1、高考英語15個傳統(tǒng)文化考點素材，高 考寫作首選復習資料一.長城(The Great Wall )The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men ofte

2、n say, He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass i

3、n the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎東起山海關，西至嘉峪沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說： “不 到長城非好漢。”實際上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中 國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城大部分都是在明代修建的.餃子(Dumplings )Dumplings are one of the Chinese people s favorite traditional dishes. According

4、to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fres

5、h and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There san old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings ” . During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to

6、 follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括：1）搟

7、皮、2）備餡、3）包餡水煮三個步驟。其特點是皮薄餡嫩, 味道鮮美，形狀獨特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過餃子”的俗語。中國人接親 待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習俗，寓意吉利。對崇尚親情的中國人來說，“更 歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。.筷子(Chinese Chopsticks )The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Cho

8、psticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China.

9、For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters ” . Chop

10、sticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨樹一幟有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年。筷子古時稱為箸，它看似簡單，但卻同時具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、 撕等多種功能。中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的 祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成雙結對的筷子含有”和為貴”的意蘊。西方人贊譽筷子是古老的東方文明。.中國功夫(Chinese kung fu )Chinese kung fu, or Chinese ma

11、rtial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and

12、 harmony and cultivating qi ” (otherwise known as nourishing one s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and exte

13、rnal training. It contains the ancient great thinkers pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram

14、 palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.中國功夫即中國武術，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運動之中的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項目， 承載著豐富的中國民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說，同時兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術源遠流長、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?內(nèi)外兼修，蘊含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟。

15、后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指： 徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。. 漢字 (Chinese characters )Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, a

16、nd rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze ins

17、criptions, official script, regularscript, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usuallyround outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinesebeliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokesof Chinese characters are”- ” (the horizontal st

18、roke) “ | ” (the verticalstroke), ( the left-falling stroke),(the right-falling stroke), and“乙” (the turning stroke).漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫，經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨特文字。現(xiàn)存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結構“外圓內(nèi)方”， 源于古人”天圓地方”的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫， 即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。.秧歌舞(Yangko )Yangko is one of

19、 tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usuallyperformed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful andlight costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During somefestivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the soundof drum and gong, no matter how

20、cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈， 通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿 上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作有

21、力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日 期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌 舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同事他們也樂在其中。.針灸(Acupuncture )Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).In accordance with the “main and collateral channels theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dr

22、edge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditionalChinese medicine that internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy ” . The main therapy of acupuncture involves us

23、ing needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient s body, or adopting moxibustionto stimulate the patient s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world.

24、 Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.針灸是中醫(yī)學的重要組成部分。 按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通 經(jīng)絡、調(diào)和氣血，來達到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點是“內(nèi) 病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體

25、的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫熱刺激燒灼 病人的穴位，以達到刺激經(jīng)絡。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨特的優(yōu)勢，流傳至 今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽為中國的“新四大國粹”.中國龍(Chinese Dragon )Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse

26、and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion processof the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.對龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、 牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種

27、神物。中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓 意和團結凝聚的精神。.中國印章(Chinese Seal )A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancie

28、nt China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the s

29、eal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, butit is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China s unique artworks.印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不 同的稱謂，而帝王

30、所用的印章古時稱璽、BP,寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載，印章在戰(zhàn) 國時代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成, 形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色 鈴蓋，除日常應用外，又多用于書畫題識，逐 漸成為中國特有的藝術形式之一。十.京居【J ( Chinese Beijing Opera )Praised as “Oriental Opera ” , Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especi

31、ally huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performingarts-song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. BeijingOpera portrays and narrates the plot and chara

32、cters through stylizedacting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan（young female）, jing （painted face, male）, and chou（ clown, male or female）.京劇被譽為“東方歌劇”， 是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方 戲劇，特別是南方的“徽班”。到了 19世紀末，京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲 曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘

33、述故事，刻畫人物。角 色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當。H一.中國成語（Chinese Idioms ）Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the sa

34、me grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi （ make unremitting efforts to improve oneself）, qingchuyulan（bluer than indigo）, and houjibofa （success comes with time and effort）. Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of li

35、terature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語。“成語”中的“成”既是約定俗成。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當于詞的語言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國成語由四個漢字組成，例如：自強不息、青出于藍、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主要從民 間諺語、古代文學作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語 語言中精煉而又富有生命力的

36、一部分。十二.絲綢(Silk)China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the

37、 Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era ofSino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, Chinas silk became well known for its extraordin

38、ary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、綠絲、織綢是中國古代人民的偉大發(fā)明。商周 時期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術就已發(fā)展到相當高的水平。西漢時張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來，開辟了中外交流貿(mào)易的新紀元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的

39、品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。東方文明的使者。十三.中國園林(Chinese Classical Garden )The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancientChinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematicallycombines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with thenatural landsca

40、pe. The construction standard of a Chinese classicalgarden is artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural. ”When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should beable to appreciate its artistic concept which“makes use of the naturallandscape to create the real fun o

41、f mountains and rivers for viewers. Ofthe world s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然地貌有機結合的環(huán)境藝術，是我國古代建筑藝術的珍寶。其建造原則是“妙極自然，宛自大開”。游賞中國古典 園林，能充分領略“假自然之景，創(chuàng)山水

42、真趣”的園林意境。在世界三大園林體 系中，中國園林歷史悠久、內(nèi)涵豐富，被譽為世界造園史上的淵源之一。十四.文房四寶(The Four Treasures of the Study )The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasuresin the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referredto as the “ Four Treasures of the Study. The writing brush a

43、nd ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago.In the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC), people already used feathers ofdifferent hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the HanDynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink.After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets,brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use ofwriting brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD-1279AD), the“ Four Treasure