat50%ofthetimepeopledonotevengettheirdrugprescriptionsfilled.Additionallyvariousstudieshaveindicatedthat25%to90%ofthetimepatientsmakeerrorsinadministeringthemedicines.Despitetherespectthatpeoplegenerallyshowinwardpresent-dayphysicians,theredoesnotseemtobeequalconfidenceinthetreatmentstheyprescribe.

1.Thatdiseasesofthe21stcenturyaredifferentfromthoseof20thcenturyis（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdiseasesoftheimmunesystem?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat（）.

5.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,in1984,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatscientistsareworriedabout

B.awell-groundedstatement

C.drawnonchangesinthemedicalprofession

D.notnecessarilytrue

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyrefertoAIDSonly.

B.Theybecomeepidemicinthe21stcentury.

C.Theycropupinvariousorgans.

D.Theymakepatientsoveractiveandfeelrestless.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Casesofchronicdisabilityincreasedbyanalarmingrateof86%inthelate1980s.

B.Chronicdisabilityusedtoaffectoldpeopleonly.

C.Chronicdisabilitycausessomepeopletobelimitedinactivity.

D.Chronicdisabilityhasincreasedgreatlyamongtheteenagers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.manyofthe21stcenturydiseasesarecloselyrelatedtotheenvironment

B.theaveragelifespanwillbecomestilllongerdespiteallthefuturediseases

C.man'sabilitytoresistdiseaseswillnotchangewithtime

D.peopleofthe21stcenturyknowbetterhowtomakefulluseoftheirprescribedmedicine.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.25%oftheAmericanshadamentaldisorder

B.doctorspredictedthatthementalcaseswouldbedeclininginthe21thcentury

C.thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationover65withmentaldisorderswasdoubled

D.casesofmentaldisordersincreasedquickly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.本題可采用排除法。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒有提及科學(xué)家們的擔(dān)心,所以不正確；根據(jù)第一段第一句“Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;”可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤；結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文講述的是20世紀(jì)存在的事實(shí),由此可知是對(duì)21世紀(jì)的推測,所以選項(xiàng)B表述也不正確；只有選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,免疫系統(tǒng)疾病,不僅是艾滋病,甚至包括免疫系統(tǒng)缺陷或過度活躍的各種情況,都已達(dá)到流行病的程度。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第六段第一句“Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.”可知,選項(xiàng)B不正確。

4.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句,除了這些不同的趨勢之外,影響醫(yī)療保健未來的一個(gè)更重要的事實(shí)是,65歲以上的人口比例將更大。也就是說,盡管未來會(huì)有各種疾病,但人類的平均壽命將會(huì)變得更長。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theNationalInstituteofMentalHealth”定位到倒數(shù)第四段,根據(jù)上下文,精神疾病正在影響越來越多的人,每五個(gè)美國人中就有一個(gè)患有精神障礙。由此可知,精神疾病的病例迅速增加。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

9.單選題

InEngland,alongastretchofthenorth-eastcoastwhichgentlycurvesfromNorthumberlandtothemouthoftheriverTees,therewasaspot,typicalofmanyonthatcoast,wheresea-coalcollectedrichlyandeffortlessly.Thiscoalwasacoarsepowder,cleanandbrilliantlikeparticlesofcrushedjet;itseemedtobearlittleresemblancetothelarge,dirtylumpsputontothefire.Althoughitwascoal,itwasperfectlycleananditwassilentlydepositedathightideinaglitteringcarpetakilometerlongforthecoalcommunitytogatherup.

Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenmixturewhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenorth-eastcoastline.Sackswereessentialtoputthecoalin,andstringtotietheneckofeachsackwhenitwasfull.Awoodenrakewasusedtoscrapethecoalfromthebeach,anditwasgenerallymadefromanoldbroomhandlewithaflatpieceofwoodnailedonataslightrecliningangleattheend.Theonlyalternativetotherakewasaflatpieceofboardheldinthehand,whichchildrenandotherworkersofadditionalservicecroucheddowntouse.Aflat,broadshovel,tolifttherakedcoalintothebags,completedtheportablehardware.

Butthemostcrucialitemofequipmentwasabicycle,aspecialkindofrustystripped-downmodelwhichwasthesymbolofthesea-coalingcraft.Alady'sbikewasnogoodbecauseitlackedacrossbarandthatwasanessentialelementintransportingsea-coal.Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularformatofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.Thebeautyofthiswasthatitnotonlyenabledonetomovethesea-coalfromplacetoplace,butthepressureofthemetalbarsagainstthefull,wetsacksforcedexcesswateroutofthecoalwhileitwasbeingwheeledhome.Onagoodday,thepathtothebeachwasgenerallyadoublesnailtrackofwaterthathadbeenforcedfromeachendofatrailofcoalsacks.

