1、新視野讀寫教程第三版第二冊讀寫教程課后翻譯參考答案第一單元英譯中 English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English

2、and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the Britis

3、h Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cine

4、ma, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人們普遍認為英語是一種世界語言， 經常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家 使用。與其他語言一樣， 英語也發生了很大的變化。 英語的歷史可以分為三個主 要階段：古英語，中古英語和現代英語。英語起源于公元 5 世紀，當時三個日耳 曼部落入侵英國， 他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。 在中世紀和現代社會 初期，英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從 17 世紀初，它的影響力開始在世界各地 顯現。歐洲幾百年的探險和殖民過程導致了英語的重大變化。 今天，由于美國電 影、電視、貿易和

5、技術、包括互聯網的大受歡迎，美國英語的影響力尤其顯著。漢譯中 中國書法 (calligraphy) 是一門獨特的藝術、是世界上獨一無二的藝術瑰 寶。中國書法藝術的形成，發展與漢文字的產生與演進存在著密不可分的關系。 漢字在漫長的演變發展過程中， 一方面起著交流思想、 繼承文化的重要作用， 另 一方面它本身又形成了一種獨特的藝術。 書法能夠通過作品把書法家個人的生活 感受、學識、修養、個性等折射出來，所以，通常有 “字如其人 ”的說法。中國書 法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶，而且在世界文化藝術寶庫中獨放異彩。Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the un

6、ique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have notonly played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture b

7、ut also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic workswell reflect calligraphers personal feelings, knowl-ecduglteiv,astieolnf , personality,s handwand so forth, thus there is an expression that“ seeing the calligrapherlike seeing the person ”A. s one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chine

8、se calligraphy shines splendidly in the world s treasure house of culture and art.第二單元英譯漢 A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. M00Cs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in

9、higher education. These classes are aimed at expanding a universitys reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, M00Cs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students

10、 and professors. MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course inspire people to “ tryon”subjects that they wouldnt otherwise pursue or even try on education itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material, en

11、couraging multimodal （ 多模式的 ） learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕課是一種網絡課程，它旨在通過網絡實現廣泛參與和開放接入。 慕課是遠 程教育邁出的最新一步，現已在高等教育領域迅速引領潮流。 通過這些課程，大 學可以擴大影響的范圍，從影響成千上萬住在城里付學費的學生， 擴展到惠及全 球上

12、百萬的學生。除了擁有傳統的課程資料，慕課還給使用者提供互動論壇，支 持學生和講師之間的交流。慕課能夠促進參與者之間的交流，使得多種觀點、知 識和技能涌現到課堂上來；它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程， 甚至是嘗試 新的教育方式；它提供多種學習課程資料的方式， 鼓勵多模式學習，以各種學習 風格滿足學習者的需求；另外，慕課促進教學的改善，使技術在面對面授課中得 以更好地應用。 中翻英近年來，隨著互聯網技術的發展，我國的數字化教育資源建設取得了 巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的數字化學習平臺， 數字化教學在教育中發揮 著越來越大的作用。和傳統教學方式相比，數字化教學方式有很大的優勢。一方 面，數字化

13、教學使教學資源得以全球共享； 另一方面，它拓展了學習者的學習時 間和空間，人們可以隨時隨地通過互聯網進入數字化的虛擬學校學習。 這使得人 類從接受一次性教育走向終身學習成為可能。In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning

14、platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learner

15、 s study timaned space to learn, allowing people to get accessto the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.第三單元英譯中 As an important part of the American culture value system,

16、“individualism ”isadmired by most American people. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happinessof individual members. In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either

17、 socially or economically. What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual. With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the conseq

18、uences of the choices. Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had astrong effect on the family.作為美國文化價值體系的一個重要組

19、成部分， “個人主義”受到大多數美國 人的推崇。美國人認為家庭作為一個群體， 其主要目的是促進家庭各成員的幸福。 與許多其他文化相比， 美國家庭成員的主要職責， 不是在社會上或經濟上提高整 個家庭的地位。 人們通常認為， 什么是對個人最好的要比什么是對家庭最好的更 為重要。與自由相伴而來的是照顧自己的責任，因為所選擇的自由承載了責任， 即必須接受自己的選擇所帶來的后果。 許多美國人給他們的孩子很多的自由， 因 為他們希望孩子們能夠獨立和自力更生。 在美國人強調個人自由的同時， 父母與 孩子間平等的信念也對美國家庭產生了巨大的影響。中譯英孝道(filial piety)是中國古代社會的基本道德規

20、范(code of ethics)。中 國人把孝視為人格之本、 家庭和睦之本、 國家安康之本。 由于孝道是儒家倫理思 想的核心，它成了中國社會千百年來維系家庭關系的道德準則。 它毫無疑問是中 華民族的一種傳統美德。孝道文化是一個復合概念，內容豐富，涉及面廣。它既 有文化理念，又有制度禮儀(institutional etiquette) 0 一般來說，它指社會要求子 女對父母應盡的義務，包括尊敬、關愛、贍養老人等等。孝道是古老的“東方文 明”之根本。Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in theancient Chinese society. C

21、hinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a persons integrity, family harmony, anthe nation wse l l -be i n g. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. Its undo

22、ubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filialpiety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, inclu

23、ding respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamentalto the ancient“Orientalcivilization ”.第四單元英譯中 Valentine Dsay on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love toke

24、ns between lovers. There are different origins regarding the festival. One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods. On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he hdacured

25、the jailer s daughter of blindness. The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “Fromyour Valentine ”La.ter, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones. Today, people celebrate ValentinesDay in different ways, sending greeting cards and

26、flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和歐洲各國都會慶祝 2 月 14 日的情人節。這是一個充滿愛情和浪漫的 節日，戀人之間通常都會交換情人卡和愛情信物。 關于這個節日的起源有著不同 的說法。一個傳說是羅馬人把一個叫圣瓦

27、倫丁的神父關進了監獄， 因為他拒絕相 信羅馬神。 2 月 14 日那天，瓦倫丁被處死，不僅因為他是基督徒，而且因為他 曾治愈了一位監獄看守雙目失明的女兒。 他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名 “你的瓦倫丁 ”的告別信。后來， 2 月 14 日就成了一個人們可以為他們的情 人展示感情的節日。 現在，人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節， 他們發送賀卡、鮮花， 贈送巧克力或其他禮品， 或共進浪漫的晚餐。 現在這個節日已流行世界各地。 在 中國，這個節日也正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。中譯英 農歷七月初七是中國的七夕節 (Qixi Festival) ，是中國傳統節日中最具浪 漫色彩的一個節日。 一些大的商家每

28、年都舉辦不同的活動， 年輕人也送禮物給他 們的情人。因此，七夕節被認為是中國的情人節” (Valentine s。七夕節來自牛郎與織女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的傳說。相傳，每年的這個夜晚，天 上的織女都會與牛郎相會。 所以， 在七夕的夜晚， 人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河 (the Milky Way)相會。姑娘們也會在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧，以獲 得美滿姻緣。 但隨著時代的變遷， 這些活動正在消失， 唯有標志著忠貞愛情的牛 郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間。July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festiva

29、l, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “ValentineDays” .The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd

30、and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.

31、 But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.第五單元英翻中 The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global

32、exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establi

33、shment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exch

34、ange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civiliza

35、tions acknowledging each other.大發現年代，也被稱為大勘探年代，是歐洲進行全球勘查的一個歷史時期， 始于 15世紀初并一直持續到 18 世紀。這一時期通常被認為是中世紀和近代之間 的橋梁，當時西方帝國主義剛興起， 歐洲各王國之間正在經濟上互相競爭， 他們 想通過建立貿易路線和殖民地來尋找財富。 在這一時期眾多偉大的探險家中， 最 杰出的是克里斯托弗哥倫布，因為他發現了新大陸。歐洲的海外擴張導致了殖 民帝國的崛起，舊大陸與新大陸的接觸也促成了兩邊的互相交換：大量的植物、 動物、食物、文化等得到遷移。這代表了歷史上生態、農業和文化在全球范圍內 最重大的活動之一。 歐洲

36、大勘探讓繪制全球性的世界地圖成為可能， 從而使人們 看到一個新的世界與古老的文明正遙相呼應。中譯英 絲綢之路（Silk Road）是我國古代一條連接中國和歐亞大陸（Eurasia） 的交通線路，由于這條商路以絲綢貿易為主，故稱 “絲綢之路 ”。作為國際貿易的 通道和文化交流的橋梁， 絲綢之路有效地促進了東西方經濟文化交流和發展， 對 世界文明進程有著深遠影響。當前，在新的歷史條件下，我國提出了 “一帶一路” （One Belt, One Road）（即絲綢之路經濟帶”和“2世紀海上絲綢之路”）的戰 略構想。 “一帶一路 ”以合作共贏為核心，強調相關各國的互利共贏和共同發展。 這一戰略一經提出即

37、受到沿線各國的積極響應。The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China andEurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name“ the Silk RAs an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural e

38、xchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “ One Belt, One Road ” （namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritim

39、e Silk Road）. The strategy of“ One Belt, One Road ” focuses oncooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.第六單元英譯中 M

40、inimalism （極簡主義 ） is about getting rid of excess stuff and keeping only what you need. Minimalist living, in simplest terms, is to live with as less as possible, mentally and physically until you achieve peace of mind. Results that ensue are less stress, more time, and increased happiness. Minimalis

41、ts like to say that they re living more meaningfully, more deliberately, and that the imnimalist lifestyle allows them to focus on whatsmore important in life: friends, hobbies, travel, experiences. Of course, minimalism doesntmean theres anything inherently wrong with owning material possessions. T

42、odays problem seems to be that we tend to give too much meaning to our things, often forsaking （拋棄） our health, our relationships, our passions, our personal growth, and our desire to contribute beyond ourselves. In addition to its application in peoples daily life, minimalism alliscoatfiionndsinappmany creative disciplines, including art, architecture, desig