書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appliance“器具，器械”；B選項(xiàng)accessory“配件，附件”；C選項(xiàng)machine“機(jī)器”；D選項(xiàng)mechanism“機(jī)制，原理，途徑”。句意：應(yīng)該有一種安全_____使火車不可能相撞。這里考查固定搭配safetymechanism“安全機(jī)制”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalization,bothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworld,hasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury.Butaretheeffectsofglobalizationalwayspositive?Somesayno.

MichaelTenet,headoftheInternationalInstituteforForeignRelationsinAtlanta,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization.“Eversincethe1980sandtheeconomiccollapseoftheAsianTigersinthelate1990s,therehasbeenare-evaluationoftheroleofglobalizationasaforceforgood,”hesaid.“Incomesinmanycountrieshavedeclinedandthegapbetweenthemostrichandthemostpoorhasbeenaggravated.Withoutfurtherinterventionbygovernments,wecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia.”

YetGeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet,seesnosuchdanger.“Economicliberalization,increasedtransparencyandmarket-basedreformshavepositiveeffectinthelongrun,evenifmarketmechanismscanproduceshort-termdestabilizationproblems,”hesaid.“Whatismostimportantisthatbarrierstotradecontinuetofallsothatactivecompetitionforconsumergoodsreducespricesandinturnraisestheaveragelevelofincome.”

Othersfeelthatglobalization’sculturalimpactmaybemoreimportantthanitseconomicimplications.JaniceYawed,anativeofAfrica,feelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage.“Mostoftheworld’sdialectswillbecomeextinctunderglobalization.We’repavingtheworldwithMcDonald’sandEnglishslang.Ittearsmeupinside,”shesaid.

Governmentsofdifferentcountrieshavehadmixedresponsestothewaveofglobalization.TheUnitedStatesisgenerallyseenasanactiveproponentofgreaterfreetrade,anditcertainlyhasenormousculturalinfluencebyvirtueofitsnearmonopolyonworldwideentertainment.Butothercountries,mostnotablyinEuropeanddevelopingnations,havesoughttoreducetheimpactthatglobalizationhasontheirdomesticaffairs.

“WhenIwasaboywehadverylittletospeakof,”saysoneSingaporeanresident.“Nowourcountryhasdevelopedintoaboominghubforinternationalfinance.”O(jiān)thers,however,arenotsooptimistic.“Globalizationisanevilforcethatmustbehalted,”aunionofficialatacarplantinDetroitrecentlycommented,“It’ssuckingawayjobsandkillingthespiritofourcountry.”

1.Asforglobalization,MichaelTenet’sattitudetoitismostprobablytobein（）.

2.TheviewsofMichaelTenetandGeorgeFrankonglobalizationarequite（）.

3.WhenmentioningJaniceYawed,theauthoristalkingabout（）.

4.Accordingtoparagraph5,differentcountriesconsiderglobalizationas（）.

5.Thetitlewhichbestexpressesthemainideaofthetextwouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.firmsupport

B.cautiousapproval

C.greatanxiety

D.strongrepentance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.identical

C.worrying

D.contrary

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.herlocalcultureandlanguage

B.theculturalimplicationsofglobalization

C.McDonald’sandEnglishslang

D.theeconomicimpactofglobalization

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.amixedblessing

B.anevilforce

C.anactivestimulus

D.aninterventionintheirdomesticaffairs

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.DisadvantagesofGlobalizationinEconomicArea

