1、一、字母順序表1二、常用的數學英語表述7三、代數英語高端13一、字母順序表1、數學專業詞匯Aabsolutevalue絕對值accept接受acceptableregion接受域additivity可加性adjusted調整的alternativehypothesis對立假設analysis分析analysisofcovariance協方差分析analysisofvariance方差分析arithmeticmean算術平均值association相關性assumption假設assumptionchecking假設檢驗availability有效度average均值Bbalanced平衡的ba

2、nd帶寬barchart條形圖beta-distribution貝塔分布betweengroups組間的bias偏倚binomialdistribution二項分布binomialtest二項檢驗Ccalculate計算case個案category類別centerofgravity重心centraltendency中央趨勢chi-squaredistribution卡方分布chi-squaretest卡方檢驗classify分類clusteranalysis聚類分析coefficient系數coefficientofcorrelation相關系數collinearity共線性column列co

3、mpare比擬comparison對照components構成,分量compound復合的confidenceinterval置信區間consistency一致性constant常數continuousvariable連續變量controlcharts限制圖correlation相關covariance協方差covariancematrix協方差矩陣criticalpoint臨界點criticalvalue臨界值crosstab列聯表cubic三次的,立方的cubicterm三次項cumulativedistributionfunction累加分布函數curveestimation曲線估計Dd

4、ata數據default默認的definition定義deletedresidual剔除殘差densityfunction密度函數dependentvariable因變量description描述designofexperiment試驗設計deviations差異df.(degreeoffreedom)自由度diagnostic診斷dimension維discretevariable離散變量discriminantfunction判別函數discriminatoryanalysis判別分析distance距離distribution分布D-optimaldesignD-優化設計Eeaqual相

5、等effectsofinteraction交互效應efficiency有效性eigenvalue特征值equalsize等含量equation方程error誤差estimate估計estimationofparameters參數估計estimations估計量evaluate衡量exactvalue精確值expectation期望expectedvalue期望值exponential指數的exponentialdistributor1指數分布extremevalue極值Ffactor因素,因子factoranalysis因子分析factorscore因子得分factorialdesigns析因

6、設計factorialexperiment析因試驗fit擬合fittedline擬合線fittedvalue擬合值fixedmodel固定模型fixedvariable固定變量fractionalfactorialdesign局部析因設計frequency頻數F-testF檢驗fullfactorialdesign完全析因設計function函數Ggammadistribution伽瑪分布geometricmean幾何均值group組Hharmomicmean調和均值heterogeneity不齊性histogram直方圖homogeneity齊性homogeneityofvariance方差

7、齊性hypothesis假設hypothesistest假設檢驗Iindependence獨立independentvariable自變量independent-samples獨立樣本index指數indexofcorrelation相關指數interaction交互作用interclasscorrelation組內相關intervalestimate區間估計intraclasscorrelation組間相關inverse倒數的iterate迭代Kkernal核Kolmogorov-Smirnovtest柯爾莫哥洛夫-斯米諾夫檢驗kurtosis峰度Llargesampleproblem大樣本

8、問題layer層least-significantdifference最小顯著差數least-squareestimation最小二乘估計least-squaremethod最小二乘法level水T*levelofsignificance顯著性水平leveragevalue中央化杠桿值life壽命lifetest壽命試驗likelihoodfunction似然函數likelihoodratiotest似然比檢驗linear線性的linearestimator線性估計linearmodel線性模型linearregression線性回歸linearrelation線性關系linearterm線性

9、項logarithmic對數的logarithms對數logistic邏輯的lostfunction損失函數Mmaineffect主效應matrix矩陣maximum最大值maximumlikelihoodestimation極大似然估計meansquareddeviation(MSD)均方差meansumofsquare均方和measure衡量media中位數M-estimatorM估計minimum最小值missingvalues缺失值mixedmodel混合模型mode眾數model模型MonteCarlemethod蒙特卡羅法movingaverage移動平均值multicolline

