1、2021屆高考英語二輪復習專題講義全程跟蹤專題八定語從句2021屆高考英語二輪復習專題講義全程跟蹤專題八定語從句2021屆高考英語二輪復習專題講義全程跟蹤專題八定語從句專題八 定語從句命題規律:2020年新高考I卷及近五年課標卷在語篇型填空中重點考查對定語從句的掌握。定語從句重點考查了連接詞that 和who的用法.命題趨勢：對定語從句的考查仍會成為以后高考的熱點和重點.一、定語從句中的一些基本概念在復合句中做定語,修飾名詞、代詞或整個句子的從句叫作定語從句。定語從句在句中的作用相當于形容詞.被修飾的部分叫作先行詞，連接先行詞與從句的詞叫作關系詞。二、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別限制

2、性定語從句：對先行詞起修飾限制作用例：He has two sons who work in the same company。（Perhaps he has more than two sons.）他有兩個在同一家公司上班的兒子.非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明作用。先行詞與定語從句往往由逗號隔開。相當于并列分句、狀語從句等。例：He has two sons，who work in the same company。（He has only two sons。）他有兩個兒子，他們在同一家公司上班.練習:同義句轉換1、That is his father，and he works in

3、Shanghai.That is his father, works in Shanghai。2、I like the boy，who is very lovely。I like the boy， he is very lovely3、He told me a story yesterday，and I thought it was very interesting.He told me a story yesterday， I thought was very interesting.答案:1、who2、because/for3、which 三、關系代詞的基本用法1. who用于限制性或非限

4、制性定語從句。先行詞指人,who在定語從句中作主語、賓語。在限制性定語從句中who可用that代替。例：She is the girl who（that）lives next door.她就是住在隔壁的女孩。Do you know the boy who（that)is standing there？你認識正站在那里的那個男孩嗎？2。 whom用于限制性或非限制性定語從句。先行詞指人,whom在定語從句中作賓語。在限制性定語從句中可用who或that代替，但介詞提到關系代詞前,只能用whom。例：Thats the girl(whom/who/that）I teach.那就是我教的那個女孩.T

5、his is the scientist，the achievements of whom are well known。(=This is the scientist，of whom the achievements are well known.）這就是那位成就卓著的科學家。3。 which用于限制性或非限制性定語從句。先行詞指物或一句話，which在定語從句中作主語、賓語.在限制性定語從句中which可用that代替。例：That is the book（that/which）I want to read。那就是我想要讀的那本書。He was late again,which made

6、the teacher very unhappy。他又遲到了，這使得老師很不高興.4. that只用于限制性定語從句。先行詞指人或物，that在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。指人時通常可以和who，whom互換，指物時可以和which互換，但關系代詞作賓語且介詞提到其前面,不用that。例:She is the girl that（who）likes sports。她就是那個喜歡運動的女孩。That is the place that（which）all of us are eager to visit.那就是我們大家都急于參觀的地方.5。 whose用于限制性或非限制性定語從句。先行詞指人或

7、物，whose在定語從句中作定語,相當于of whom或of which。例：This is the scientist whose achievements are well known。這就是那位成就卓著的科學家。This is the house whose window broke last night。這就是昨晚窗戶壞了的那所房子6。 as1）用于限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人或物，as在限制性定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語。常用句型為：such（+名詞）+as.。（像一樣的,像之類的）the same+名詞+as.。.（和同樣的）例：We have found such materia

8、ls as are used in their factory.我們已經找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料.（as作主語)This book is not such as I expect。這不是我想要的書。（as作賓語)I have the same book as he has。我和他有同樣的書。(as作賓語）2)用于非限制性定語從句中，as指代整個主句的內容，意為:正如，像例：As is known to us all，China is in the east of Asia.眾所周知，中國在亞洲的東部。練習：用who，whom，which，that,whose，as填空1、The hous

9、e windows face north belongs to him.2、The man you met just now is my brother.3、The man is walking in the playground is my old friend。4、Take the book is lying on the table.5、She is such a girl is always finding fault with other people。答案1、whose2、who/whom/that3、who/that4、which/that5、as四、關系代詞which和that

10、的區別1。 限制性定語從句中，用關系代詞that而不能用which的情況1)當先行詞是不定代詞all，little，few,much，everything，anything，nothing，none，some等時。例：Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？你有什么要為自己說的嗎？2)當先行詞前面有the only，the very（恰恰，正好），any，every，no，all，few,little，much，the right，the last等詞修飾時.例:This is the very bus that Im wa

11、iting for。這就是我正在等的公共汽車。3)當先行詞是形容詞最高級或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時。例：This is the best way that has been used against pollution.這是曾經用過的最好的抗污染的辦法。4）當先行詞是序數詞或先行詞的前面有序數詞修飾時.例：He was the second person that told me the secret。他是第二個告訴我那個秘密的人。5）當先行詞既有人又有物時.例：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about