B.People’sResponsestotheImpactsofGlobalization

C.InfluenceofGlobalizationontheEconomyandCulture

D.DifferentRolesofGlobalizationintheDevelopmentofEconomy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MichaelTenet”定位到第二段第一句“MichaelTenet,...,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization.”說明MichaelTenet對(duì)全球化的態(tài)度是擔(dān)憂的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)上題可知MichaelTenet對(duì)全球化感到擔(dān)憂，而根據(jù)第三段第一句“YetGeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet,seesnosuchdanger.”GeorgeFrank卻沒有察覺到這樣的危險(xiǎn)。說明兩個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度是截然相反的，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“JaniceYawed”定位到第四段第二句“JaniceYawed,anativeofAfrica,feelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage.”JaniceYawed是非洲土著人，她強(qiáng)烈地感覺到全球化正在破壞當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕驼Z言。作者實(shí)際上是在說明全球化對(duì)文化的影響，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，不同國(guó)家的政府對(duì)全球化浪潮反應(yīng)不一樣。美國(guó)被普遍認(rèn)為是自由貿(mào)易的積極支持者，而且?guī)缀鯄艛嗔巳虻膴蕵罚哂芯薮蟮奈幕绊懥Α５牵渌麌?guó)家，特別是歐洲和發(fā)展中國(guó)家，已經(jīng)設(shè)法減少全球化對(duì)其國(guó)內(nèi)事務(wù)的影響。也就是說，全球化有利也有弊，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.文章第一段首先提出全球化的問題，接下來的幾段都是分別闡述人們乃至國(guó)家對(duì)全球化影響的反應(yīng)。所以選項(xiàng)B最能概括全文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.單選題

TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arisenfrom

B.contributedto

C.patchedup

D.participatedin

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.arisenfrom由……引起，起因于?B.contributedto導(dǎo)致

C.patchedup平息（爭(zhēng)吵）；修補(bǔ)（關(guān)系）D.participatedin參與

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞前文是“美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)（TheAmericanCivilWar）”，后文是“關(guān)于奴隸制的分歧（differencesoverslavery）”。根據(jù)歷史常識(shí)可知，美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是由南北政府關(guān)于奴隸制的分歧造成的，原文使用的是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此，A選項(xiàng)“由……引起，起因于”符合前后邏輯。原文stemmedfrom“起源于”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文邏輯。

【句意】美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)被認(rèn)為源于對(duì)奴隸制的分歧。

4.單選題

Thecompanyisonthevergeofbankruptcy,andthousandsofjobsareat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.danger

B.loss

C.threat

D.stake

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。atloss困惑不解；atstake兇吉難卜；選項(xiàng)A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：這家公司瀕臨破產(chǎn)，成千上萬的工作崗位岌岌可危。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.level

C.extent

D.quantity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。range“范圍”；level“水平，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，常強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的差異性和職權(quán)等的范圍”；extent“程度，范圍，長(zhǎng)度”；quantity“數(shù)量”。句意：這家報(bào)紙沒有提到由于火災(zāi)所造成的損害程度。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Inaddition,findingsrevealthatmalesreceivemoreteacherattentionthanfemales,boysreceivemorespecificcommentsabouttheiracademicperformance,[A]thattherearedifferences[B]favoringmalesintaskassignment,in[C]teacher’sexpectationofstudent’sbehaviorbasedongender,aswellasinsuchareasasoverallcurriculumdesign,classroomactivities,andeducationaltracking(particularlyinmath,science,vocationalcourses,[D]andextracurricularactivities).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thattherearedifferences

B.favoringmalesin

C.teacher’sexpectationofstudent’sbehavior

D.andextracurricularactivities

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。表示某方面有區(qū)別時(shí)，應(yīng)使用therearedifferencesin…，B和C選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)前少了一個(gè)in。

7.翻譯題

Ihavealwaysdislikedbeingaman.1.ThewholeideaofmanhoodinAmericaispitiful,inmyopinion.Eventheexpression“Beaman!”strikesmeasinsultingandabusive.Itmeans:Bestupid,beunfeeling,obedient,soldierlyandstopthinking.Manmeans“manly”—howcanonethinkaboutmenwithoutconsideringtheterribleambitionofmanliness?Andyetitispartofeveryman’slife.Itisahideousandcripplinglie;itnotonlyinsistsondifferenceandconnivesatsuperiority,itisalsobyitsverynaturedestructive—emotionallydamagingandsociallyharmful.

Itisveryhardtoimagineanyconceptofmanlinessthatdoesnotbelittlewomen,anditbeginsveryearly.AtanagewhenIwantedtomeetgirls—let’ssaythetreacherousyearsofthirteentosixteen—Iwastoldtotakeupasport,getmorefreshair,andIwasurgednottoreadsomuch.Ifyouaskedtoomanyquestionsaboutsexyouweresenttocamp—aboy’scamp,ofcourse:thenightmare.Nothingismoreunnaturalorprison-likethanaboy’scamp.

