1、北師大版本英語復習Unit 21Human Biology開 篇 背 誦議論文(優劣對比類)典型例題(武漢調研)某英文報社正在進行題為“居住在城市的利與弊”的有關征文。請根據下面提示，給該報社寫一篇征文。利弊找工作容易，購物方便生活消費高交通便利人口多，擁擠有公園、飯店等休閑場所空氣污染嚴重、居住環境差注意：1. 詞數為100左右；2. 可適當增加內容以使行文連貫。Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in a City寫作提示1. 優劣對比類議論文是對于某個觀點、優點和缺點的比較性陳述。具有鮮明的對比性。2. 寫作時注意優點和缺點的不同表達，以及對立雙

2、方之間過渡詞語的準確應用。佳作欣賞Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in a CityLiving in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. For example, there are much more job opportunities, and with many choices of public transport available, its more convenient to travel. Besides, there are a lot of places for ente

3、rtainment. You can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, watch movies and go to parks whenever you want to relax. However, living in a city is often very expensive. You must find a wellpaid job, or you will not be able to afford the expenses. Whats more, the city is always crowded, noisy and dirty

4、. It is very difficult to find a good place where people can enjoy peace and fresh air as in the countryside.名師點評1. 文章對生活在城市里的利和弊進行了闡述，條理清晰，層次分明。文章的結尾有些唐突，沒有適當的提出自己的觀點，這是本文的美中不足。2. 注意利弊觀點之間的銜接詞However運用巧妙。還有其它一些好的銜接詞如：Besides; Whats more等。3. 文中一些出彩的句式：with many choices of public transport available;

5、 eat in.，visit museums, watch movies and go to parks; living in a city is.; the city is always crowded, noisy and dirty。教 材 自 主 回 歸記記單詞1c_vi.循環_n循環，傳播_adj.循環性的_adj.圓形的，環形的2v_vt.違反，違背_n違反，違背_adj.違反地，違背地_n違反者3e_n進入；入學_n入口，門口4t_vt.款待_n對待，治療circulatecirculationcirculativecircularviolateviolationviolativ

6、eviolatorentryentrancetreattreatment5f_vt.預見_vt.&vi.預測，預言6w_adj.每周一次的_adj.一年一次的_adj.每月一次的_adj.每天的；n.日報7m_n最低；最小_n最大，最大量8u_adv.無條件地_adv.附有條件地_adj.以為條件的，附有條件的_n情況，環境，條件foreseeforecastweeklyyearlymonthlydailyminimummaximumunconditionallyconditionallyconditionalcondition9e_vt.使有準備_adj.裝備好的_n配備，裝備，器械10c_

7、n擔心，擔憂_adj.擔心的，相關的_adv.擔憂的_prep.關于，有關equipequippedequipmentconcernconcernedconcernedlyconcerning記記短語1.Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but _(那些全是徒勞)2It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants _(只是被隨機檢查)these were all in va

8、inare only tested at random3The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire _(不惜一切代價獲得成功)4I decided not to put off studying and got up early every morning to_(立刻專心于工作)to succeed at all costsget down to work straight away5We

9、have to have faith that _(遲早有消滅禽流感的方法)6If trends continue the way theyre going, then in my opinion, yesin developed countries _(至少)there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracksat any rate記記句型1.Many contemporary amateur athletes _(會打破多項世界紀錄)if they _(參加)the first Olympic G

10、ames.2Scientists now guess that _(那一地區約百分之五十的人口死于)this epidemic _(使之成為主要原因之一)of the fall of the Roman Empire.would have broken world recordshad taken part inup to 50% of the areas population died from; making it one of the main causes3_(遺憾的是)thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditio

11、nal Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.It seems a real pity that教 材 知 識 探 究詞 語 解 讀1. abuse n&vt.濫用；辱罵abuse of power濫用職權alcohol abuse酗酒drug abuse濫用毒品abuse ones authority/power濫用職權/權力Laws have been passed to prevent government officials from abusing their power.通過立法防止官員濫用權力。They were so