10、arity多元共線性multiplecomparison多重比擬multiplecorrelation多重相關multiplecorrelationcoefficient復相關系數multiplecorrelationcoefficient多元相關系數multipleregressionanalysis多元回歸分析multipleregressionequation多元回歸方程multipleresponse多響應multivariateanalysis多元分析Nnegativerelationship負相關nonadditively不可加性nonlinear非線性nonlinearregre

11、ssion非線性回歸noparametrictests非參數檢驗normaldistribution正態分布nullhypothesis零假設numberofcases個案數0one-sample單樣本one-tailedtest單側檢驗one-wayANOVA單向方差分析one-wayclassification單向分類optimal優化的optimumallocation最優配制order排序orderstatistics次序統計量origin原點orthogonal正交的outliers異常值Ppairedobservations成對觀測數據paired-sample成對樣本parame

12、ter參數parameterestimation參數估計partialcorrelation偏相關partialcorrelationcoefficient偏相關系數partialregressioncoefficient偏回歸系數percent百分數percentiles百分位數piechart餅圖pointestimate點估計poissondistribution泊松分布polynomialcurve多項式曲線polynomialregression多項式回歸polynomials多項式positiverelationship正相關power事P-PplotP-P概率圖predict預測

13、predictedvalue預測值predictionintervals預測區間principalcomponentanalysis主成分分析proability概率probabilitydensityfunction概率密度函數probitanalysis概率分析proportion比例Qqadratic二次的Q-QplotQ-Q概率圖quadraticterm二次項qualitycontrol質量控制quantitative數量的,度量的quartiles四分位數Rrandom隨機的randomnumber隨機數randomnumber隨機數randomsampling隨機取樣random

14、seed隨機數種子randomvariable隨機變量randomization隨機化range極差rank秩rankcorrelation秩相關rankstatistic秩統計量regressionanalysis回歸分析regressioncoefficient回歸系數regressionline回歸線reject拒絕rejectionregion拒絕域relationship關系reliability可*性repeated重復的report報告,報表residual殘差residualsumofsquares剩余平方和response響應riskfunction風險函數robustnes

15、s穩健性rootmeansquare標準差row行run游程runtest游程檢驗Sample樣本samplesize樣本容量samplespace樣本空間sampling取樣samplinginspection抽樣檢驗scatterchart散點圖S-curveS形曲線separately單獨地sets集合signtest符號檢驗significance顯著性significancelevel顯著性水平significancetesting顯著性檢驗significant顯著的,有效的significantdigits有效數字skeweddistribution偏態分布skewness偏度s

16、mallsampleproblem小樣本問題smooth平滑sort排序sorucesofvariation方差來源space空間spread擴展square平方standarddeviation標準離差standarderrorofmean均值的標準誤差standardization標準化standardize標準化statistic統計量statisticalqualitycontrol統計質量限制std.residual標準殘差stepwiseregressionanalysis逐步回歸stimulus刺激strongassumption強假設stud,deletedresidual學生

17、化剔除殘差stud,residual學生化殘差subsamples次級樣本sufficientstatistic充分統計量sum和sumofsquares平方和summary概括,綜述Ttable表t-distributiont分布test檢驗testcriterion檢驗判據testforlinearity線性檢驗testofgoodnessoffit擬合優度檢驗testofhomogeneity齊性檢驗testofindependence獨立性檢驗testrules檢驗法那么teststatistics檢驗統計量testingfunction檢驗函數timeseries時間序列tolera

18、ncelimits容許限total總共,和transformation轉換treatment處理trimmedmean截尾均值truevalue真值t-testt檢驗two-tailedtest雙惻檢驗Uunbalanced不平衡的unbiasedestimation無偏估計unbiasedness無偏性uniformdistribution均勻分布valueofestimator估計值variable變量variance方差variancecomponents方差分量varianceratio方差比various不同的vector向量Wweight加權,權重weightedaverage加權

