1、六級(jí)漢譯英講義一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序（一）漢譯英應(yīng)試原則手法靈活 （如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說(shuō)法表達(dá) ）語(yǔ)法正確 （避免時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 ）內(nèi)容忠實(shí) （必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來(lái)，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪 ）語(yǔ)言閃光 （譯文符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，且用詞準(zhǔn)確、多樣 ）（二）漢譯英基本程序1. 理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義2. 翻譯 確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞3. 審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯;其次，檢查是否有語(yǔ)言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤，如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，及 時(shí)改正。二、漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、倍數(shù)增減的

2、表示法1）Force N1 （比力 N2 大 2.5 倍 ）.2）This substance （反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍 ）.3）The earth （是月球大小的 49 倍）.4）The landlord （ 想將租金提高三分之一 ）.5）They （計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍 ）.二、時(shí)態(tài)1）Be quick, （否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了）.2）When she got home, （ 孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了 ）.3）When I prepare for the college entrance examination, （ 我姐姐將在海邊度假 ）.4）I（一上午都在修改我的簡(jiǎn)歷 ）.

3、5）Do you often go on holiday? （ 不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒(méi)有度假了 ）.6）He joined the army in October, 2001. （ 他參軍已五年了 ）.三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1）The blackboard and chalk （ 正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代 ）.2）The book （ 到今年年底就將已出版 ）.3）Computer models （ 可以用來(lái)演示細(xì)胞工作的方式 ）.4）When the bill of fare was brought, （ 我驚呆了， 價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù)料）.5）（ 必須立即采取有效措施 ）to eliminate sa

4、ndy storms.四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1）The phone is ringing, （ 但是沒(méi)人接聽。她一定不在家 ）.2）I can ' t find my sunglasses. 我_可（ 能昨天落在咖啡店里了 ）.3）You screamed in your sleep last night. （ 你一定夢(mèng)見什么可怕的東西了）.4）It ' s a pity. 你_本（ 應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的 ）.5）（ 其實(shí)我沒(méi)必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的）; most of theguests were wearing jeans and sweaters.五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣

5、1）I wish （ 我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì) ）.2）If only （ 他知道這病是可以治好的 ）! Then he would not have killedhimself.3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? I ' d rather he 漆（ 成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾 ）.4）It ' s high time that 采_（取措施解決交通堵塞的問(wèn)題 ）.5）Hugh usually talks （ 仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說(shuō)似的 ）.6）We insist that （ 讓杰克立刻進(jìn)

6、醫(yī)院 ）.7）It was advised that （ 在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店 ）.8）His proposal was that （ 他們成立一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)來(lái)檢查這個(gè)問(wèn)題 ）.9）We are going to discuss his suggestion that （ 取消期中考試 ）.10）It is ridiculous that （ 我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)總是下雨的國(guó)家還缺水 ）.11）It is essential that （ 每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備 ）.12）（ 如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票 ）, we would have had quite acomfortable jour

7、ney.13）I was to have made a speech （ 要不是有人把我的話打斷了 ）.14）It didn ' t rain last night. 要_是（ 下了，地就會(huì)濕的 ）.15）（ 如果我一直住在紐約 ）, I would know the U.S. well now.16）If the doctor had not come in time, （ 他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了 ）.17）But for his help, （ 我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了 ）.18）I used my calculator; （ 否則，我會(huì)花更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能算出這道題 ）.19）

8、Were I in your place, （ 我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì) ）.20）Had it not been for their opposition, （ 這項(xiàng)法案早就通過(guò)了 ）.21）Should there be another world war, （ 人類的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn) ）.22）He walked lightly （ 以免驚醒嬰兒 ）.六、不定式1）It was a great achievement （10 個(gè)月建成一棟 24 層的樓 ）.2）It is necessary （我們?cè)诳荚嚽昂煤玫厮煌砩嫌X ）.3）It is generous （ 你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人

