1、計算機專業英語測試題一、詞匯測試題（每小題1分，共20分）（1） .TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsintoChinese（共10分，每題1分）1. Cybercafe2. microcomputer3. ROM4. Object-orientedprogramming5. utilityprogram6. systemspecification7. databaseadministrator8. modulator-demodulator9. client/servermodel10. spreadsheetprogram（2） .Transl

2、atethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromChineseintoEnglish（共10分，每題1分）1 .中央處理器2 .廣域網3 .超級計算機4 .電子商務5 .計算機安全6 .計算機文化7 .網站8 .域名9 .數據庫管理系統10 .軟件工程二、完型填空題(每空1分，共20分)Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthelistfollowingeachparagraph,makingchangesifnecessary:1. Computerhardwareistheinvolvedintheofacompute

3、randconsistsofthethatcanbephysicallyhandled.Thefunctionofthesecomponentsistypicallydividedintothreemaincategories:,and.Componentsinthesecategoriesconnectto,specifically,thecomputerscentralunit(CPU),theelectronicthatprovidesthecomputationalabilityandcontrolofthecomputer,viawiresorcircuitrycalledbus.m

4、icroprocessorscomponentprocessingfunctionoutputequipmentinputcircuitrystorage2. Intherelationalmodel,dataisorganizedintwo-dimensionalcalled.Thereisnoorstructureimposedonthedata.Thetablesorrelationsare,however,relatedtoeachother.Thedatabasemanagementsystem(RDBMS)thedatasothatitsexternalisaofrelationo

5、rtables.Thisdoesnotmeanthatdataisstoredastables:thephysicalofthedataisindependentofthewayinwhichtheislogicallyorganized.hierarchicalsetorganizerelationalrelationdatastorageviewnetworktable三、英譯漢題(每題10分，共20分)TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:1. Thefieldofcomputersciencehasgrownrapidly

6、sincethe1950sduetotheincreaseintheiruse.Computerprogramshaveundergonemanychangesduringthistimeinresponsetouserneedandadvancesintechnology.Newerideasincomputingsuchasparallelcomputing,distributedcomputing,andartificialintelligence,haveradicallyalteredthetraditionalconceptsthatoncedeterminedprogramfor

7、mandfunction.Inparallelcomputingpartsofaproblemareworkedonsimultaneouslybydifferentprocessors,andthisspeedupthesolutionoftheproblem.AnothertypeofparallelcomputingcalleddistributedcomputinguseCPUsfrommanyinterconnectedcomputerstosolveproblems.Researchintoartificialintelligence(AI)hasledtoseveralother

8、newstylesofprogramming.2. High-levellanguagesarecommonlyclassifiedasprocedure-oriented,functional,objected-oriented,logiclanguages.Themostcommonhigh-levellanguagestodayareprocedure-orientedlanguages.Intheselanguages,oneormorerelatedblocksofstatementsthatperformsomecompletefunctionaregroupedtogetheri

9、ntoaprogrammodule,orprocedure,andgivenanamesuchasprocedureA”.Ifthesamesequenceofoperationsisneededelsewhereintheprogram,asimplestatementcanbeusedtoreferbacktotheprocedure.Inessence,aprocedureisjustamini-program.Alargeprogramcanbeconstructedbygroupingtogetherproceduresthatperformdifferenttasks.四、漢譯英題

10、（20分）最著名的互聯網例子是因特網因特網起源于20世紀60年代初的研究項目。其目標是發展一種能將各種計算機網絡連接起來，使它們運行時能夠成為一個不因局部災難而崩潰的互聯系統。最初的大多數工作是由美國政府通過國防部高級研究計戈碣(DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency)發起的。隨著歲月的推移，因特網的開發從一個國防項目轉變成一個學術研究項目。如今，它在很大程度上是一個商業項目，連接著全世界的廣域網、城域網和局域網，涉及數百萬臺計算機。五.寫作題(20分)下面是一篇論文的引言，請根據引言寫出該論文的摘要，不超過200個單詞。Thefollowingparagr

11、aphsconstructtheintroductionofapaper.Pleasewriteanabstractaccordingtotheintroductionforthepaper,thenumberofwordsintheabstractshouldbelessthan200words:ANewParallelAlgorithmforEZWWiththefastdevelopmentofInternettechnologyandmultimediatechnology,digitalcommunicationtechnologyhasbroughtusmuchconvenience

12、andefficiency.Butbecausetheamountofmultimediaespeciallyimagedataisverybiganditstransmittingspeedisverylimited,thetransmissionofmultimediahasbecomethebottleneckofthefurtherapplicationofthesetechnologies.Theeconomicalandtechnologicalconditionalsoshowsthatthisproblemcannotbesolvedjustbyhardwaretechnolo

13、gy.Hence,itisnecessarytoapplydatacompressiontechnologytoreducetheamountofmultimediadataandimproveitstransmittingspeed,inordertomakedigitalcommunicationtechnologybeappliedmorewidelyandtobringsocietymoreefficiencyImagecompressiontechnologyoriginatesfromShannonsinformationtheoryin1940s.Underthistheoret

14、icalframe,severallosslessencodingschemeshavebeendeveloped,suchasRun-lengthencoding,Huffmanencoding,Arithmeticencoding,Dictionaryencoding,etc.Butthecompressionratiosoftheselosslessschemesarestillverylow,theycannotmeetmostrequirementsofimagestorageandtransmission.Hence,manypeoplehavewidelystudiedlossy

15、compressionschemes,theyhavetriedtoincreasecompressionratiothroughremovingtheredundantinformationanddetailsnotsensitivetovision.Inthisrespect,KLTransform,DiscreteCosineTransform(DCT)andothertransformshavebeendevelopedearlyorlate.Butthesetechniqueshavetheirowndrawbacks.Forexample,thesetechniquesfreque

16、ntlycauseartifacts,suchastheblockingeffectinJPEG.Ontheotherhand,since1990s,manynewtransmittingmediarepresentedbyInternethavesetnewdemandonthebrowsingandtransmissionofimages,suchasrequiringembeddedcodestreamandmultiresolutioncodestream.Thisrequiresimagecompressionalgorithmstoprovideflexiblyhierarchic

17、alcodingstructureforimagequalityandresolutionandsoon.ButsuchflexibilitycannotbeprovidedbyDCTencodingscheme.Inthelate1980s,thedevelopmentofwavelettheoryprovidedefficienttoolsformultiresolutionalsignalprocessing,andwavelettransformprovidedfoundbasisforvarioushierarchicalimageencoding.Theresearchofwave

18、letimagecompressionhasalsoshownthatmanycharacteristicssuchasmultiresolution,multi-qualitycontrolandembeddedcodestreamrequiredinmodernapplicationsallcoincidewiththehierarchicalstructureofwaveletimageencoding.Atgreatercompressionratio,thereconstructionqualityofwaveletimagecompressionismuchbetterthanth

19、atofDCT.Hence,inthenewstillimagecompressionstandardJPEG2000,waveletimageencodingisadoptedasakeyalgorithm4.Inthedomainofwaveletstillimageencoding,EmbeddedImageCodingUsingZerotreesofWaveletCoefficients（EZW）isoneofthemostefficienttechniques3,5.AlthoughEZWisabetterencodingtechnique,itsencodingspeedisver

20、ylimited,becausethewaveletcoefficientsarenumerousandthecoefficientstructureisverycomplex2.Hence,itisnecessarytouseparallelcomputersystemstospeedupthecomputationofencoding1.ThispaperjustintroducesahighefficientparallelEZWimplementedonaPRAM-CREWmodel.Thecomputationalcomplexityoftheproposedalgorithmiso

21、bviouslylowerthanthatofsequentialEZWandmanyotherexistedparallelEZWs.答案一、詞匯測試題（每小題1分，共20分）（一）1.網吧2.微型計算機3.只讀存儲器4.面向對象編程5.實用程序6.系統規格說明7.數據庫管理員8.調制解調器9.客戶/服務器模式10.電子數據表程序（二）1.centralprocessingunit2.WideAreaNetworks（WANs）putesecurity6.cyberculture7.Website8.domainname9.databasemanagementsystem10.softwar

22、eengineering二、完型填空題（每空1分，共20分）1 、equipmentfunctioncomponentscontrolinputoutputstoragemicroprocessorsprocessingcircuitry2、tablesrelationshierarchicalnetworkrelationalorganizesviewsetstoragedata三、英譯漢題（每題10分，共20分）1、由于計算機使用的增加，自20世紀50年代以來，計算機科學領域發展迅猛。作為對用戶需求和技術進步的響應，計算機程序在這一時期經歷了許多變化。計算領域的新思想，如并行計算、分布式計

23、算和人工智能，從根本上改變了一度決定程序形式與功能的傳統概念。在并行計算中，一個問題的組成部分由不同的處理器同時處理，這樣就加快了問題的解決速度。一種稱為分布式計算的并行計算，使用多個互連計算機的中央處理器來解決問題。人工智能研究已經帶了來其他幾種新的編程風格。2 .高級語言通常分為面向過程的語言、函數式的語言、面向對象的語言或邏輯語言。如今最常用的高級語言是面向過程的語言。在這些語言中，一個或多個相關的執行某種完整功能的語句塊被組織成一個程序模塊或過程，并被給予諸如“procedureA”這樣的名字。如果程序中別的地方需要同一個過程，就可以用一個簡單的語句來調用該過程。實質上，一個過程就是一

24、個小小的程序。可以將執行不同任務的過程組合起來構成一個大程序。四、漢譯英題（20分）ThemostnotableexampleofaninternetistheInternet,whichoriginatedfromresearchprojectsgoingbacktotheearly1960s.Thegoalwastodeveloptheabilitytolinkavarietyofcomputernetworkssothattheycouldfunctionasaconnectedsystemthatwouldnotbedisruptedbylocaldisasters.Mostofthi

25、soriginalworkwassponsoredbytheU.S.governmentthroughtheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency（DARPA）.Overtheyears,thedevelopmentoftheInternetshiftedfromadefenseprojecttoanacademicresearchproject,andtodayitislargelyacommercialundertakingthatlinksaworldwidecombinationofWANs,MANs,andLANsinvolvingmillionsofcomputers.五.寫作題（20