2.ItoughttobeclearbynowthatIhavesomethingofanobjectiontothewayweturnboysintomen.ItdoesnotsurprisemethatwhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshashiscustomaryweekendoffhedresseslikeacowboy—itisbothameasureofhisinsecurityandhiswillingnesstoplease.Inmanyways,AmericanculturedoeslittlemoreforamanthanpreparehimformodelingclothesintheL.L.Beancatalogue.

Therewasafearthatwritingwasnotamanlyprofession-indeed,notaprofessionatall.TheparadoxinAmericanlettersisthatithasalwaysbeeneasierforawomantowriteandforamantobepublished.3.Writingisonlymanlywhenitproduceswealth—moneyismasculinity.Soisdrinking,particularlytheabilitytodrinkanothermanunderthetable.AmaninAmericahastokilllions,huntducks,andcarryenoughknivesandgunsonhisshoulders,toprovethatheisjustasmuchamonsterasthenextman.Everythinginstereotypedmanlinessgoesagainstthelifeofthemind.

4.Therewouldbenopointinsayinganyofthisifitwerenotgenerallyacceptedthattobeamanissomehow—evennowinfeminist-influencedAmerica—aprivilege.Itisonthecontraryanunmercifulandpunishingburden.Beingamanisbadenough;beingmanlyisappalling.Itisthesinistersillinessofmen’sfashions,andaclubbyattitudeinthearts.Itisthesubversionofgoodstudents.Itistheso-called“DressCode”oftheRitz-CarltonHotelinBoston,anditistheinstitutionalizedcheatingincollegesports.Itisthemostprimitiveinsecurity.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.在我看來，美國(guó)的整個(gè)男子漢思想是很可憐的。就連“做個(gè)男子漢！”這樣的表達(dá)也讓我覺得是一種侮辱和謾罵。它意味著愚蠢、冷酷、順從、像士兵一樣魯莽，還指不愿意思考。男人意味著“有男子氣概”——人們?cè)谒伎寄腥说臅r(shí)候怎么能不考慮男子氣概的可怕野心呢？

2.我有點(diǎn)反對(duì)我們把男孩變成男人的方式。到目前為止，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該十分清楚。我絲毫不感到奇怪，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)在周末例行休假的時(shí)候，把自己打扮成牛仔——這既說明他沒有安全感又說明他想討好別人。

3.寫作只有在產(chǎn)生財(cái)富時(shí)才有男人味。有錢才有男人味。酗酒也意味著男人味，讓另一個(gè)男人喝趴下的能力尤其如此。美國(guó)男人必須捕殺獅子、獵取野鴨、肩上扛滿刀槍，以證明他像別的男人一樣殘忍。刻板印象中男人氣概的一切都不利于心智生活。

4.即便是在受女權(quán)主義影響的美國(guó)，做男人也是一種特權(quán)。如果不是由于這種觀念被世人廣為認(rèn)同，那談上述情況就毫無意義了。相反，做男人是一個(gè)過重的、帶有懲罰性質(zhì)的負(fù)擔(dān)。身為男人糟糕透頂，有男子氣概則讓人心驚膽戰(zhàn)。

8.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.beingbased被根據(jù)B.havebeenbased被根據(jù)

C.base根據(jù)D.bebased被根據(jù)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。

【解題思路】Besaidtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“據(jù)說……”，所以空格處的動(dòng)詞要用原形；主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)wassaid，而base這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在wassaid之前，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配；

C、D項(xiàng)不符合時(shí)態(tài)。

【句意】據(jù)說這篇報(bào)道是根據(jù)可靠的消息來源寫成的。

9.單選題

Ⅳ.(CriminalLaw)

ThefirstchallengeforcriminalresponsibilityforcollectiveperpetrationsiswhetherthenotionofcollectiveactioncanbemadesenseforthepurposesofInternationalCriminalLaw.AsKutzsuggeststheissueofinclusionandexclusionofmembersfromacollectiveactionis“alwaysbothnormativeandfactual”,because“thechoiceofappropriatedescriptivelevel”remainsamatteroflegalpolicy.Iftherequirementsforcollectiveactionaresettoostrictthenmanyparticipantswillbeexcused.Ontheotherhandtoolaxrequirementsincreaseprosecutor’sdiscretionandallowchargingwiderrangeofindividuals,attheexpenseofimplicatingtoomanyindividualsandpossiblyrenderingpunishmentcontroversialandover-inclusiveonthelevelofthesystem.

Inanycaseacollectiveintentionstestisnecessaryinordertobeabletoholdanyparticularindividualresponsibleasopposedtochargingeveryoneontheoneextreme,orattributingharmtoindeterminatecausesontheother.Besidesidentifyingindividualsinvolvedincooperativeharmdoingcollectiveintentionwillbenecessaryforattributionofharmtosuchcausallyresponsibleindividuals.Furthermoreasarguedinthesectiononmoralblameaconsiderationofdecisionmethodinacollectiveaction,whichisnecessaryfordistributionofmoralblame,isalsoimpossiblewithoutaconceptionofcollectiveintention.

Theproblemofcollectiveintentionsisdownplayedbythe“romantic”argumentforcollectiveguilt,asitjumpstodrawthemembershipalongthestatelines,whichultimatelyleadstoproblemsof“guiltlesssincerity”and“excessoftransmissionbybirth”.Partofthe“romantic”appealstemsfromtheimplicationofstateagencyincrimesagainsthumanity(through“stateandorganizationalpolicy”)andwarcrimesaccordingtothepublicinternationallaw.Whereasthequestionsofretroactivesuspensionoflegalordersorimmunityofstateofficialsaresometimesstillrelevantlegalobstaclesforprosecutinghumanrightsviolations,thisworkdiscardssuchissuesasirrelevantforthepurposesofexcusesandjustificationsundertheRomeStatute(國(guó)際刑事法院羅馬規(guī)約).Collectiveactionincasesofcrimesagainsthumanityorwarcrimescouldbemanifestedinspontaneouscoordinatedactions,mobviolence,governmentactionsordecentralizednetworksoutsidethecolorofthelaw.Variouspassiveorindeterminatefacts,suchasmilitaryculture,religiousortraditionalinstitutions,ideologyorlegalsystemcanandoftenaremanipulatedbyperpetratorstoblendcollectiveactionwithhistorical,naturalorevensupernaturalcauses.Thiswayevenleadersandinfluentialdecisionmakerswouldclaimthattheyfollowednecessityorthattheircrueltyweredeterminedbytheanarchic,anomicorelseapocalypticconditionsofwar.

63.Thebesttopicforthefirstparagraphis___.

64.Todeterminecollectiveintentionsisnecessary___.

65.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTmentionedintheparagraph3?

66.PerpetratorscanandoftenmanipulatethefollowingBUT___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.CriminalResponsibilityforCollectivePerpetrations

B.TheDefectofSettingTooStrictaLevel

C.TheDifficultiesinChoosinganAppropriateDescriptiveLevelofCollectiveAction

D.TheDefectofSettingTooLaxaLevel

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toholdanyparticularindividualresponsible

B.tochargeeveryoneresponsible

C.foraconsiderationofdecisionmethod

D.toattributeharmtoindeterminatecauses

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theargumentofcollectiveguiltdilutestheproblemsofcollectiveintentions.

B.Theretroactivesuspensionoflegalorderissometimesrelevanttohumanrightsviolations.

C.Theargumentofcollectiveguiltstemsfrompublicinternationallaw.

D.Theargumentofcollectiveguiltdealswithmembershipthroughstateresponsibility.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.militaryculture

B.religiousortraditionalinstitutions

C.ideologyorlegalsystem

D.collectiveaction.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】63.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段AsKutzsuggeststheissueofinclusionandexclusionofmembersfromacollectiveactionis“alwaysbothnormativeandfactual”,because“thechoiceofappropriatedescriptivelevel”remainsamatteroflegalpolicy.（正如庫茨所指出，將成員納入和排除在集體行動(dòng)之外的問題“總是規(guī)范性和事實(shí)性的”，因?yàn)椤斑x擇適當(dāng)?shù)拿枋鏊健比匀皇且粋€(gè)法律政策問題）可知選C選項(xiàng)“在選擇適當(dāng)?shù)募w行動(dòng)描述水平方面的困難”；A選項(xiàng)“集體犯罪的刑事責(zé)任”；B選項(xiàng)“等級(jí)設(shè)置過嚴(yán)的缺陷”以及D選項(xiàng)“水平設(shè)置過松的缺陷”都是為了證明選擇適當(dāng)?shù)募w行動(dòng)描述水平的困難，是這一觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)，不足以概括第一段的內(nèi)容。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段第一句Inanycaseacollectiveintentionstestisnecessaryinordertobeabletoholdanyparticularindividualresponsibleasopposedtochargingeveryoneontheoneextreme,orattributingharmtoindeterminatecausesontheother.（在任何情況下，集體意圖檢驗(yàn)都是必要的，以便能夠追究任何特定個(gè)人的責(zé)任，而不是將所有人歸為一個(gè)極端，或?qū)w因于另一種不確定的原因）可知選A選項(xiàng)“追究任何特定個(gè)人的責(zé)任”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“追究每個(gè)人的責(zé)任”，D選項(xiàng)“將傷害歸因于不確定的原因”不符合原文；第二段Furthermoreasarguedinthesectiononmoralblameaconsiderationofdecisionmethodinacollectiveaction,whichisnecessaryfordistributionofmoralblame,isalsoimpossiblewithoutaconceptionofcollectiveintention.（此外，正如道德責(zé)備一節(jié)所論證的那樣，如果沒有集體意圖的概念，集體行動(dòng)中決策方法的考慮也是不可能的，這對(duì)于道德責(zé)備的分配是必要的）可知集體行動(dòng)中決策方法的考慮對(duì)道德責(zé)備的分配是必要的，而不是對(duì)集體意圖必要，C選項(xiàng)“考慮決策方法”邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Theproblemofcollectiveintentionsisdownplayedbythe“romantic”argumentforcollectiveguilt（集體罪責(zé)的“浪漫”論點(diǎn)淡化了集體意圖的問題）對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“集體犯罪的論點(diǎn)淡化了集體意圖的問題”；第三段Whereasthequestionsofretroactivesuspensionoflegalordersorimmunityofstateofficialsaresometimesstillrelevantlegalobstaclesforprosecutinghumanrightsviolations（然而，追溯中止法律命令或國(guó)家官員豁免的問題有時(shí)仍然是起訴侵犯人權(quán)行為的相關(guān)法律障礙）對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)“追溯中止法律秩序有時(shí)與侵犯人權(quán)有關(guān)”；第二段Partofthe“romantic”appealstemsfromtheimplicationofstateagencyincrimesagainsthumanity(through“stateandorganizationalpolicy”)andwarcrimesaccordingtothepublicinternationallaw.（這種“浪漫”的吸引力部分源于國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)涉嫌違反國(guó)際公法的反人類罪（通過“國(guó)家和組織政策”）和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪）對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)“集體有罪的論點(diǎn)源于國(guó)際公法”；D選項(xiàng)“集體犯罪的論點(diǎn)通過國(guó)家責(zé)任來處理成員問題”未在第三段提及。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

66.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Perpetrators”定位到原文最后一段Variouspassiveorindeterminatefacts,suchasmilitaryculture,religiousortraditionalinstitutions,ideologyorlegalsystemcanandoftenaremanipulatedbyperpetratorstoblendcollectiveactionwithhistorical,naturalorevensupernaturalcauses.（各種消極或不確定的事實(shí)，如軍事文化、宗教或傳統(tǒng)機(jī)構(gòu)、意識(shí)形態(tài)或法律制度，可以而且往往被肇事者操縱，將集體行動(dòng)與歷史、自然甚至超自然原因相結(jié)合）對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“軍事文化”，B選項(xiàng)“宗教或傳統(tǒng)機(jī)構(gòu)”以及C選項(xiàng)“意識(shí)形態(tài)或法律體系”；不涉及D選項(xiàng)“集體行動(dòng)”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Thelanguageexpertsbelievethatthe（

）ageforlearningaforeignlanguageis6yearsold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceptual

B.considerate

C.optimal

D.component

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:語言專家相信學(xué)一門外語最佳的年齡是6歲。

conceptual概念上的。considerate體貼的；體諒的；考慮周到的optimal最佳的；最理想的。component組成的，構(gòu)成。

11.單選題

1.Notsatisfiedthathisopinionshouldpasswithoutcontradiction,hewasdeterminedtohaveit______bythesuffrageofeveryoneinthecompany.

2.Ishouldpreferthetitleofancientphilosopher,“acitizenoftheworld’toanyother______whatever.

3.Itworksbyelicitingthegeneralprincipleswhichapplytothefacts,astheyexist,andthenbyanintellectualsurveyof______possibilitieswhichareconsistentwiththoseprinciples.