19、平均值withingroups組內的ZZscoreZ分數2.最優化方法詞匯英漢對照表Aactiveconstraint活動約束activesetmethod活動集法analyticgradient解析梯度approximate近似arbitrary強制性的argument變量attainmentfactor到達因子Bbandwidth帶寬beequivalentto等價于best-fit最正確擬合bound邊界Ccoefficient系數complex-value復數值component分量constant常數constrained有約束的constraint約束constraintfunct

20、ion約束函數continuous連續的converge收斂cubicpolynomialinterpolationmethod三次多項式插值法curve-fitting曲線擬合Ddata-fitting數據擬合default默認的,默認的define定義diagonal對角的directsearchmethod直接搜索法directionofsearch搜索方向discontinuous不連續Eeigenvalue特征值emptymatrix空矩陣equality等式exceeded溢出的Ffeasible可行的feasiblesolution可行解finite-difference有限差分

21、first-order一階GGauss-Newtonmethod高斯-牛頓法goalattainmentproblem目標到達問題gradient梯度gradientmethod梯度法Hhandle句柄Hessianmatrix海色矩陣Independentvariables獨立變量inequality不等式infeasibility不可行性infeasible不可行的initialfeasiblesolution初始可行解initialize初始化inverse逆invoke激活iteration迭代iteration迭代JJacobian雅可比矩陣LLagrangemultiplier拉格

22、朗日乘子large-scale大型的leastsquare最小二乘leastsquaressense最小二乘意義上的LevenbergTIarquardtmethod列文伯格-馬夸爾特法linesearch一維搜索linear線性的linearequalityconstraints線性等式約束linearprogrammingproblem線性規劃問題localsolution局部解Mmedium-scale中型的minimize最小化mixedquadraticandcubicpolynomialinterpolationandextrapolationmethod混合二次、三次多項式內插、

23、外插法multiobjective多目標的Nnonlinear非線性的norm范數0objectivefunction目標函數observeddata測量數據optimizationroutine優化過程optimize優化optimizer求解器over-determinedsystem超定系統Pparameter參數partialderivatives偏導數polynomialinterpolationmethod多項式插值法Qquadratic二次的quadraticinterpolationmethod二次內插法quadraticprogramming二次規劃Rreal-value實數

24、值residuals殘差robust穩健的robustness穩健性,魯棒性Sscalar標量semi-infinitelyproblem半無限問題SequentialQuadraticProgrammingmethod序列二次規劃法simplexsearchmethod單純形法solution解sparsematrix稀疏矩陣sparsitypattern稀疏模式sparsitystructure稀疏結構startingpoint初始點steplength步長subspacetrustregionmethod子空間置信域法sum-of-squares平方和symmetricmatrix對稱矩

25、陣Tterminationmessage終止信息terminationtolerance終I上容限theexitcondition退出條件themethodofsteepestdescent最速F降法transpose轉置Uunconstrained無約束的under-determinedsystem負定系統Vvariable變量vector矢量Wweightingmatrix加權矩陣3樣條詞匯英漢對照表Aapproximation逼近array數組asplineinb-form/b-sp1ineb樣條asplineofpolynomialpiece/ppformspline分段多項式樣條Bb

26、ivariatesplinefunction二元樣條函數break/breaks斷點Ccoefficient/coefficients系數cubicinterpolation三次插值/三次內插cubicpolynomial三次多項式cubicsmoothingspline三次平滑樣條cubicspline三次樣條cubicsplineinterpolation三次樣條插值/三次樣條內插curve曲線Ddegreeoffreedom自由度dimension維數Eendconditions約束條件inputargument輸入參數interpolation插值/內插interval取值區間Kkno