12、rude that they often abused each other in public.他們很粗魯，經常在大庭廣眾之下彼此辱罵。考試題(江西)He is a worthy leader, who never _ his power which is given by people.A. uses B. abuses C. ignores D. forces答案：B2. tolerate vt.容忍；忍受tolerate (sb./ones) doing sth.容忍(某人)做某事tolerant adj.容忍的，寬容的be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.容忍

13、某人/某事tolerance n寬容，忍受tolerable adj.可以忍受的，可以容忍的I wont tolerate your bad manners any longer.我再也不能忍受你那種惡劣的態度了。Many old people have a very limited tolerance to cold.許多老年人對寒冷的忍受力很差。詞語辨析tolerate, stand, bear與enduretolerate可與stand換用，但tolerate更正式，可指容忍不同觀點。stand后除可以跟困難外更多接人。bear則指承受重負、重量、痛苦、煩惱等。endure可指忍受長期的

14、痛苦、苦難、困難等。考試題(濟寧模擬)I am a _ man, but your behavior is more than I can bear.Atolerant BresponsibleCgenerous Denthusiastic答案與解析：A考查形容詞辨析。tolerant寬容的；responsible負責的；generous慷慨的；enthusiastic熱情的。根據句意，應選A項。用tolerate, stand, bear或endure的適當形式填空The sorrow was almost more than she could _.He quietly _ the pai

15、n of a loveless marriage.I cant _ hot weather.A government that refuses to _ opposition cannot last long.bearenduresstandtolerate3. seek(sought，sought)vt.&vi.尋找；探索；追求seek ones fortune 尋找致富及成功之道seek to do sth.(try to do sth./attempt to do sth.)試圖做某事，企圖做某事seek ones advice 尋求某人的建議seek(after/for)sth. 尋找

16、某物They are seeking the most reasonable diet that will do good to their health.他們在尋找有益于他們健康的最合理的飲食。解題警示seek for, look for和search for都表示“找的動作”，不強調結果。考試題(2010廣西柳州模擬)Various experiments have been carried out to _ the proper way to raise children.Amake BfightCwork Dseek答案與解析：Dseek尋找，seek the proper way尋找

17、合適的方法。預測題He is always _ fault with other people though he doesnt do his own work properly.Aseeking BlookingCfinding Dputting答案與解析：Cseek尋找；look看(不及物動詞；find找到；put放。find fault with意為“挑毛病”。4. in vain徒然，白費力氣vain promises空頭許諾try in vain to do sth.枉費心機地試做某事take sb.s name in vain輕慢地談論某人We tried in vain to m

18、ake him change his mind.我們想使他改變主意，結果是白費心機。He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.他對自己的外表很自負，在健身房里一呆就是幾個小時。考試題(湖北)His efforts to raise money for his program were _ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.A. in place B. in sightC. in effect D. in vain答案與

19、解析：D句意：他為他的項目籌集資金的努力付諸東流了，因為沒有一個人愿意從腰包里掏出一分錢。in place在適當的位置，準備就緒；in sight在視線內可以看見；in effect生效，起作用；in vain徒勞。又如：They tried in vain to persuade her to go.他們極力勸說她去，但枉費了一番口舌。All our efforts were in vain.我們所有的努力全都是枉費心機。5. oppose vt.反對，反抗，抵制，阻撓be opposed to sth.反對某事物as opposed to與對照opposable adj.可反對的；可對立的

20、opposite n對立面；對立物adj.對立的，對面的adv.在對面prep.與相對，在對面Father does not oppose the idea at all.父親絲毫不反對這個想法。I am opposed to going shopping with others.我反對與其他人一起外出購物。詞語辨析oppose, object與resistoppose為及物動詞，指“對某人、某事采取積極行動來反對”，著重指動作，尤指“反對一種觀念、思想、計劃等”。object常指“用言論或論據等表示反對”，著重指“個人嫌厭”和“提出反對意見”。作不及物動詞，后常跟to連用。resist指“積

