1、定語從句一、定語的概念：定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。比如： (先試試用橫線劃出下面短語中的定語，然后在后面的括號里注明是什么在作定語)a beautiful girl（ ）a shoe factory（ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ） the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定語從句的概念及主要特征：1定語從句：2. 定語從句的主要特征：在句中起定語作用，相當于形容詞，修飾某一代詞或名詞或整個主句的從句。1. 先行詞

2、 (Antecedent)：定語從句所修飾的詞。2. 關系詞 (Relatives) ：連接主句與從句的詞并在定語從句中充當某一句子成分。3.定語從句所缺句子成分：主語、賓語、表語、狀語。 The girl （先行詞）who （關系詞）stands under the tree is my sister.三、定語從句的基本用法：（一）關系代詞引導的定語從句1who  指人，在定語從句中作主語，有時也作賓語。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.    正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。分析：先行詞the

3、 boys 在從句中作主語。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.   想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點到大門口集合。 分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。     Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.      昨天我幫助了一位迷路的老人。 分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。   

4、  That is the teacher who teaches us physics.        那就是教我們物理的老師。 分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。You neednt talk to the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。2whom  指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷?。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 劉先生就

5、是你們在公共汽車上談論的那個人。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.      李明正是我想要見的男孩。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.      你正在等的教授已經來了。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。     注意：關系代詞whom 在口語或非正式文

6、體中?？捎脀ho 來代替，也可省略。         The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3. whose  通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.   。分析：先行詞_引導詞在從句中作_。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. &

7、#160; 譯成漢語：_分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。I lost the book whose cover was blue. 我把那本封面是藍色的書弄丟了。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。We live in a house whose windows face the south. 譯成漢語:_注意：指物時，常用下列結構來代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you

8、 like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?  自己總結一下：在定語從句中，whose + 名詞 _ 4which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷?。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.   足球是大多數男孩所喜歡的運動。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。The factory which makes computers is far away from her

9、e.   制造計算機的那家公司離這兒很遠。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.   譯成漢語:_分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。The house which is by the lake looks nice.   湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.   

10、60;    譯成漢語：_分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.   他們昨晚看的電影一點意思也沒有。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。5that 引導定語從句時，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人時，相當于who 或whom；指物時，相當于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。The number of people that / who come to visit this cit

11、y each year reaches one million.   每年來參觀這座城市的人數達一百萬。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?   我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒？分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind.   你介紹給我的那個人很友好。The season that / comes after spring is summer

12、.   春天以后的季節是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that /_ came from Australia.   昨天我收到了一封來自澳(二) 關系副詞引導的定語從句1 when  指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。?？梢杂胕n/on/at +which代替。     I still remember the day when I first came to this school.    我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學校

13、的那一天。     分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。The time when we got together finally arrived.       我們團聚的時刻終于到了。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.       1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。把這個

14、句子改成兩個簡單句：_分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。 Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.       你還記得在農村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：_分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。2. where  指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。?？捎胕n/on/at which代替。Shanghai is the city where I was born.

15、0; 上海是我出生的城市。把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：_分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  我十年前住的房子已經被拆掉了。把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：_分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .  我參觀了那個飼養了許多奶牛的農場。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。Is this the place where they fought the enemy?&#

16、160; 這是他們當初打敵人的地方嗎？分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。注意：當先行詞是situation, occasion, point時，且又在從句中作狀語時，常用where來引導定語從句。Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed（尷尬）. He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him.3. why  指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。常可用for which來代替。Please tell me

17、 the reason why you missed the plane.  請告訴我你誤機的原因。分析：先行詞_ 引導詞在從句中作_。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.  他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.  譯成漢語：_     注意：關系副詞引導的定語從句經?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來表示。如：     From

18、 the years when (=_) he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.       自從他在農村讀小學時，他就已經知道長大后要做什么。I will never forget the moment when (=_) the blind students moved us.     Great changes are taking pl

19、ace in the city where (=_) they live.       他們生活的城市正發生巨大的變化。     The reason why (=_) he refused the invitation is quite clear.       他為什么拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。四、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句定語從句舉例 ：注意：在非限制性定語從句中，有時which所指代的先行詞是前面的整個句子。Xiao

20、 Li came to see me off, which was very kind of her.He didnt pass the exam, which surprised us.五定語從句考查重點：（一）定語從句在下列情況下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人時可以用who/whom）1. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級或者序數詞修飾時。2. 當先行詞是不定代詞everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some,much等代詞時，或當先行詞受every, any, all, some, no,

21、 little, few, much等代詞修飾時。3. 當先行詞被the very, the only, the same, the last修飾時。4. 當先行詞是who,或which引導的主句時。5. 當先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。(二) 不用that的情況 (1) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。 (錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (2) 介詞后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food.（三）關系代詞的省略： The factory

22、 we visited yesterday was really old. (請將省略的關系代詞補充在正確的位置) The man you just talked to was my English teacher. (請將省略的關系代詞補充在正確的位置) 當關系代詞在從句中作_時可以省略。（四）“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關系代詞”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is ve

23、ry famous.  他曾經就讀過的學校很出名。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy_I played tennis yesterday. 這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked.我們將去聽那位我們

24、經常談論的著名歌唱家演唱。注意： 含有介詞的固定短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who, that；關系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關系代詞是所有格時用whose?！敖樵~+關系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數詞。（四）當先行詞被one of修飾時，若one of前有the only，則從句的謂語動詞用單數，沒有的話則用復數。 He is one of the students who _ never

25、 late. 譯成漢語：_ He is the only one of the students who _ never late. 譯成漢語：_（五）先行詞是時間卻不用when引導，先行詞是地點卻不用where引導，先行詞是原因卻不用why引導。I will never forget the days _ we climbed the mountain together.I will never forget the days _ we spent together. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live.We visited the hous

26、e _ Lu Xun used to live in.This is the reason _ he was unhappy.             This is the reason _ he explained to me.（六）當先行詞被such, the same 修飾時，關系詞常用as。the same as；suchas 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和一樣。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has).請分析一下定

27、語從句：( 請劃出定語從句，并標出先行詞)1.    Check the ways you study for an English test. 2.    You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 3.    They said something you didnt like. 4.    Can you think of any problems you have had rec

28、ently?5.    My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 6.  What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?二、請把下面的句子連成一個定語從句1、1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a colle

29、ge.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my

30、 uncle.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.三、用關系代詞填空：that、which、who、 whom、whose 1.       This is the man _ wants to see you.2.   &#

31、160;   The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua. 3.       The man _ you went to see has come.4.       The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5.       The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6.       T