1、第三屆上海國際安康大會論壇:可繼續性開展的安康環保飲食畢李明國際膳食顧問協學會國際董事香港醫管局港島東聯網膳食效力經理B.Sc.加拿大基爾大學食品科學學士 MSc. 加拿大英屬哥倫比亞大學營養碩士 RDN 加拿大英屬哥倫比亞注冊營養師FCSI 國際膳食顧問學會專業顧問 .“可繼續開展是指即滿足當前人類的需求，又不危害其子孫后代為滿足他們的要求而進展開展的才干。.未來的飲食趨勢是甚么 ?.人類安康 地球資源短缺 如何面對環境問題帶來的挑戰？ .大氣層中提升的二氧化碳呵斥全球暖化. 氣候暖化影響水資源.ScienceDaily (Sep. 19, 2002) : Scientists from A

2、griculture and Agri-Food Canada predict crops will be at a greater risk of winter damage in the future , even though the climate will be warmer. Study in Asia (Peng et al, 2004)Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004 Rice yield declined with higher night temperature as a result of glob

3、al warming Global Warming affecting our food systems:影響糧食收成.Climate related changes such as warming seas, ocean acidification and fiercer storms all contributed to the destruction of coastline ecosystems and reduction in fish stock. Global warming affecting the fish we eat影響捕魚業.Global warming is thr

4、eatening the livelihoods of Britains fruit growers, and the future of the soft drinks industry that relies on them. Winters are becoming progressively milder, but fruits such as apple, pear, strawberry, raspberry, blackcurrant and rhubarb need a sustained cold period to flower and fruit normally. Un

5、less growers can guarantee a substantial yield, many fruits will no longer be commercially viable, making a large dent in the countrys 230 million-a-year fruit industry.and our fruits.影響水果收成.India: Climate change hits vegetable cropSambalpur, Climate change is finally taking a toll on farmers, parti

6、cularly the marginal ones, whose vegetable crops have been badly affected by the delayed onset of winter. Although winter sets in around Durga Puja every year, this year even after the end of Kartik Purnima, there is no sign of cold and chill.experts said the growing gap between average maximum and

7、minimum temperature has affected the onset of winter. An environmentalist said the delayed onset of winter has also made the crop prone to pest attack as has been established with the presence of insects in cauliflower and brinjal this year.Source: expressbuzzPublication date: 11/18/2021影響蔬菜收成.Chang

8、ing weather patterns and added storms are affecting regions where coffee is grownthe coffee we drink影響咖啡.Climate change could wipe out up to 80 per cent of Australias wine production as large parts of inland irrigation zones become too hot and dry to support grapevinesClimate change could mean some

9、parts ofsouthern England will be too hot to hot for wine-making by 2080Even our red wine!影響紅酒.Fuel Crisis?Peak Oil ?石油燃料短缺?.燃料短缺的結果:谷類轉換向生物柴油生產食物本錢上升(肉類, 蛋類, 乳類的價格上漲)全世界食物短缺 Earth Policy InstituteEco-Economy March 2007 Report. Food Equations: 240 Kg corn = ethanol to fill 100 Litre SUV tank 240 Kg c

10、orn = feed a child for one entire yearShould we use grains to fill 850 million cars or to feed 850 million malnourished people? (Dr. Myers, 2021) 生物柴油與糧食 .March 21st 2007.面臨全球暖化及資源短缺，我們必需降低二氧化碳排放，節省能源，才干維持可繼續性開展。.我們如何影響全球性暖化?我們的生態腳印是什么?.溫室效應氣體的排放發生在食物鏈的每個環節：從農業種植、捕魚和家畜養殖，從煮食到配送、至廚余的處置。 .在選擇食物時,應該思索減

11、少高能源食品的運用頻率.在日常運作中, 節能減排甚至抵消碳排放.我們需求知道如何掌握我們的生態腳印:.發電 (Kwh) 煤 二氧化碳排放 (0.43 kg CO2/Kwh).1棵樹= 700 kg CO2 /年.香港東區醫院膳食部門每年用電量大約等于:500 .2021年三月 港島東聯網膳食部全體員工為促進碳中性廚房發動捐贈內蒙的植樹工程共捐贈500棵樹 .2021年四月 赴內蒙庫倫旗植樹500棵 .植樹500棵證書.食品的選擇對環保有影響在-18存儲6個月的冰凍食品的生態腳印及溫室效應氣體排放是新穎的食品在+6存儲一個星期的許多倍。消費一公斤的各種肉類所需的谷類數量及水資源都不同。.我們食物

12、鏈的生態腳印 ?. 1 公斤肉類生產 所需谷類飼料(公斤):7 422肉類消費和所需谷類飼料換算表 :(Lester Brown, 2006)_.一公頃地所消費糧食的食物蛋白是間接經過肉類消費的五倍之多 (Dr. Myers, 2021). 現面臨世界水的資源短缺 : 消費1 公斤谷類需求1公噸的水 .如香港每天每人少吃兩口肉 40 g meat/person/day.全球資源節省 * :每年節省六十萬噸糧食 (100 kg grain equivalent/person/year)每年節省六億噸水*based on 6 M HK population.不同的食物及其碳排放量 veau / v

13、ealbuf / beefvolaille / poultryporc / porcagneau de lait / sucking lambagneau lherbe / lambpoisson / fishpoisson tropical / tropical fishcrevette / prawnbl / wheatfarine / flourlait / milkfromage pte cuite / cooked cheesefromage pte crue / soft cheeseyaourt / yoghurtbeurre / butteruf / eggalcool / a

14、lcoholsucre / sugarsource : ADEME肉類 谷類 奶類 魚類.東區醫院2006年發起的素代肉工程一小口一小口的逐漸挽救我們的地球.“Saving our planet one bite at a time.以素代肉工程的目的:改善碎肉的質感和口味用大豆蛋白交換 30- 50%的肉堅持蛋白質含量和添加營養纖維改善全球資源利用率減少食物費用 .以素代肉工程的開展推行至其它食譜消費安康營養食品 抵抗繼續上漲的肉價繼續維護地球資源 .Sept Dec 200620072008-09地球資源節省實數節省實數預計節約數(+15個新食譜)10,800港幣 30,740港幣 383

15、,239港幣 *2,520公斤 9,240公斤 72,600公斤 2,520公噸 9,200公噸 72,600公噸 以素代肉工程的效益 :* 2021肉價上漲 467,012港幣 .食物里程(Food Miles)?我們食物的運輸里程有多遠 ?所介入的燃料和能源費用有多少 ?.現在菜單分析:營營養析 +本錢分析.未來菜單分析:營營養析 +本錢分析食物里程分析 +谷類換算分析 ?.民以食為天食以安為先 我們的食物平安嗎 ?蘋果日報 04.13. 2007.環境污染對食物鏈的影響? 毒素測試 ?.食品貿易全球化的結果: 每餐食品能夠來自于世界不同的國家 增高了人類對世界上各式各樣菌體的接觸 .食品

16、平安來源 ? 添加物 ?農藥 ?抗生素?激素 ? 基因改造 ?.Our World has Become ToxicWe have invented 10 million new chemicals, thousands of which we add to our household products, our food, water we drink and the air we breathThe average person in an industrialized country will consume over 1.5 gallons of pesticides per year

17、 (Dr. Nargarkar, 2021)嚴重污染的地球:大量毒性添加劑,殺蟲劑.全球大量表土的消逝基于過度開墾,畜牧及濫用化肥.人類的生態腳印已超出地球負荷.“You cannot have well humans on a sick planetThomas BerryThomas Berry is a leading American writer about the role of humanity and our relationship with the Earth and the Universe .The great work facing humanity, is to m

18、ove from mindlessly extracting and consuming the earths resources to establishing a mutually beneficial relationship with nature.The Great Work: Our Way into the Future by Thomas Berry不能只取而不予要與自然界共達互惠.全人類的挑戰:全球暖化和糧食降產石油和食品短缺嚴重污染的地球非繼續性的資源從食物方面如何減低地球負荷?.Organic FoodsNo PesticidesNo artificialpreserva

19、tivescoloringflavoringSweetenersCrop rotationCertifiedNon-toxicEco-farmed 有機食品.Natural FoodsNo growth hormonesNo antibioticsNatural feed with no animal by productsFree-ranged or wild farmed天然食品.Eco-farming helps worlds poor Organic & natural farmingRain water harvestingEco-system awareness and prese

20、rvationHabitat conservationCultural preservationSustainable farmingSupport to farmers & family環保種植.Climate Change DietBuy fresh, locally-produced food, which has less distance to travel and therefore uses less fuel. Eat fewer processed and refrigerated foods, which take more energy to manufacture, t

21、ransport and store. Waste less food about one-third of the food we prepare is thrown away uneaten. Dont over-order in restaurants, and eat smaller portions. Drink tap water, not bottled water, which uses large amounts of energy to produce. Reduce the amount of meat and animal and diary products we eat. Meat is much more energy intensive and requires proportionally more land to graze animals than crops. Instead, eat foods lower down the food chain grains, fruits and vegetables that are c