1.Theattractionofcollectingsea-coalwasthatit

（

）.

2.Thereasoncertainequipmentwasusedwasbecause（

）.

3.Toremovethecoalfromthebeach,thechildrenhadto

（

）.

4.Tocarrythreesacksofcoalonabicycleitwasnecessaryto

（

）.

5.Youcouldseewherethecoalhadbeentransportedfromthebeachbythe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.burntbetteronthefire

B.wasfreelyavailable

C.wascleanandfine-grained

D.madenonoisewhileburning

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepeoplewereverytraditional

B.fewcommunitiespossessedit

C.itwasshowntobepractical

D.thecommunitieshadcurioushabits

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.bendovertousetherakes

B.usepiecesofboardatrecliningangles

C.crouchdownwithfiatshovels

D.sittousebroadpiecesofwood

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lodgeoneofthemonthesaddle

B.balancethemonthecrossbar

C.balancetwoonthecrossbar

D.puttwothroughtheframework

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wetmarksontheroad

B.tracksinthesand

C.wheelmarksonthepath

D.twintrailsofwater

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...sea-coalcollectedrichlyandeffortlessly”可知選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenmixturewhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenorth-eastcoastline.”可知選項(xiàng)B明顯錯(cuò)誤；人們用這些設(shè)備的原因并不是因?yàn)樗麄兒軅鹘y(tǒng)或者有奇怪的習(xí)慣，而是因?yàn)檫@些設(shè)備很實(shí)用。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分“...Theonlyalternativetotherakewasaflatpieceofboardheldinthehand,whichchildrenandotherworkersofadditionalservicecroucheddowntouse.”除了耙子，唯一的選擇就是手里拿著一塊平板，孩子們和其他需要額外服務(wù)的工人可以蹲下來使用。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularformatofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.”一個(gè)裝滿東西的袋子可以掛在男子自行車的三角形支架上，另一個(gè)袋子可以掛在橫梁上，有時(shí)甚至可以在上面放上第三個(gè)袋子。由此推斷，要想放三個(gè)袋子，需要保持其他兩個(gè)袋子的平衡。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Onagoodday,thepathtothebeachwasgenerallyadoublesnailtrackofwater...”天氣好的時(shí)候，通往海灘的道路通常是兩條蜿蜒的水道...。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章的作者主要關(guān)心的是…’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；根據(jù)這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定B選項(xiàng)“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“總結(jié)一個(gè)論點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較”和D選項(xiàng)“做出一系列的預(yù)測”都不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者寫作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從文章中可以推斷，第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會(huì)…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實(shí)施的策略能夠怎樣？根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國的制造商一直試圖通過削減成本來提高生產(chǎn)率，從而增強(qiáng)其國際競爭力。”確定C選項(xiàng)“增加他們的競爭優(yōu)勢”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強(qiáng)競爭力的，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀(jì)70年代美國企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況，所以D選項(xiàng)“介紹作者觀察結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對(duì)汽車制造商的研究表明，一個(gè)行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術(shù)上投資的囚徒，從而降低了開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力。’可以確定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個(gè)問題是，削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新，阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人。’所以B選項(xiàng)“支持前期有關(guān)一個(gè)提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問‘作者對(duì)大多數(shù)工廠文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個(gè)詞來描述？’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；所以B選項(xiàng)“無私的，公正的”正確。

11.單選題

Althoughhewasnotcaughtcheatingontheexam,thefeelingofguilt_______overandoveragain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascended

B.conquered

C.secured

D.recurred

【答案】D

【解析】ascended上升,追溯;conquered戰(zhàn)勝,征服;secured安全的,有把握的;recurred重現(xiàn)。句意：雖然他在考試中作弊沒有被抓,但他的負(fù)罪感還是一遍又一遍地浮現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drawup

B.bringabout

C.putforward

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。workout“算出；實(shí)現(xiàn)；制定出；消耗完；理解；鍛煉”；A選項(xiàng)drawup“起草；使靠近”；B選項(xiàng)bringabout“引起；帶來”；C選項(xiàng)putforward“提出；拿出”；D選項(xiàng)figureout“解決；想出；理解；斷定”。句意：我搞不懂為什么會(huì)有人發(fā)明這么無聊的東西。根據(jù)句中“whyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring為何有人發(fā)明如此無聊的一些東西”可知workout在這里的意思應(yīng)為“理解”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（

）andneedsproving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneous

B.intuitive

C.hypothetical

D.empirical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Spontaneous“自發(fā)的，自然的”；intuitive“直覺的，直觀的”；hypothetical“假設(shè)的”；empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”。根據(jù)題意“無論是誰提出了宇宙起源的理論”，這都是需要證明的，說明這只是一個(gè)假設(shè)。所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowt