1、Picture and music are to be added.A Warm Welcome To All!1.supersede2.detrimental3.night shift取代有害的夜班4.presumptuous自以為是5.engrossed全神貫注的6.futile徒勞的7.wither枯萎8.resolute堅定的Do you know the meanings of the following words or expressions?能力類別200320042005200620071.判斷推理443232.分析綜合532343.猜測詞義244434.作者意圖、態度123

2、25.歸納中心、主題242336.理解事實45323歷年NMET閱讀理解各題型大綱要求：根據上下文判斷某些詞匯和短語的意義。測試方式：一是閱讀理解中有3%的生詞（不包括根據構詞法可以推斷詞義的詞），可能會對正確理解文意造成障礙；二是閱讀理解設題中設有猜測詞義題，所設的詞匯或短語可能是熟悉的，也有可能是不熟悉的。Definition 定義法Similarity 相似法Contrast 對比法Cause and Effect因果法猜測詞義Example 例舉法Context 上下文 Word Formation 構詞法Summary:高考英語閱讀理解詞 義 猜 測 技 巧詞義猜測題常用提問方式有：

3、 The word “” refers to /probably means /could best be replaced by _. The word “” is most likely to mean _. What do you think the expression “” stands for? The underlined word “” means _. 1)It will be very hard but very brittlethat is , it will break easily . 從后面的解釋中，我們可以了解到brittle是“易碎的，脆的”的意思 2) The

4、 herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定語從句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧羊人”。3)“ecopassages” may help animals cross the road without being hurt by cars. They are paths both over and under roads. (05 浙江 , B)A. an underground path for cars B. a fence built for the safety

5、 of the area C. a bridge for animals to get over a river D. a pass for animals to cross the road分析：由定義可知 jam一詞在俚語中的意思是“困境”。4)In slang(俚語)the term “jam” refers to a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.Tip oneDefinition 定義法：一般通過定義、定語從句/詞組或同位語從句/詞組來確定詞義。定義

6、句的謂語動詞通常為be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as等。1)Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented. 從表示轉折的詞however 可推斷出dissented 就是disagreed 2)She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.A on time B late C slowly D qu

7、ickly A根據句意及but 可推知, 后半句的意思是他今天在“第一節上了一半才來”，因此反向推理，可得出他平時一向“準時”的結論。3) A good manager can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.分析： 句子前后是對比關系，即把熟練工人和非熟練工人區別開。分析：be a hassle be a basket of fun4) A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun .(02

8、NMET E) A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guestsTip TwoContrast 對比法：利用文中的反義詞、表對比關系的詞猜測詞義。一些表示意思轉折、對比的詞和短語：though, as, although, despite, while, in spite of ,still , but, yet , while, on the contrary

9、, in contrast, on the other hand, unlike, not, instead等 1)Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact , that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.enormous 的意義據后面 “The job is so large” 可知艱巨的。 2) Although he often had

10、the chance, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endanger his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.分析：作者為避免重復使用endanger一詞，用其同義詞jeopardize來替代，由此可以推知其詞義“危害,使受危困”。Similarity 相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測詞義。可以表示同類關系的常用詞有as, or, similarly, like, just as,

11、also等。Tip Three1) One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. 從后面“急需食物和衣服”中可以看出destitute是“窮困的”意思。2) That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 既然一天之內看不完所有的展品，這個博物館當然是夠“大的”了。3) The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 ce

12、ntimeters high. Pruning is important to the growth of tender shoots, of young leaves.A. regular cutting of the plants B. frequent watering C. regular use of chemicals D. growing the plant high in the mountainCause & Effect 因果法：從原因推測結果，從結果推測原因。表因果的引導詞有because, since, as, for, so, therefore, so/suchth

13、at, so that等。 Tip Four1) Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance , washing-machine, refrigerators and color televisions.洗衣機，冰箱和彩電都屬于設備、器械一類。分析：由后文引出的wars and great scientific discoveries可以猜出epochal的大致意義是“重要的”，這與其確切意義“劃時代的”十分接近。2) The results of epochal events