21、極地反抗、對抗，用武力阻止的前進”。考試題(山東省臨沭縣)The government managed to have two chemical factories built, though _ by the citizens.Abeing opposed to Bopposed to Cwas opposed to Dhaving been opposed to答案：B用oppose, object或resist的適當形式填空The soldiers were _ the enemy.I _ to his plan.The father _ his sons marriage.resist

22、ingobjectedopposed6. at all costs不管多大代價，無論如何at all costsat any cost不惜任何代價，無論如何at the cost of以為代價at a cost of以的價格at cost按成本，以成本價格(出售)cut/reduce costs減少了日常花銷cover the cost of sth.支付某物的費用cost sb. sth.花某人/使付出/使喪失We must avoid war at all costs/whatever the cost.我們必須不惜任何代價避免戰爭。He saved the children from t

23、he fire at the cost of his own life.他舍身把孩子們從大火中救出。The students are given 50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.學生每年得到五十英鎊作為支付書籍和文具的費用。考試題(天津十二區縣)Her irresponsible behavior _ her father many sleepless nights.A. costs B. takesC. spends D. pays答案與解析：A考查動詞辨析。cost指為了某事做出某種努力或犧牲；take花費(時間)；s

24、pend花費(金錢，時間)；pay支付的費用。句意：她那不負責任的行為使她父親在很多個夜晚不得安睡。(江西重點中學聯考)The man charged me 150 yuan for this coat!Oh, my God, it sounds rather _.Aexpensively BdearlyCcostly Dimpossibly答案與解析：C考查詞語辨析。根據答語的前半部分可知說話人認為那個男子要價太高，此處costly是形容詞，表示“昂貴的”。句中的sounds是系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語，而其余三項都是副詞，因此不正確。(黃岡質檢)The terrible accident a

25、lmost _ the driver his life.A. valued B. countedC. took D. cost答案與解析：D考查動詞辨析。value估價，重視；count計算，計算在內，認為，有價值；take拿，拿走，取，抓，占領，獲得；cost價錢為，(使)花費(金錢、時間、精力等)，使失去。句意：那起可怕的事故差點要了那個司機的命。cost作“使失去(生命、健康等)”講時，后接雙賓語，符合語境。7. postpone vt.延期；延緩；擱置postpone sth. (to/until sth.)推遲到postpone doing sth.推遲做某事We postponed

26、 the match from March 5th to March 19th.我們把比賽從3月5日推遲到3月19日舉行。The game has already been postponed three times.這場比賽已經被延期三次了。詞語辨析postpone, delay與put offpostpone指將某一活動“延期”到某一確定時間。delay指由于某種意外或客觀原因而“耽擱或推遲”。put off指主觀上有意“拖延”時間。用postpone, delay或put off的適當形式填空Lets _ making a decision until we have more info

27、rmation.They decided to _ the meeting.The sports meeting will be _ because of some reason.postponeput offdelayed8. wipe v擦，拭，抹，擦掉wipe out徹底毀滅wipe sth. with sth.用擦wipe away擦掉，擦干wipe.off.從擦下去wipe up用布擦凈(液體或污漬)；用布擦干wipe sth. from ones mind/memory故意忘記事物The entire population was wiped out by the terrible

28、 disease.所有的居民都被可怕的疾病奪去生命。The cost of the new building will wipe out all the companys profits this year.新建的大樓會花光公司今年的全部利潤。Wipe your nose with your handkerchief.用手帕擦擦你的鼻子。預測題Five hundred years ago the plague (黑死病)_almost all the population of the island.Awiped down Bwiped offCwiped out Dwiped up答案：C9

29、. prohibit vt.禁止；阻止，使不可能prohibit sb./sth. from doing sth.禁止某人/某物做某事stop sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事keep sb./sth. from doing sth.不讓某人/某物做某事Smoking in this railway carriage is strictly prohibited.本列車車廂嚴格禁止吸煙。We are prohibited from drinking alcohol durin

30、g working hours.工作時間內我們不得喝酒。詞語辨析prohibit, forbid與banprohibit指(通過法律、法令、公告、嚴正警告)“禁止”某些事情，應用范圍比其他兩個詞廣，其常用結構為prohibit sb. from doing sth.。forbid“禁止”，為常用詞，常用結構forbid sb. to do sth.。ban“禁止”，語氣最強，指權威機關“正式禁止”，這種禁止可以是正面的，也可以是負面的；ban只以物作賓語，而不能以人作賓語。預測題Traffic regulations _ people from riding bicycles on the s

31、idewalk.A. stop B. prohibitC. prevent D. keep答案：B用prohibit, forbid或ban的適當形式填空Smoking is _ in the office building.His parents _ him wine.Bicycles are _ from the new hibitedforbidbanned10. foresee vt.預見，預知The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen.損害程度是無法預見的。We could foresee tha

32、t we would die if we couldnt reach land very soon.可以預見，如果不能很快地靠岸登陸，我們必死無疑。詞語辨析foresee, forecast, predictforesee強調“預見，預知”，著重宣布未來的事，而不表明所預言的事情是否正確。forecast強調“預報”，指通過分析一些相關的信息、數據來預測。predict常指根據已知的事實或自然規律推斷出未來的事情，可用于各種不同的場合；predict所作的預言有一定的科學性。預測題Those who can _ difficulties on their way _ success may k

33、eep calm when they really appear.A. forecast; of B. forecast; toC. foresee; to D. foresee; of答案：C用foresee, forecast或predict的適當形式填空The difficulties could not have been _.Hurricanes have been _ for tomorrow afternoon.She _ that he would marry a doctor.foreseenforecastpredicted11. rob vt.搶奪，搶掠；盜走；剝奪rob

34、 sb./some place of sth.搶走某人/某處某物While she was walking, her handbag was robbed.在她散步時，她的手提袋被搶了。You have robbed me of the glory of youth.你剝奪了我青春的光輝。考試題 (南安三校)On his returning from work he found his house _.A. robbing B. robbedC. stealing D. stolen答案與解析：B房子不可能被steal，故排除C、D兩項；house與rob之間是動賓關系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補

35、足語。12. decline v下降；婉拒，婉言謝絕；n.下降，減少decline an offer婉拒提議decline to do sth.拒絕做某事a decline in.在的方面的減少fall/go into a decline不景氣in declineon the decline在下降，在衰退declining adj.越來越少的；越來越差的His influence declined as he grew older.隨著年齡的增長，他的影響力降低了。We asked them to come to our party, but they declined the invitat

36、ion.我們邀請他們來參加我們的聚會，但他們婉言謝絕了。詞語辨析decline，refuse與rejectdecline作“拒絕”之意時，常指有禮貌地回絕，婉言謝絕，其主語只能是人。refuse語氣比decline重，主語可以是人也可以是物。reject比refuse語氣更重，意為“拋棄，拒收，不采納”。預測題Did you take part in his birthday party?No, though he invited me, I _.Adenied BacceptedCdeclined Dadopted答案：C13. equip vt.& vi.裝備；配備；使有準備；使有資格be

37、 equipped with.equip.with.用裝備equip sth. on.在上裝備某物equip sb. for.使某人具有equipment n設備，器材a piece of equipment for.一件的設備解題警示equipment為不可數名詞，不可用an equipment進行表達；但可以用a piece of equipment 表示“一件設備”。預測題The explorers were told to _ themselves with everything they would need for the voyage.Aassociate BequipCrela

38、te Dfeed答案：B14. fortune n. U 機會；運氣；C命運；大筆的錢fortunate adj.幸運的，運氣好的fortunately adv.幸運地try ones fortune碰運氣tell sb.s fortune為某人算命come into a fortune繼承大筆遺產make a fortune發財考試題 (2008南昌)The millionaire passed away，leaving his children with a large _.Afortune BluckCmoney Damount答案與解析：A考查名詞辨析。The millionaire

