1、VPS 教案 考研英語翻譯入門測試寫出下列專有名詞、詞組的中文釋義。Big Bang大爆炸理論SARS非典型性肺炎Anthropologist人類學家Inflationary universe theory宇宙膨脹理論Operational research experts運籌學家翻譯下列句子。1. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do .現在人們認為，腦筋越用越靈活。2. One difficulty is that almost all of wh

2、at is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.難點之一在于，所謂的行為科學幾乎全部根據心態 、感情、個性、人性等方面繼續尋找行為的根源。第一節教學目標1. 讓學生對考研英語翻譯考點、難點和評分標準有一定的了解。2. 通過對比，展示英漢語言差異，有利于學生進行英漢語言思維轉換。3. 通過實例演示和步驟解析，讓學生了解并掌握基本翻譯技巧和解題步驟。教學過程考研英語翻譯基本介紹一篇

3、約400 詞的文章5 個劃線句子例：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998) 5 個句子，每句2 分，共10 分。譯文扭曲原文，最多0.5 分。兩個譯法，按錯評分。·中文錯別字,三個錯字扣 0.5 分。歷年題材：00: 政府調控與工業化

4、發展01：計算機與未來生活02：行為科學的發展03：人類學的發展04：語言學05：傳媒領域中的電視媒介06 ：美國知識分子的作用07:法學在新聞報道中的作用08：達爾文對思維能力的看法09：關于教育種類劃分的問題10：經濟與生態11：能動意識的作用12：真理的普遍性13：人類處境考點：1. 專有名詞Big Bang、SARS、anthropologist、2. 詞組Inflationary universe theory、Operational research experts3. 多義詞school, set4. 一般性的翻譯技巧，如詞意選擇、 詞性轉換和增詞法。基礎翻譯技巧簡介：詞義的選擇

5、a deep well a deep reda deep mysterydeep outragea deep voicedeep in studyA deep thinkerTips: 1.看詞性 light2. 看上下文3. 漢語表達習慣 your idea will work.詞性的轉換（短語）The solution to the problem.The observation of the experiment. 增詞法The Great Wall is a must for tourists長城對游客來說是一個必須去的地方/參觀的景點Ease the tension in the M

6、iddle east緩解中東的緊張局勢/狀況英漢語言差異形合和意合。形合：形式上通過連接詞、介詞、引導詞等緊密結合在一起。意合：通過意義上緊密結合在一起的。枯藤老樹昏鴉/小橋流水人家例：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998)繁復與簡短英語是繁復

7、的，漢語是簡短的。It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do .現在人們認為，腦筋越用越靈活直譯保持原文的語言形式，包括用詞，句子結構，內容和意義等。gene therapy、mad cow disease、chain reaction意譯從原文意思出發，將英語所表達的意義用漢語做釋義性解釋，不過分拘泥于原文形式。As timid as hare、day student、cash cropsHe had one foot in the grave.直譯：他已

8、經有一只腳踏進墳墓了。意譯：他已經是風燭殘年了。It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do .直譯：現在被認為，我們給腦子的工作越多，他們能 干的工作就越多。意譯：現在人們認為，腦筋越用越靈活解題技巧和要求翻譯是在準確理解的基礎上用一種語言來忠實的表達另外一種語言。 理解 表達 校對例1：One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to tr

9、ace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. （02）詞匯解析：Trace sth to sth: based on sth, to find the origin of sth 根據來追溯/尋找的起源states of mind 心理狀態 Feelings 感覺，感受traits of character 性格特點human nature 人性拆分和組合基本原則：主句/從句， 主干部分/修飾部分and, or, yet, but, forwhen, as, sin

10、ce, until, before, after, where, because, since, though, although, so that, .who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whicheverwhen, where, how, why who, which, that, whom, whose on, in, with, at, of, to 分詞、不定式等步驟詳解：One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to

11、trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.拆分:One difficulty is that 其中一個困難是Almost all continues to trace behavior to幾乎所有都繼續根據追溯行為的根源What is called behavior science那個被叫做行為科學的東西。 組合：其中一個困難是幾乎所有被叫做行為科學的東西都繼續根據心態、感覺、性格特點，人性等追溯行為的根源。校對：其中一個困難是 / 難點之一在于幾乎所有都繼

12、續根據追溯行為的根源 / 幾乎全部都根據.來繼續尋找行為的根源那個被叫做行為科學的東西。/ 所謂的行為科學定稿：難點之一在于，所謂的行為科學幾乎全部根據心態 、感情、個性、人性等方面繼續尋找行為的根源。例2：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use

13、 for the study of natural phenomena.（35 詞，2003 年62 題）拆分：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry 主干which seeks to study humans and their endeavors 定語從句in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 方式狀語 that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.定

14、語從句組合：社會科學是知識探索的一個分支，它試圖象自然科學家用來研究自然現象那樣，以理性的，有序的，系統的和冷靜的方式來研究人類及其行為。課堂練習In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.（95）一般來說，當所要測定的特征/品質都能很精確界定時，測量最為

15、有效；二當所要測定或預測的東西不能明確地界定時，測試的效果最差。鞏固練習1. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society. （2004,64）解析：出于對語言和思維的關系的興趣，沃爾夫逐漸形成了這樣的觀點：語言結構決定一個社會的習慣思維模式。2. In dealing with a challe

16、nge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” （2005,50)解析：在應對如此規模的挑戰時，我們可以毫不夸張地說：“團結則立，分裂則亡。”3. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral

17、 character.(2008,50)解析：達爾文確信，失去這些愛好不只是少了樂趣，而且可能會有損于一個人的智力，更有可能有損于一個人的性情。4. Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.(2012,47)解析：此處，達爾文主義似乎給出了一個合理的解釋，如果全人類都有共同的起源，那么我們可以合理地假設文化多樣性也可以追溯到更有限的開端。5. To