4.Theypayasmuch______totheunderstandingofamanofanestate,asofamanoflearning.

5.Nay,thereisnostandor______inthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

【答案】第1題:J

第2題:E

第3題:F

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.deference遵從，尊重F.alternative可供替代的；可供選擇的事物

B.emulation仿效G.multiplicity多樣性，多種多樣

C.impediment妨礙，阻礙H.alleviate減輕，緩和

D.demonstration示范，證明I.justified有正當(dāng)理由的；證明……正當(dāng)

E.appellation名稱，稱呼J.ratified批準(zhǔn)

1.【答案】J

【解題思路】根據(jù)have可知，havesth.done為固定搭配，表示“完成某事”，所以空格處要填入一個(gè)過去分詞，只有I項(xiàng)和J項(xiàng)能選。由句子意思“他決定通過公司全體成員的投票來______他的意見”可知，空格處填入“批準(zhǔn)”符合句意。因此，該題選擇J項(xiàng)。

【句意】他不滿于自己的意見能夠毫無異議地獲得通過，于是決定通過公司全體成員的投票來批準(zhǔn)他的意見。

2.【答案】E

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)為名詞。Prefer…to…表示“相比……更喜歡……”，根據(jù)前半句中的thetitleof（……的稱謂）可知，空格部分表示“稱呼”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇E項(xiàng)。

【句意】相對(duì)于其他任何稱呼，我寧愿稱作古代哲人，即一個(gè)世界公民。

3.【答案】F

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)為形容詞，只有F項(xiàng)和I項(xiàng)能選。根據(jù)句子意思“它通過引出適用于存在事實(shí)的一般原則，然后對(duì)與這些原則相一致的______可能性進(jìn)行理智的考察來發(fā)揮作用”可知，由possibilities可推斷，空格處填入alternative符合句意。因此，該題選擇F項(xiàng)。

【句意】它通過引出適用于存在事實(shí)的一般原則，然后對(duì)與這些原則相一致的各種可能性進(jìn)行理智的考察來發(fā)揮作用。

4.【答案】A

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)為含有動(dòng)作意義的名詞。由句意“他們______有學(xué)問的人的理解力，同樣也______有地位的人的理解力”可知，選項(xiàng)中只有deference符合句子意思。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

【句意】他們既尊重有學(xué)問的人的理解力，同樣也尊重有地位的人的理解力。

5.【答案】C

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)為名詞。由or可知，空格處的詞語與前面的stand（停滯）含義相近，選項(xiàng)中只有impediment表示“停滯”的意思。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

【句意】人之才智但有滯礙，無不可讀適當(dāng)之書使之順暢。

12.單選題

Hewasafraidhewouldhaveto（

）herinvitationtotheparty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refute

B.reject

C.return

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。refute“駁倒，反駁，用證據(jù)證明是假的”；reject“拒絕，謝絕，指斷然拒絕接受某人或某物或要求”；return“返回”；decline“婉拒”。句意：他擔(dān)心他將不得不拒絕她的參加聚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。婉拒符合題意。故D項(xiàng)正確。

13.問答題

Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).

【答案】試題答案：B;tolive

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodosth.意為“更喜歡做某事”。

14.單選題

“GangnamStyle”，the（

）popularsongfromSouthKoreanrecordingartistPSYhasjustbecomethemostwatchedvideoonYouTubeever.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sanely

B.insanely

C.rationally

D.insatiably

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。sanely“穩(wěn)健地，理智地”；insanely“瘋狂地，精神錯(cuò)亂地”；rationally“理性地，講道理地”；insatiably“貪得無厭地，無法滿足地”。句意：韓國(guó)唱片藝人PSY的瘋狂流行的“江南Style”在YouTube上成了觀看次數(shù)最多的視頻。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Incontrasttounmonitoredworkersdoingthesamework,（

）withoutexceptionidentifiedthemostimportantelementintheirjobsascustomerservice,themonitoredworkersandsupervisorsallrespondedthatproductivity（

）thecriticalfactorinassigningratings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which...are

B.who...was

C.that...were

D.which...is

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。第一個(gè)空格指代前面句子中的名詞unmonitoredworkers。第二個(gè)空格處做賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，主語是productivity，因此只能用三單形式。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Hispositionwascontrarytothatoftheteacher's.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.opposite

C.foreseeable

D.contentious

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。題目中becontraryto表示“與……相反”；A選項(xiàng)besimilarto表示“與……類似的，相似的”；B選項(xiàng)beoppositeto表示“與……相反的，對(duì)立的”；C選項(xiàng)為“可預(yù)見的，可預(yù)知的”；D選項(xiàng)為“有異議的，有爭(zhēng)論的”。由句意可知，他的位置與老師相反。因此，正確答案是B項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication―butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalkbeforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.