39、暗示留給他的孩子們的應該是財產/巨款。15. at any rate無論如何；至少at this rate照這樣下去at the rate of以速度at this rate照這樣At any rate, I determined to wait for his definite reply.無論如何，我得等到他給我一個肯定的答復。He said hell be coming tomorrow. At any rate, I think thats what he said.他說他明天要來，至少，我認為他是這么說的。考試題 (蓬萊三校)I may be away on business nex

40、t week but _ Ill be back by Friday.A. at any rate B. at a rateC. at this rate D. at the rate答案與解析：Aat this rate照這樣；at any rate意為“不管怎么樣”。句意：我可能下周出差，但無論如何我在周五要返回來。故選A項。16. concern n擔心，擔憂；關切；vt.涉及；與有關；影響；使擔憂；使煩惱show/express(great) concern about/for.對表示關心/擔心as concernsconcerning關于as/so far as.be concern

41、ed關于；至于；就而言be/feel concerned about/over/at sth.關心；憂慮，掛念be concerned in sth.和某事有牽連be concerned with牽涉到，與有關，參與預測題Even in Ancient Rome times parents _ their children not following traditions.A. were contributed to B. were connected withC. were concerned about D. were combined with答案與解析：Cbe concerned ab

42、out關心，擔心；be contributed to被獻給；be connected with與連接起來；be combined with與結合起來。由題意知選C項。Applied science is _ discovering ways to use the knowledge of theoretical science.A. concerned about B. concerned withC. focused on D. combined with答案與解析：B本題主要考查be concerned about和be concerned with的區別，前者意為“關心，關注”，后者意為

43、“與有關聯，牽涉到”。句意：應用科學研究涉及探究理論科學知識的應用方法。句 型 剖 析It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遺憾，由于無知，成千上萬的人們錯過了用傳統中醫治療的機會。It seemsn./adj.that從句中，it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語。seem(to be)形容詞/名詞/介詞短語/分詞seemto do/to have don

44、e/to be doingIt seems that.(用陳述語氣)It seems as if/as though.(從句可用虛擬語氣)There seems (to be).seem liken.好像It seems that there is no way out of difficulty.我們似乎無法擺脫困境。There seems (to be) every reason to believe that business will get better.看來，完全有理由相信生意會轉好。考試題(2010北京市崇文區)Oh！My God！A _ by mistake!A. delete

45、d b. to be deletedC. being deleted D. to have been deleted答案與解析：D此題考查不定式的時態語態。seem to do似乎做某事“文件似乎已被刪除”，故選D項to have been done不定式的完成時的被動語態。(合肥市質檢)The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed _ it pretty well.A. to prepare B. preparingC. having prepared D. to have prepared答案與解析

46、：Dprepare動作發生在seemed之前，故用不定式的完成時態。而seem后接動詞不定式，seem to do sth.“似乎干”，故選D項。隨 堂 檢 測.單詞拼寫1They spent a lot of money e_ the school with computers.2The group o_ the mayor and is trying to find a candidate to run against him.3He went from city to city, s_ for work.4Nowadays more and more farmer workers lea

47、ve their hometown and rush into big cities to make a f_.equippingopposesseekingfortune5Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant t_ so much noise.6We have to p_ going to France because the children are ill.7The high cost of equipment p_ many people from taking up this sport.8The activiti

48、es of Welsh mines went into _(減少)after about 1880.toleratepostponeprohibitsdecline9Completed projects must be _(提交)by 10 March, 2010.10They have been living in reduced _(情形)since John lost his job.submittedcircumstances.選擇填空(有兩項為多余選項)in vain, at random, at all costs, straight away, stop sth. in its

49、tracks, at any rate, wipe out1You are not to allow anyone to leave the room _.2They have_the enemys major military targets.3The thief tried to open the locked door but _.at all costswiped outin vain4We may miss the next train, but _ well be there before noon.5When the teacher came in, she opened her

50、 book _ and started reading.at any rateat random.根據提示翻譯句子1要彌補已失去的時光是不可能的。(to be made up)答案：It is impossible for lost time to be made up.2人們普遍認為Bill Gates是世界上最富有的人。(be believed)答案：Bill Gates is believed to be the richest man in the world.或It is believed that Bill Gates is the richest man in the world