12、？你知道他們正在談論的事和人嗎？6)當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。例：Which is the bike that you lost？哪輛是你丟的自行車？7)有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關系代詞宜用which,另外一個宜用that。例： This is the book that you bought which you have lost.這就是你買的并且丟了的那本書。2.當先行詞指事/物時,定語從句中關系代詞用which不用that的情況1）在非限制性定語從句。例：The sports meeting was put off，which astonished me.運動會被推遲了

13、，這使我很吃驚。2）當動詞短語中的介詞提前時.注意：在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關系代詞之前.例：This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived。這是魯迅曾住過的房子（之一）。This is the pen for which Im looking.（）This is the pen（which/that）Im looking for。(）這是我正尋找的那支鋼筆。3）先行詞后面有插入語時例：Here is the English grammar book which,as Ive told you，will hel

14、p you improve your English.這就是我告訴過你的那本英語語法書，它能幫你提高你的英語水平。4)先行詞本身就是that時。例:Whats that which flashed through the sky just now？剛才在天空中一閃而過的是什么?練習：1、I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone elses fault. 2、Whenever I met her， was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.3、All the pres

15、ents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.4、He was late for the opening ceremony， was very surprising to me.答案：1、that2、which3、that4、which五、關系代詞as和which的區別as和which都可以引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內容,關系詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，有時兩者可以互換.1。 下列情況只用as不用which1） 當定語從句置于主句前例：As you see，the Chinese people ar

16、e hard-working。正如你所看到的,中國人民是勤勞的。2） 關系詞作主語且定語從句為被動語態形式時，從句謂語通常為:be known，be said，be reported，be announced，be mentioned等.例：She has been absent again，as is expected。她又缺席了，這在預料之中。3）在下列習慣用語中:as（it）seems likely，as（it）often happens,as（it)was pointed out，as（it）was said earlier,as I remember(it），as I underst

17、and（it)，as(it）appears，as is often the case，as anybody can see,as we have expected.例:Jack has won first prize，as it often happens.像往常一樣,杰克得了一等獎。She has read widely in Romantic Literature，as it appears from her essay.她廣泛涉獵了浪漫主義文學，這從她的文章中可以顯現出來.2。 下列情況通常用which而不用as1)關系代詞代表前面主句中的賓語從句或定語從句的謂語帶有一個復合賓語結構時。

18、例：I dont think that he will come to see me，which makes me sad.我認為他不會來看我了，這使我傷心.例：Tom was late for school again and again，which made his teacher very angry.湯姆一次又一次上學遲到，這使得他的老師很生氣。2）當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時。例：He came here very late,which was unexpected（not expected）。他來這里很晚，這是意料之外的。3）當非限制性定語從句是否定句或表示否定時。例:He

19、pretended not to know me，which I didnt understand。他假裝不認識我，我真不明白。4）非限制性定語從句中的be動詞不能省略時用which；反之用as。例：Jane told me she won the match，which was a lie。簡告訴我她贏了比賽，這是謊話。（was不可省略）As（was）planned，we met at the airport.按照計劃，我們在機場相見了。（was可省略）練習：1. A lot of language learning, has been discovered， is happening in

20、 the first year of life， so parents should talk much to their children during that period.2. There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.答案1、as2、as六、“介詞+which/whom”引導定語從句的用法1. 當介詞放在關系代詞的前面時，關系代詞常用which或whom，并且不能省略。例:He paid the boy 10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadnt been clea

21、ned for at least a year。他付給男孩10美元擦洗10個窗戶，這10個窗戶中大部分至少一年沒擦了。In the dark street，there wasnt a single person，to whom she could turn for help。在黑暗的街道上，她沒有一個可以求助的人。2. 在非限制性定語從句中，“介詞+which/whom從句”結構中的介詞不能移到從句的后面。例:He has visited Guan No。1 High School for several times，in which he has many friends.（in不能放在定語

22、從句句末）他已經參觀過固安一中幾次了，在那里他有很多朋友。3。 復合介詞短語+which引導的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號分開，定語從句常用倒裝語序.例：He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree。他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵又大又高的樹。4. “介詞+which/whom引導的定語從句可與“介詞+which/whom+不定式結構及其他結構相互轉換。例：The poor man has no house in which he can live。=The poor man has no house（that/

23、which)he can live in.= The poor man has no house to live in.= The poor man has no house in which to live.那個窮人沒房子住。練習：1、He may win the competition， in get into the national team。2、Franks dream is to have his own garden in to produce many beautiful flowers.答案1、which2、which七、關系副詞的用法1)when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于“表時間的介詞（如 in，at，on，during等）+which例：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing。（when =on which)我還記得第一次來北京的那一天。2）