1、Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry 中國古典詩歌Modern Modern Chinese poetryChinese poetry 中國現代詩歌Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry Since the burning of books by Qin Shihuang, the earliest extant anthologies are the Shi Jing and Chu Ci, dating to the Spring and Autumn Period and

2、 the Warring States Period, respectively. Shi Jing(詩經 Classic of Poetry) was the first major surviving collection of Chinese poems, collecting both aristocratic poems (Odes) and more rustic poetry, probably derived from folksongs (Songs). They are mostly composed of four-character (四言) lines. A seco

3、nd, more lyrical and romantic anthology was Chu Ci (楚辭 Songs of Chu), made up primarily of poems ascribed to Qu Yuan and his follower Song Yu. These poems are composed of lines of irregular lengths, in the style prevalent in the state of Chu.Beginnings of the tradition:關關雎鳩，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。關關雎鳩，在河之洲。

4、窈窕淑女，君子好逑。參差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。參差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，輾轉反側。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，輾轉反側。參差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。參差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。參差荇菜，左右毛之。窈窕淑女，鐘鼓樂之。參差荇菜，左右毛之。窈窕淑女，鐘鼓樂之。關關 雎雎Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry中中國國古古典典詩詩歌歌ShiCi（Song）“ancient-style” gushi poetry（古體詩）（古體詩）唐以前詩歌及唐以后詩人仿作“re

5、cent-style” jintishi poetry（近體詩）（近體詩）形成于唐代ChineseSanqupoetry(散曲)Yuanopera(元雜劇）Qu（Yuan）小令（五十八字以內）中調（五十九字至九十字）長調（九十一字以上）Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry古古體體詩詩四言古詩(出現最早的是詩經，另一代表是曹操詩)雜言詩（可歸入七言古詩）登幽州臺歌登幽州臺歌七言古詩（成熟于唐代，簡稱七古）五言古詩（成熟于漢代，簡稱五古）Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry近近體

6、體詩詩絕句律詩五言絕句（五絕）江雪江雪七言絕句（七絕）早發白帝城早發白帝城 五言律詩（五律）春望春望七言律詩（七律）聞官軍收河南河北聞官軍收河南河北排律（八句以上的律詩） Poetry of Poetry of particular(dynastic) periods: particular(dynastic) periods:Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry Han poetry Jianan poetry Six Dynasties poetry Tang poetry Song poetry Yuan poetryClass

7、ical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry during the Han Dynasty, a folk-song style of poetry became popular, known as Yuefu (樂府) “Music Bureau” poems, so named because of the governments role in collecting such poems, although in time some poets began composing original works in Yuefu style. Many

8、 Yuefu poems are composed of five-character (五言) or seven-character (七言) lines, in contrast to the four-character lines of earlier times. A characteristic form of Han Dynasty literature is the Fu（賦）. Han poetry：Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryThe Four Major Poet of Hanfu：Sima Xiangru

9、Yang XiongZhang HengBan GuClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryJianan poetry： Jianan poety refers to those poetic movements occurring during the final years of the failing Han Dynasty and continuing their development into the beginning of the Six Dynasties period. Typical poets of this pe

10、riod are Cao Cao,Cao Pi, Cao Zhi 東臨碣石，以觀滄海。東臨碣石，以觀滄海。 水何澹澹，山島竦峙。水何澹澹，山島竦峙。 樹木叢生，百草豐茂。樹木叢生，百草豐茂。 秋風蕭瑟，洪波涌起。秋風蕭瑟，洪波涌起。 日月之行，若出其中；日月之行，若出其中； 星漢燦爛，若出其里。星漢燦爛，若出其里。 幸甚至哉！歌以詠志。幸甚至哉！歌以詠志。觀觀 滄滄 海海Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry The Six Dynasties era covers three main periods: the Three Kingd

11、oms (220280), Jin Dynasty (265420), and Southern and Northern Dynasties (420589). The great fields and garden poet ,Tao Yuanming, the great and highly personal poet who was noted for speaking in his own voice rather than a persona or anonymously.Six Dynasties poetry：結廬在人境，而無車馬喧。結廬在人境，而無車馬喧。問君何能爾，心遠地

12、自偏。問君何能爾，心遠地自偏。采菊東籬下，悠然見南山。采菊東籬下，悠然見南山。山氣日夕佳，飛鳥相與還。山氣日夕佳，飛鳥相與還。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。飲酒飲酒其五其五Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry A high point of classical Chinese poetry occurred during the Tang period (618 - 907); Poetry was integrated into almost every aspect of the professional and

13、 social life of the literate class, including becoming part of the Imperial examinations taken by anyone wanting a government post; Over time, some Tang poetry became more realistic, more narrative and more critical of social norms; The poetry of the Tang Dynasty remains influential today.Tang poetr

14、y：Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryEarly Tang : Four Heroes of Early TangYang JiongWang BoLu ZhaolinLuo BinwangClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry Zhang jiuling ,He Zhizhang The most famous: Li Bai , Du Fu (Li-Du) The “Fields and Gardens Poets Group” (田園詩派)： Meng Haoran ,

15、 Wang Wei The “Borders and Frontier Fortress Poets Group ”(田園詩派)： Gao Shi，Cen Cen，Wang Changling ,Wang Zhihuan ,Cui Hao High Tang : Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry The Landscape Style Poem (山水詩)： Liu Changqing , Wei Yingwu Bai Juyi , Han Yu , Meng Jiao , Liu Yusi , Liu Zongyuan , Li

16、 HeMiddle Tang : Late Tang : Du Mu ，Li Shangyin （Little Li-Du） Wen Tingyun , Wei ZhuangClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry By the Song Dynasty (960-1279), another form of poetry, the Ci (詞)new lyrics written according to the set rhythms of existing tunes. Each ci poem is labeled To the

17、tune of Tune Name (調寄詞牌) and fits the meter and rhyme of the tune. The titles of ci poems are not necessarily related to their subject matter, and many poems may share a title. In terms of their content, Ci poetry most often expressed feelings of desire .Song poetry：Classical Chinese poetryClassical

18、 Chinese poetryOu Yangxiu Wang Anshi Su shi Su ZheLiu Yong Li QingzhaoZhou Bangyan Yan Shu Huang Tingjian The Northern Song Dynasty:Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryThe Southern Song Dynasty:LuYouJiangKui（姜夔）XinQijiClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry Major developments of

19、 poetry during the Yuan Dynasty (12711368) included the development of types of poetry written to fixed-tone patterns, such as for the Yuan opera （元雜劇）librettos. After the Song Dynasty, the set rhythms of the Ci came to be reflected in the set-rhythm pieces of Chinese Sanqu poetry (散曲), a freer form

20、 based on new popular songs and dramatic arias, that developed and lasted into the Ming Dynasty (14th-17th centuries). Yuan poetry：Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryFour playwrights of Yuan Poetry： Guang HanqingMa Zhiyuan Ba Pu Zheng Guangzu倩女離魂竇娥冤天凈沙秋思青衫淚唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨Classical Chinese poet

21、ryClassical Chinese poetryzhang Yanghao西廂記山坡羊潼關懷古Wang ShifuClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry詩經詩經楚辭楚辭樂府樂府賦賦唐詩唐詩宋詞宋詞元曲元曲總體順序總結總體順序總結ModernModern Chinese poetry Chinese poetry Modern Chinese poems (new poetry新詩 ) usually do not follow any prescribed pattern. Poetry was revolutionized aft

22、er the May Fourth Movement when writers try to use vernacular styles closer to what was being spoken (baihua) rather than previously prescribed forms. ModernModern Chinese poetry Chinese poetry Early 20th-century poets like Xu Zhimo, Guo Moruo and Wen Yiduo sought to break Chinese poetry from past conventions by adopting Western models.Moder