1、長難句分析（1) The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm. （2) The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have

2、 the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.長難句的構成：句子=主語+謂語+賓語長難句=主語+（限定短語）+（限定從句）+謂語+賓語+（限定短語）+（限定從句 +狀語（時間，地點，目的等）很多難句的由來是在簡單句的名詞后面增加了補充說明的限定成分，使句子在提供更多信息的同時變得相對復雜！ 修飾名詞，不修飾動詞！ 名詞加限定從句： 書丟了。這句話缺少一些信息，即到底是哪本書破了呢，沒有限定說明： “書”是指哪一本書，是黃顏色的那本書，是剛買來的那本書，還是祖傳的那本書呢？補充信息： “（我昨天從圖書館借的

3、）書丟了?！?漢語中喜歡把定于放在名詞前，但是英語中一般會把相對長的定語放在名詞后面，作為補充限定。英語結構： “書（我昨天從圖書館借的）丟了”。名詞需要一個限定，以避免歧義 常見的限定從句：定語從句，同位語從句，主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句名詞加限定短語：限定短語可以看作是限定從句的簡化，如同在名詞后面加了一個括號 我會寫漢字。我會寫漢字（簡體）。書丟了。書（綠色的）丟了。常見的限定短語:非謂語動詞: to do, done, doingA、to do 主要表示 ，“為了” B、doing 是現在分詞，表示 C、done 是過去分詞,表示 _ _(give） him more help, w

4、e have to do everything we can._ _(give) more time, he could do it better._ _(give) him our help, we felt very happy.正在教室講課的老師（漢譯英） 昨天晚上寫完的作業（漢譯英） 要在下個月執行的計劃（漢譯英） 分析：1) The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious as

5、set to the firm.主干： 主語： 短語限定： 從句限定： 翻譯： 2)The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.主干： 一個主語做了兩件事情： ，并且 。怎樣的員工？擁有怎樣的機會？怎樣的洞察力？（1）對主語“em

6、ployee”加限定： The employee （ ）（ ）has an opportunity.（被派往海外）并（能說該國主要語言的）員工擁有一個機會。（2）對賓語“opportunity”作限定： opportunity （ ）（加快某些談判進程的）機會。這個短語部分起到補充說明作用，類似括號的功能，說明機會的內涵。（3）對賓語“the cultural insight”作限定：the cultural insight （ ）（知道什么時候慢些會更好的）文化洞察力。這個短語部分起到了補充說明的作用，也類似一個括號的功能，說明文化洞察力的內容。如何分析長難句：突破點：謂語！任何句子都必須有

7、謂語動詞，所以找到一個謂語動詞就可以拆下來一個句子。理解難句的基本步驟是：1識別出有哪幾個謂語動詞； 2.找出主句的謂語動詞，先理解主句； 3.再去理解從句和短語。 While enriching their imagination, books widen their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly.結構：本句中有個 三謂語動詞 , 和 ，主語都是 . enriching前面省略了主語 ，用了非謂語動詞.拆分：Books enrich their imaginati

8、on. Books widen their outlook.Books develop a fact-finding attitude Books train them to use leisure properly.譯： 。3) Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. 結構：本句中只有一個謂語動詞： 。 是插入語。fo

9、r后面的內容修飾 ，而 為并列結構。拆分： work involves responsibility.for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and underResponsibility （for a house hold, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. ）譯： 。 4) To a large degree，the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live

10、 in the present moment結構：本句中有兩個謂語動詞， 和 . by 后面接一個 。拆分： to a large degree, the measure of our peace of mind is determined byHow much we are able to live in the present moment.翻譯： 。5) Without question, many of us have mastered the neurotic art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of

11、things all at once結構：這一句中含有一個謂語動詞 ，spending 是 后跟動名詞用法， 是spend in doing的用法。 拆分： (Without question, ) many of us have mastered the neurotic art (of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things ) (all at once)翻譯: 6) We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present mom

12、ents，so much so that we end up anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopeless結構：第二句中含有兩個謂語動詞 和 . 是不定式用法。 如此、以至于拆分：We allow past problems and future concerns (to dominate our present moments)(so much so that) we end up anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopeless譯： 。7) Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics

13、that tell us to look toward the future will only repeat themselves so that someday never actually arrives結構： 本句中有三個謂語動詞 , 和 . 主句謂語為 和 , 為定語從句的謂語。拆分：Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics will only repeat themselves (that mental dynamics tell us to look toward the future)so that someday never actuall

14、y arrives翻譯： 。8) Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

15、 結構：第一句中 個謂語動詞：主句謂語 , 定語從句謂語 。第二句中 個謂語動詞，強調句謂語 , 主句謂語 ，定語從句謂語 注意強調句句型： 拆分：Both the family and the society （in which exceptional children live） are often the key（ to their growth and development.)it is in the public schools that we find the full expression （of societys understanding the knowledge, ho

16、pes, and fears ）（ that are passed on to the next generation.）譯： 。9) The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully deve

17、lop their capabilities. 結構：兩個謂語動詞：主句謂語 , 同位語從句謂語 。 不是謂語動詞，是過去分詞做定語，修飾 . 是插入結構，可先忽略不看。拆分：10) The great interest （in exceptional children ）（shown in public education over the past three decades ）indicates the strong feeling （in our society）all citizens, （whatever their special conditions,） deserve the

18、 opportunity（ to fully develop their capabilities.） 翻譯： 。 11) Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. 結構：三個謂語動詞: 主句謂語 和 , 帶兩個并列的賓語從句。賓語從句謂語 .

19、是插入結構，先忽略不看。拆分：Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children（ disabled or not ）（ to an appropriate education）and （Recent court decisions） have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps （to provide that education. ）翻譯： 。 12) In response, schools are modifying their progra

20、ms, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 結構: 本句有 個謂語動詞：主句謂語 , 定語從句謂語 和 . 是非謂語動詞，主語仍為 . 使適應于拆分：In response, schools are modifying their programs,（Schools are） adapting instruction to children who are exceptionalto those

21、who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 翻譯： . 。 13) A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.結構：本句有 個謂語動詞, 主句謂語為 , 和 屬由 引導的并列定語從句。拆分：A

22、code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleepin which nice people are perceived to finish last翻譯： . 。14) Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share

23、in the experiences of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. 結構：本句中有 個謂語動詞，主句謂語為 ， 原因狀語從句謂語為 ，其主語為 拆分：Readers turn naturally to booksbecause 1）their curiosity （concerning all manners of things）2）their eagerness（ to

24、share in the experiences of others ）3）and their need （to escape from their own limited environment ） lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. 15)while establishing their own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that the characters in their stories are going thr

25、ough similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.結構：本文中有 個謂語動詞，主句謂語為 ， 其實也是主句的謂語動詞，用了非謂語動詞的形式； 是賓語從句的謂語， 是非限定定語從句的謂語。拆分: While The readers establish their own relationships and responses to lifethe readers often find thatthe characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments which help to clarify and give significance to their own.翻譯： . 。16) There is hardly a man or wom