51、.3這次事故本來是可以避免的。(could have done )答案：This accident could have been prevented.4似乎有好多年沒有見你了。(seems)答案：It seems like years since I last saw you.交際用語1(河南省聯考)I put him down for a welleducated man._？I mean that hes a welleducated man.AI beg your pardonBSpeak louder, will youCWhats thatDWill you repeat word

52、 for word答案與解析：A由下文語境“我的意思是他是一個受過良好教育的人”可知提問者沒有聽明白對方的話，用I beg your pardon來請求重復。2(鄭州質量預測)Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.OK. _.A. Take it easy B. Go slowlyC. Stay longer D. See you later答案與解析：D句意：時間不早了，我該走了。因此答語為“再見”，在口語中通常用“See you later”或“See you”。 Take it easy“不緊張，不生氣，不激動”等，用來安慰對方，

53、而B項和C項屬于漢語式的表達。.語法專練1(2010福建期末)If you _ to the party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.I caught a cold, for I had been walking around in the rain.AcameBhad comeCwould come Dwould have come答案：B2(2010東至聯考)No student _ go out of the school campus after ten oclock at night without per

54、mission, according to the school regulations.A. willB. mustC. mayD. shall答案：D3(2010學軍中學) Miss Pei is on time for everything. How _ it be _ she was late for the opening ceremony?A. must; where B. can; thatC. should; when D. might; if答案：B4(2010安徽質檢)Mum, would you please buy me a MP5 player?If you can

55、help do the dishes the whole vacation, you _ have one as a reward.Amust BneedCwould Dshall答案：D5(2010淄博上學期期末) In fact, you _ go outside at all. Theres a supermarket just downstairs.A. couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt答案：C6(2010濰坊測試) Can you imagine that a smart man like him _ make such a stupid

56、mistake?A. might B. should C. would D. need答案：B7(2010膠州診斷)Be quick，please.I have to be there by 900._，but Ill try my best.AThats all right BNo problem CI cant promise DIts impossible答案：C課時檢測B21(Unit 21Human Biology).單項填空1Is there anyone who _ the plans put forward by the committee?No one.AdiffersBop

57、posesCdisagrees Drefuses答案與解析：B句意：有人反對由該委員會提出的這些計劃嗎？沒有。oppose指“經過認真考慮后反對”，符合題意。differ為不及物動詞，與from搭配，表示“與不同”；disagree“不同意”，需加with/on/to后才能跟賓語；refuse“拒絕”，為及物動詞。2Somewhat better _ academically, he returned home to continue his experiment.A. furnished B. equippedC. provided D. installed答案與解析：Bequip“(智力、

58、體力上)使有準備；裝備；武裝”，符合題意。furnish(用家具)裝備(居室)；provide提供，供應；install安裝(儀器、設備等)。3Thieves _ the bank _ thousands of dollars, the course of which was taperecorded by a video.Arobbed; from Brobbed; ofCstole; of Dstole; from答案與解析：B句意：小偷們搶了銀行數千美元，整個過程都被錄像機錄了下來。rob sb. of sth.搶了某人某物；steal sth. from sb.偷了某人某物。4Why

59、do you Chinese always add something red to the family during the Spring Festival?Because it is believed in China that red things will bring good _ in the coming year.Afortune BfameCwealth Dmoney答案與解析：A由常識可知，中國人認為紅色的東西能為人們在來年帶來好運，故用fortune“運氣”。fame名聲，名詞；wealth財富，財產；money錢。5Why did you sell the house

60、at a very low price?I have no other choice. The _ forced me to do that.A. state B. conditionC. circumstance D. cnvironment答案與解析：C句意：你為什么把房子低價出售了？我沒有其他選擇了。當時的情況迫使我那么做的。circumstance作“情況，環境”講時，常用復數形式，符合題意。state“狀態”；condition“條件，情況”，指一定時間內人的感覺或事情所處的情況；environment“(自然)環境”。6It is very clear that TV progra