7.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause____.

8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?

9.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT____.

10.Thephrase“paystributeto”inPara.7isclosestinmeaningto____.

11.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”?

12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople

B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness

C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication

D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.

B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.

C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speeches.

D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.toconvincepeopleinadebate

B.toinformpeopleatapresentation

C.toadvisepeopleatwork

D.toentertainpeopleatawedding

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.expressesone’ssympathyorpity

B.expressesone’sadmirationorrespect

C.expressesone’scomfortorencouragement

D.expressesone’ssadnessormelancholy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.

B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.

C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.

D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.

B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.

C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.

D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:B

【解析】7.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1）精準(zhǔn)定位：根據(jù)題干“作者認(rèn)為口語仍然是不可替代的，因?yàn)開___”，可定位到原文第2段Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:Persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.（口語可以有各種重要的功能：勸說或激勵(lì)、告知、表達(dá)敬意、娛樂、或單純介紹某人或某事或接受某事。）

2）綜合理解：A選項(xiàng)“它一直被用來激勵(lì)或說服人們”，是原文提到的原因之一，但不是全部，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全，排除；B選項(xiàng)“它在娛樂業(yè)中扮演著重要的角色”，原文雖然提到了entertaining，但原文指的就是娛樂，而不是選項(xiàng)中所說的娛樂業(yè)，更沒有說在娛樂業(yè)中扮演著重要角色，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念，排除；C選項(xiàng)“它在人類交流中扮演著重要的角色”，該選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文各種功能的概括，表述正確；D選項(xiàng)“它在日常生活中很有用”，可定位到原文第8段It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.（不僅僅是在世界論壇上，公眾演講扮演著重要的角色。在我們自己的生活中，它也會(huì)有驚人的幫助。）根據(jù)句意，該選項(xiàng)指提到了日常生活一個(gè)方面，而沒有提到其他方面，屬于以偏概全，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

8.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1）精準(zhǔn)定位：題干“關(guān)于公眾演講的作用，下列哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？”

A選項(xiàng)“在世界論壇上的發(fā)言可以為解決世界問題帶來有效的措施”可定位到原文第4段最后一句WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.（當(dāng)各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人2009年12月在哥本哈根會(huì)晤時(shí)，活動(dòng)人士富有說服力的言辭鼓勵(lì)他們承諾采取更堅(jiān)定的行動(dòng)。）哥本哈根會(huì)晤是世界論壇，但是原文指是說發(fā)言“鼓勵(lì)他們承諾采取更堅(jiān)定的行動(dòng)”，而不是選項(xiàng)中所說“帶來了有效的解決措施”，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于過度推理。

B選項(xiàng)“在流行病時(shí)期，醫(yī)療權(quán)威的演講可以讓人們平靜下來”，可定位到原文第6段最后兩句WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.（當(dāng)H1N1流感大流行出現(xiàn)時(shí)，“豬流感”的想法嚇壞了許多人。世界衛(wèi)生組織官員的信息豐富的講話幫助人們控制恐慌情緒，以便采取明智的預(yù)防措施。）世界衛(wèi)生組織官員地演講安撫了人們對(duì)H1N1流行病的恐慌情緒，選項(xiàng)表述正確。

C選項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)斗前，高級(jí)軍官的演講可以提高士兵的士氣”，可定位到原文第5段最后一句Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.（在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，將軍們用鼓舞人心的演講讓軍隊(duì)做好戰(zhàn)斗準(zhǔn)備。）將軍演講可以鼓勵(lì)士兵做好戰(zhàn)斗準(zhǔn)備，即提高士氣，選項(xiàng)表述正確。

D選項(xiàng)“悼念死者的演講可以安慰哀悼者”，可定位到原文第7段第1句Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontribution