1、“計算機組成原理”課專業(yè)詞匯漢英對照中文英文地址address尋址方式mode addressing地址變換或映射addressing translation or mapping算法algorithm與門AND gate與運算AND operation應用軟件application software算術邏輯運算單元Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)匯編器assembler匯編語言assembly language異步總線asynchronous bus基址或偏移量尋址base or displacement addressing基本塊blockbasic移碼notatio

2、nbiased布斯算法Booths algorithm轉移branch轉移不成功branch mot taken轉移成功taken branch轉移目標地址branch target address總線仲裁 bus arbitration總線請求bus request總線操作bus transaction高速緩沖存儲器Cache復雜指令系統(tǒng)計算機Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)編譯器complier計算機體系結構computer architecture計算機組成computer organization條件分支conditional branch

3、控制寄存器Control Memory (CM)控制信號control signal數(shù)據(jù)相關性dependenciesdata數(shù)據(jù)傳送指令data transfer instruction數(shù)據(jù)路徑datapath數(shù)據(jù)路徑部件elementdatapath延遲轉移（分支）delayed branch直接存儲器訪問direct memory access (DMA)除數(shù)divisor雙精度double precision動態(tài)流水線調(diào)度dynamic pipeline scheduling電子數(shù)字枳分計算機Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (E

4、NIAC)異常或中斷exception or interrupt異或門gate exclusive OR指數(shù)exponent浮點數(shù)pointfloating全相聯(lián)Cachefully associative Cache通用寄存器general-purpose register (GPR)握手協(xié)議protocolhandshaking硬布線控制hardwared control十六進制hexadecimal高級程序編程語言high-level programming language命中率ratehit輸入輸出I/OI/O指令I/O instructionI/O 接口I/O interface立

5、即數(shù)尋址addressingimmediate指令格式instruction format內(nèi)存儲器internal memory最近最久沒有使用Least Recently Used (LRU)最低有效位significant bitleast線性流水線linear pipeline主存儲器Main Memory (MM)存儲器層次結構memory hierarchy微代碼microcode微指令microinstruction微程序microprogram微程序控制microprogrammed control最高有效位most significant bit多周期或多時鐘周期實multic

6、ycle ormultiple clock cycle現(xiàn)方式implementation非線性流水線nonlinear pipeline規(guī)格化的normalized操作碼opcode操作系統(tǒng)operating system上溢overflowPC相對尋址PC-relative addressing流水線數(shù)據(jù)相關pipeline流水線斷流stall pipeline流水線功能階段或步驟pipelining處理器一存儲器總線processor memory buses程序計數(shù)器Program Counter (PC)商quotient隨機存儲器只讀存儲器精簡指令系統(tǒng)計算機余數(shù)預約表舍入科學計數(shù)法順

7、序存儲器組相聯(lián)Cache符號擴展有效數(shù)單精度一空間局部性加速比狀態(tài)圖靜態(tài)流水線結構相關超標量流水線同步總線系統(tǒng)軟件標記時間局部性吞吐量傳輸時間下溢有效位超大規(guī)模集成電路虛擬地址虛擬存儲器Random Access Memory (RAM)Read Only Memory (ROM)Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) remainderreservation tableroundnotationscientificSerial Access Memory set associative Cachesign-extendsignificandsingle precisionspatial localityspeedupdiagram statestatic pipelinestructural hazardsuperscalar pipeliningbus synchronoussoftware systemtagtempor