Haveyoueverseenthesesigns?parking,spitting,littering,smoking-ingformsThe–ingformastheSubjectandObjectUnit2一、動(dòng)名詞形式

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式普通式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語表示抽象或泛指動(dòng)作,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Readingaloud

isveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.

ToreadaloudwillhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語Ing做主語和動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)做主語有什么不一樣？動(dòng)名詞經(jīng)常表示泛指動(dòng)作，而不定式通常指詳細(xì)動(dòng)作。

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語表示抽象或泛指動(dòng)作,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Readingaloud

isveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.

ToreadaloudwillhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語二、功效及使用方法(作主語)1.名詞作主語時(shí)，句子有三種形式：①動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語位置上。1)捉弄他人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干._______________________issomethingweshouldneverdo．2)學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對我來說非常主要。____________________isveryimportantforme．3)說比做輕易。___________iseasierthandoing.PlayingtricksonothersLearningnewwordsTalking②

用形式主語it，把真正主語——?jiǎng)用~結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定限制，作表語只能是一些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等;形容詞有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。

如：

It’snousesweepingtears.Itwasawasteoftimedoingsuchathing.Exer.P13_二、功效及使用方法(作主語)歸納:慣用-ing形式作主語句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing

做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間Itis/wasnogood/usedoing

做……是沒用處Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing

做……不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing

做……是值得③在therebe+no+v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，=“Itisimpossibletodo…”表示“沒法……不允許...”。

如：1)Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．

若要人不知，除非己莫為。2)這種事開不得玩笑。

Thereis________________aboutsuchmatter.3)無法知道他什么時(shí)候離開。

Therewas_____________whenhewouldleave.二、功效及使用方法(作主語)nojokingnoknowingThereisnodoing

無法……;不允許……Thereisnosenseindoing做…沒有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing干…無意義Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒有比…更糟Thereis/wasnopointdoing干…無意義我們不知道要去哪兒。Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.做這件傻事毫無意義。Thereisnopoint

doing

suchasillything.注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth

干……沒必要,在此句式中todo不可換為doing.沒有必要告訴她。Thereisnoneedtotellher.

1.有些動(dòng)詞和短語等后能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，而不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。如： We’reconsidering_________(pay)avisittotheScienceMuseum. I’mfondof_________

(collect)stampsandcoins.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語payingcollecting考慮提議盼原諒，認(rèn)可推遲沒得想，防止錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否定完成停能賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語動(dòng)詞歌訣:consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape

forbid,risk,imagine這類動(dòng)詞還有:giveup,insiston,mention,feellike,preferdoingtodoing,endup,bebusy(in),prevent/stop/keep…from…protect/preserve…from..payattentionto,beaccustomedto,beusedtodoing,getdownto…,stickto,leadto,objectto等。我們必須設(shè)法防止犯一樣錯(cuò)誤。Wemusttryto

avoid________thesamemistake．晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎?Doyou

feel

like______awalkwithmeaftersupper?人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢人。People

couldn’t

help________

that

foolishman．

repeatinghavinglaughing注：need,require,want作“需要”解時(shí),后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語,主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于tobedone。Theradioneeds/requires/wants____________________________（repair）.

repairing/toberepaired2.既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語動(dòng)詞,常見有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget，remember,hate等。

like,love,hate,prefer用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不一樣,動(dòng)名詞表示泛指動(dòng)作,不定式表示詳細(xì)一次性動(dòng)作。B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動(dòng)名詞和不定式,意義無甚區(qū)分.C.在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret之后意義不一樣不要忘了給你母親寫信。

Don’tforget

to

write

toyourmother．我真后悔沒趕上那次匯報(bào)會(huì)。I

regret

missing

thereport．我遺憾地告訴你我不能接收你提議。

Iregret

to

say

Ican’ttakeyouradvice．goondoinggoontodomeandoingmeantodostopdoingstoptodo做某事繼續(xù)做原來做事接著做另一件事意味著要做某事想要做某事停頓做某事停下來(別事)開始trydoing試著做某事trytodo努力做某事beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事

beusedtodo被用來做某事can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能幫助做某事V-ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Doyoumindmycominglateforthefilm?Mary’sbeinglateforclassmadeherteacherangry.mecominglateforthefilm?物主代詞與名詞全部格與V-ing組成邏輯上主謂關(guān)系形容詞性物主代詞+doing名詞’s+doing代詞賓格+doing名詞+doing作主語、賓語作賓語________madehimveryupset.HislosingbikeB.Tom’slosingbikeC.HimlosingbikeD.Tomlosingbike注：動(dòng)詞-ing形式否定形式是在其前面加not，帶有邏輯主語時(shí)not應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞-ing形式之前。如：__________________(沒有刷牙)madehersmellbad.Yourschoolmate’s____________________(沒有按時(shí)回家)madeherparentsworried.NotcleaningherteethnotcominghomeintimeBillsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.

A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.holdExercises

2.Thewomanfounditnogood_____herdaughtertoomuchmoney.A.givingB.beinggivenC.givenD.gave3._____madethestudent____interestinhisstudies.A.Beingpunished;toloseB.Punished;loseC.Beingpunished;loseD.Havingbeenpunished;lost4.OurEnglishteachersuggestedwepractise_____Englisheveryday.A.tospeakB.speakC.speakingD.spoke5.Ireallycan’tunderstand____herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating6.____thehomeworkmadehisfatherlosehistemper.A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.TheboynothavingdoneC.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone依據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)漢語提醒,完成以下句子。

1._____________(大聲朗誦)inthelibrary