14、such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not limited to a small geographical area as they were in the past.3) Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. ( 04 北京 D) A. still exists

15、 B. keeps its shape C. still stays solid D. is beyond reachExample 例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。常見的舉例的提示詞有for instance, for example, such as 等 。Tip Five中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴有super- (超) mini-（極小的，微小的） micro-（極微小的） re- （再，反復） mis-（誤，惡） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非）non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，無） -wards (向)Can you guess the mea

16、nings of the following words?superman nonnatural homeless rebuild microwave mispronounce nonsmoker eastwards informalsuperman (超人) nonnatural (非自然的) homeless (無家可歸的)rebuild (重建) microwave (微波) informal(非正式的)mispronounce(發錯音)nonsmoker(非煙民)eastwards (向東)Have you got the right answers? Im going to buy

17、a microbus. micro+bus 微型公共汽車 Word Formation 構詞法：英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）、詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉變原詞的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭、詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易地猜測所構成的新詞的含義了。Tip Six1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I coul

18、d make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.A see clearly B understand C expectB從上句“他顯得非常緊張，講了一會我才懂得他講的內容”中判斷make out意為understand，故選 B。 2).Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground and bring out these secrets. They

19、discover objects thousands of years old that inform us about how people lived long ago.分析：archaeologist為“考古學家”。 3)One of the newest American expression is “Where is the beef?” It questions if it is as good or as honest as it claims to be.分析：根據第二個句子的意思，可推測“Where is the beef?”之意為“證據在哪里?”Context 上下文：利用

20、語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義Tip Seven一、Definition 定義法三、Similarity 相似法二、Contrast 對比法四、Cause and Effect因果法猜測詞義五、Example 例舉法七、Context 上下文 六、Word Formation 構詞法Summary: Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?-1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice.A 雪

21、山 B 樹枝 C 冰河 D 冰2. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A 租用 B 借出 C 購買 D 參觀 CA3. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A work B study C na

22、me D interest4. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A 愛貓的 B 古怪的 C 閑不住 D 動物保護主義者5. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.A 便士 B 溫飽 C 非常貧困 D 虛弱 ABC6. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while

23、her husband is the silent type. A 活潑的 B 好動的 C 多嘴多舌的 D 可愛的7. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A town B capital C countryside D houseCC鞏 固 訓 練1、Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.2、Unlike her

24、 gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.3、Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.4、Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also re

25、gard drinking as harmful.突出（構詞法）愛交際的（對比關系）有害的（同類關系）語義學（同位語）上下文5、“Why didnt you keep the money? ” asked the thief. The professor relied, “I couldnt because it is not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thiefs offer of a reward.(02 上海春季 A) A. accepting B. claiming C. rejecting D. canceling 6、One o

26、f Britains bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected police killer David Bieberand was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to 30,000 reward money.(04 湖南 E) A. get B. be paid C. ask for D. own 7、There is no cure for Alz

27、heimers. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms(癥狀).(04 湖北 B) A. a medicine to cure Alzheimers B. a medicine to delay signs of aging C. a medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimers D. a medicine to cure brain damage生活常識轉折8.It is true that lighthouses

28、were built in out-of-the-way places. But in a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation(隔離、孤立) has a natural beauty that many people love to experierce.(05 重慶 D)A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D. secret9.Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be careful

29、ly cultivated.(05 廣東 B) A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed10.Rainforsts like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.(05 福建 C)A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving out轉 折對 比常識 同學們在解這類題時一定要注意不要脫離語境。有些常用詞在特定的上下文中，

30、或專業性文章中，具有特殊的或專門的詞義。在解這類題時，必須仔細地研讀劃線部分的上下文，有時閱讀的視線還要擴大一些。如果離開特定的語言環境來理解生詞意義，必然選錯答案。 思考的人是最美麗的。One, who thinks, is the most beautiful.Thank you all for your attendance and any comments are welcomed.Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents ro