9、民 ）.4）The teacher decided （ 不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生 ）.5）Mr. Green was wondering （ 是否去看望在法國(guó)的兒子 ）.6）The gardener （ 剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水 ）.7）We （ 請(qǐng)他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座 ）.8）He feels it challenging （ 在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席 ）.9）We hope to have more opportunities （ 把我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐 ）.10）The bad weather （ 破壞了我們?cè)诼短旆烹娪暗挠?jì)劃 ）.11）The environ

10、mentalists are against （ 在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定 ）.12）Sally Ride was the first （ 探索外部空間的美國(guó)婦女 ）.13）They lifted a rock （ 結(jié)果砸了自己的腳 ）.14）He was surprised （ 在這個(gè)山村遇見一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué) ）.15）I am sorry （ 占用了您這么多時(shí)間 ）.16）I happened （ 在他沖進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候站在門口 ）.17）She doesn ' t like 被_（當(dāng)作客人 ）.18）If you want to save money, you' d better

11、到（ 校園書店買舊書 ）.19）We did nothing （ 除了整天打橋牌 ）.20）We were made （ 進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳 ）.七、分詞1）This is the first time that I heard （ 用意大利語(yǔ)唱 “祝你生日快樂(lè) ” ）.2）The cars （停在消防通道的 ） will be ticketed.3）The war went on for years, （ 奪去了成千上萬(wàn)人的生命 ）.4）The farmers used a new insecticide, thus （ 將平均產(chǎn)量提高了 15%）.5）Einstein watched

12、the toy in delight, （ 想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理 ）.6）（ 看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書 ）, we stopped talking and began tostudy.7）（ 被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了 ）, they decided to pay for hiseducation.8）（ 從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來(lái)看 ）, Einstein was a simple, modest andordinary man.9）（ 好久沒(méi)有收到父母的來(lái)信了 ）, he was worried about them.八、動(dòng)名詞1）（ 每天洗冷水澡 ） does him a lot of g

13、ood.2）They tried to avoid （ 讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情 ）.3）Developing varieties is the key to （ 使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng) ）.4）It is no use （ 為灑了的牛奶而哭泣 ）.5）He denied（ 偷看了同桌的試卷 ）.6）We congratulated her on （ 被提升為經(jīng)理 ）.九、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1）Success means （非常努力地工作 ）.2）John meant （ 開車去那兒，但他的車出了故障 ）.3）I heard him （ 在跟他的母親談話 ）.4）I heard him （ 跟

14、他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí) ）.5）He jumped into the pool to save the child （ 結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿 ）.6）He jumped from the burning house, （ 摔斷了雙腿 ）.7）He was happy （看到父母很健康 ）.8）（ 看到父母安然無(wú)恙 ）, he issued a sigh of relief.9）（ 跟隨著它的腳印 ）, the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.10）The pop, （ 后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢 ）, came to meet his fans.十、名詞從句1）（

15、他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南 ） is still a secret.2）（ 最讓我不解的 ） was that he spoke English so well.3）（ 這么做是故意的 ） became obvious.4）It is not clear yet （ 誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé) ）.5）It is none of your business （ 瑪麗與誰(shuí)訂婚 ）.6）Don 't put off till tomorrow （今天能做的事 ）.7）This novel is just （ 我一直在尋找的 ）.8）It is not yet known （ 機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象

16、人一樣的視力 ）.9）（ 她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物 ） is not clear to me.10）My main problem right now is （ 我是否應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求另一筆貸款 ）.11）It all depends on （ 他們是否會(huì)支持我們 ）.12）You have yet to answer my question （ 我是否可以指望你的投票 ）.13）Finally, the workers got an answer （ 政府做不了什么事來(lái)提高他們工資）.14）Obviously, there was little certainty （ 主席會(huì)同意他的提議 ）.十一、定語(yǔ)從

17、句1）Everyday many tourists come to visit （ 魯迅出生的那棟房子 ）.2）The old lady died （ 在她兒子到達(dá)的那天 ）.3）This is （我贊成這一改革的理由 ）.4）Let ABC be （一個(gè)三邊不等長(zhǎng)的三角形 ）.5）Some of the roads were flooded, （ 這使我們的旅程更為艱難 ）.6）He introduced me to his students, （ 他們大部分是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生 ）.7）（ 眾所周知 ）, water is a liquid.十二、狀語(yǔ)從句1）（ 不管我們談?wù)撌裁?）, Jim

18、 brings polities into the discussion.2）（ 不管哪一方獲勝 ）, I shall be satisfied.3）（ 不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他 ）, the comedian always had aquick, sharp reply.4）We climbed high （ 這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景 ）.5）The problem so very complicated （ 花了我們兩個(gè)周才解決 ）.6）You can go out （只要你答應(yīng)晚上 11 點(diǎn)以前回來(lái) ）.7）I remember the whole thing （ 仿佛是昨

19、天發(fā)生的 ）.十三、比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1）Does she dance （跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美 ）?2）The buildings look （ 在倫敦比在這兒難看得多 ）.3）This is （他畫的最好的畫之一 ）.4）The higher you climb, （ 空氣就越稀薄 ）.十四、倒裝句1）Scarcely had she fallen asleep （一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒 ）.2）No sooner had Anne arrived （ 就生病了 ）.3）The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. （ 他妻子也沒(méi)說(shuō)一句歡迎的話 ）.4）

20、Only then （ 那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù) ）.5）Only when you adjust down your price （ 我們才能做成這筆買賣 ）.十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句1）（ 正是 Jefferson 寫下了 ）the Declaration of Independence.2）（ 作者是帶著真摯的情感 ）praises all that is progressive.3）（ 正是因?yàn)樗疂q了 ）we could not cross the river.4）（ 人們聽見正是 Jim 這個(gè)無(wú)情的家伙 ） shouting at his mother in thedead of nig

21、ht.5）（ 直到我告訴她 ） Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.三、漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案及解析一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法1）is 2.5 times greater than Force N2（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 形容詞 / 副詞比較級(jí) + than）2）reacts three times as fast as the other one（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞 / 副詞 + as）3）is 49 times the size of the moon（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 名詞 ）4）wants to raise the rent by a third（考點(diǎn)

22、：動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞 / 百分比 /倍數(shù) ）5）plan to double their investment（考點(diǎn)： double + 名詞 ）二、時(shí)態(tài)1）or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church（考點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí) ）2）the children had fallen asleep（考點(diǎn)：過(guò)去完成時(shí) ）3）my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside（考點(diǎn)：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) ）4）have been revising my resume al

23、l the morning（考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) ）5）No. It has been five years since I went on holiday（考點(diǎn)：It has been since sb. did st表示某人有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有做某事了）6）He has been in the army for 5 years（考點(diǎn)： 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ;2 .要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能接一段時(shí)間 ）三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1）is being replaced by the computer and the projector（考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）2）will have been published by

24、 the end of this year（考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)完成時(shí)）3）can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work（考點(diǎn)： 1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用 ; 2. 漢語(yǔ)有些沒(méi)有 “被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示被 動(dòng), 要譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ）4）I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated（考點(diǎn)：同 “3的”考點(diǎn) 2）5）Effective measures must be taken immediately（考點(diǎn)：漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)

25、主句通常翻譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1）but there is no answer. She can' t be at home（ 考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性， can' t 表示“一定不”）2）I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday（ 考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作的主觀判斷 ）3）You must have dreamed of something terrible（ 考點(diǎn)：同上 ）4）You should have invi

26、ted her to your graduation ceremony（ 考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should/ought to + have done ” 用于評(píng)論過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未 做的動(dòng)作，含有批評(píng)的意思 ）5）I needn ' t have put on my best suit to go to the party（ 考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 needn' t + have + done ”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)論，認(rèn)為 “無(wú)須發(fā)生”，“不必做”）五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣1）I had had your opportunities when I was young（考點(diǎn)：I wish后

27、的that從句中用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望）2）he had known this disease is curable（考點(diǎn)： If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是 , 就好了”，用法與I wish,基本相同 ）3) painted it blue, and without any decorations( 考點(diǎn)： would rather 后的 that 從句中用過(guò)去式表示不是事實(shí) )4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams( 考點(diǎn)： It ' s (about/high)

28、 time 后的 that 從句中用過(guò)去式，表示“該是 , 的時(shí)候 了”)5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly( 考點(diǎn)： as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用過(guò)去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑 )6) Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now(考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb.(should) do ”的虛擬形式 )7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in th

29、e residential area(考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb.(should) do ”的虛擬形式 )8) they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem( 考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb.(should) do ”的虛擬形式 )9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceledsb.( 考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、 命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語(yǔ)從句通常用“

30、(that) (should) do ”的虛擬形式 )advise (advice), agree 表示“建議、命令、 要求、 想法”的動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見的有：(agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose(proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolut

31、ion), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote; 常見的這類動(dòng)詞還有： allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等 10) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining( 考點(diǎn)：在 It is/was + 形容詞后的 that 從句中常用“ sb. should do ”的形式表示建 議驚奇等。這類形容

32、詞常見的有： advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等 )11) everyone (should) be prepared for emergency( 考點(diǎn)：同上 )12）If he had booked tic

33、kets in the way I told him（ 考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反 ）13) if I had not been interrupted( 考點(diǎn)：同上 )14）If it had rained, the ground would be wet（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中，當(dāng)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，就根據(jù)情況用 適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 ）15）If I had been living in New York16) he would be dead now（ 考點(diǎn)：同上 ）17）we could not have rent a house at su

34、ch a low price（ 考點(diǎn)： but for 經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中 if 的代用語(yǔ) ）18）otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question（ 考點(diǎn)： otherwise 也經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中 if 的代用語(yǔ) ）19）I would seize the opportunity without hesitation（ 考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were, had, should 這三個(gè)詞，可以省去 if ，采用主謂語(yǔ)倒裝的形式來(lái)表示條件 ）20）this act would have be

35、en passed much earlier（ 考點(diǎn)：同上 ）21）the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy（ 考點(diǎn)：同上 ）22）lest he should awaken the baby（ 考點(diǎn)： lest （ 以免 ） 引導(dǎo)的從句通常用 sb. should do 的形式表示虛擬 ）六、不定式1）to complete a 24-story building in 10 months（ 考點(diǎn)：不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首代替不定式， 而將不定式移到謂語(yǔ) 后面）2）for us to ha

36、ve a good night' s sleep before the test（考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞 for + 代詞 /名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描述的對(duì)象是事情， 這種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有： necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等 ）3）of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area（考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞 of + 代詞 /名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描 述的對(duì)象是人，這

37、種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有：absurd, bold, brave, careful,careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等 ）4）not to punish those students who had been late for class（ 考點(diǎn)： 1. 用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作 decide 的賓語(yǔ) ;2. 不定式的否定形式是

38、在 to 前加 not）（ 能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin,bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepar

39、e, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish）5）whether to visit their son in France（ 考點(diǎn)：“疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式”作動(dòng)詞 wonder 的賓語(yǔ)。能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞通常有 ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, und

40、erstand, wonder等 ）6）warned me just now not to water flowers at noon（ 考點(diǎn)：不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) ）7）invited him to give us a lecture on modern art( 能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge,command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform

41、invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：劃線的動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶 to）8）to be the chairman of students' union in so large a university（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + it +形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。 it

42、是形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式是真正賓語(yǔ) ）9）to apply what we have learned in class to practice（ 考點(diǎn)：不定式作定語(yǔ) ）（ 不定式常用作以下名詞/ 代詞的定語(yǔ)： ability, ambition, anything, attempt,capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, somet

43、hing, tendency, time, way, wish 等 ）10）ruined our plan to show the film in the open air（ 考點(diǎn)：同上 ）11）the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs（ 考點(diǎn)：同上 ）12）American woman to explore the outer space（ 考點(diǎn)：由 only, last, next，序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ) ）13）only to drop it on their own feet14）t

44、o meet a high school classmate in the mountain village（ 考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語(yǔ) ）15）to have taken up so much of your time（考點(diǎn)： 1. 不定式作原因狀語(yǔ) ;2. 不定式的完成時(shí) ）16）to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in（ 考點(diǎn)：不定式的進(jìn)行式 ）17）to be treated as a guest（考點(diǎn)：不定式的被動(dòng)形式 ）18）go to the campus bookstore to buy used books（考點(diǎn)：不帶 to

45、 的不定式 ）19）but play bridge the whole day（考點(diǎn)：同上 ）20）to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room（考點(diǎn)：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞 see, make, hear 等用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要保留to）七、分詞1）“ Happy birthday to you ” sung in Italian（考點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) ）（catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch 等動(dòng)詞常用 分詞形

46、式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) ）2）parked in the fire lane（考點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ) ）3）killing thousands upon thousands of people4）raising the average yield by 15 percent（考點(diǎn)：同上 ）5）trying to deduce its operating principle（考點(diǎn)：分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ) ）6）Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語(yǔ) ）7）Deeply moved by the boy ' s deeds（考點(diǎn)：

47、同上 ）8）Seen from the eyes of a young friend（考點(diǎn)：分詞作方式狀語(yǔ) ）9）Not having heard from his parents for a long time（考點(diǎn)： 1. 分詞作原因狀語(yǔ) ;2.分詞的否定形式 ;3.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式 ）八、動(dòng)名詞1）Taking a cold bath every day（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) ）2）making their daughter do what she didn' t like to do（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) ）（ 下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)只能是動(dòng)名詞而不能是不定式：admit, adv

48、ise, allow, anticipate,appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy , escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can' thelp, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can' t stand, stop, suggest）3）getting our goo

49、ds into the international market4）crying over spilled milks the poin（考點(diǎn)： 動(dòng)名詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 動(dòng)名詞經(jīng)常與以下詞組連用： be worth, have difficulty （in）, it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, what of, what ' s the use of）5）having peeked at his neighbor'sapt esrt p（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的完成式 ）6

50、）being promoted to manager（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式 ）九、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1）working very hard.（考點(diǎn)： mean 表示 “意味著 ”）2）to drive there, but his car broke down（考點(diǎn)： mean 表示 “打算 ”）（類似需要區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞還有 forget, remember, regret, go on, stop 等 ）3）talking to his mother（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行 ）4）talk to his mother for an hour（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程 ）5）only to break hi

51、s own leg（考點(diǎn)：意料之外的結(jié)果 ）6）breaking his legs（考點(diǎn)：意料之中的結(jié)果 ）7）to see his parents in good health8）Seeing his parents safe and sound（考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句首 ）9）Following its footprints（考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng) ）10）followed by two body guards（考點(diǎn)：過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng) ）十、名詞從句1）Why they left their hometown for Yunnan（考點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)從句 ）2）What confused me

52、 most（考點(diǎn)：同上 ）3）That this was done on purpose（考點(diǎn)：同上 ）4）who should be responsible for this matter（考點(diǎn)：較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)從句可以后置，用it 作形式主語(yǔ) ）5）whom Mary is engaged to（考點(diǎn)：同上 ）6）what can be done today（考點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句 ）7）what I have been looking for（考點(diǎn)：表語(yǔ)從句 ）8）whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision（考點(diǎn)： whether/if 引導(dǎo)后置的主語(yǔ)從句 ）9）Whether she likes the present（考點(diǎn)： whether 引導(dǎo)前置的主語(yǔ)從句 ）10）whether I should ask for another loan（考點(diǎn)： whether 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句 ）11）whether they will