27、t/knots行點Lleast-squaresapproximation最小二乘擬合Mmultiplicity重次multivariatefunction多元函數0optionalargument可選參數order階次outputargument輸出參數Ppoint/points數據點Rrationalspline有理樣條roundingerror舍入誤差相對誤差Sscalar標量sequence數列數組spline樣條splineapproximation樣條逼近/樣條擬合splinefunction樣條函數splinecurve樣條曲線splineinterpolation樣條插值/樣條內

28、插splinesurface樣條曲而smoothingspline平滑樣條Ttolerance允許精度Uunivariatefunction一元函數Vvector向量Wweight/weights權重4偏微分方程數值解詞匯英漢對照表Aabsoluteerror絕對誤差absolutetolerance絕對容限adaptivemesh適應性網格Bboundarycondition邊界條件Ccontourplot等值線圖converge收斂coordinate坐標系Ddecomposed分解的decomposedgeometrymatrix分解幾何矩陣diagonalmatrix對角矩陣Diric

29、hletboundaryconditionsDirichlet邊界條件Eeigenvalue特征值elliptic橢圓形的errorestimate誤差估計exactsolution精確解GgeneralizedNeumannboundarycondition推廣的Neumann邊界條件geometry兒何形狀geometrydescriptionmatrix幾何描述矩陣geometrymatrix幾何矩陣graphicaluserinterfaceGUI圖形用戶界面hyperbolic雙曲線的initialmesh初始網格Jjiggle微調LLagrangemultipliers拉格朗日乘子

30、Laplaceequation拉普拉斯方程linearinterpolation線性插值loop循環Mmachineprecision機器精度mixedboundarycondition混合邊界條件NNeumanboundaryconditionNeuman邊界條件nodepoint行點nonlinearsolver非線性求解器normalvector法向量PParabolic拋物線型的partialdifferentialequation偏微分方程planestrain平而應變planestress平面應力Poisson'sequation泊松方程polygon多邊形positive

31、definite正定Qquality質量Rrefinedtriangularmesh加密的三角形網格relativetolerance相對容限relativetolerance相對容限residual殘差residualnorm殘差范數ssingular奇異的二、常用的數學英語表述1.Logicathereexistvforallp=qpimpliesq/ifp,thenqpoqpifandonlyifq/pisequivalenttoq/pandqareequivalent2.SetsxgAxbelongstoA/xisanelement(oramember)ofAx9Axdoesnotbe

32、longtoA/xisnotanelement(oramember)ofAAcBAiscontainedinB/AisasubsetofBAdBAcontainsB/BisasubsetofAACBAcapB/AmeetB/AintersectionBAuBAcupB/AjoinB/AunionBABAminusB/thediferencebetweenAandBAxBAcrossB/thecartesianproductofAandB3. Realnumbersx+1xplusonex-1xminusonex±lxplusorminusonexyxy/xmultipliedbyy(

33、x-y)(x+y)xminusy,xplusyxyxovery=theequalssignx=5x*5x=yx三yx>yx>yx<yx<yxequals5/xisequalto5x(is)notequalto5xisequivalentto(oridenticalwith)yxisnotequivalentto(oridenticalwith)yxisgreaterthanyxisgreaterthanorequaltoyxislessthanyxislessthanorequaltoy0<x<1zeroislessthanxislessthan10<

34、x<lzeroislessthanorequaltoxislessthanorequal|x|modx/modulusxx2xsquared/x(raised)tothepower2x3xcubedx4xtothefourth/xtothepowerfourxnxtothenth/xtothepowernx-nxtothe(power)minusnx(square)rootx/thesquarerootofxx3cuberoot(of)xx4fourthroot(of)xxnnthroot(of)x(x+y)2xplusyallsquared(xy)2xoveryallsquaredn!

35、nfactorialxAxhatx一xbarxxtildexixi/xsubscripti/xsuffixi/xsubiirunsfrom1Zi=lnaithesumfromiequalsonetonai/thesumtonoftheai4. Linearalgebra|x|thenorm(ormodulus)ofxOAOA/vectorOAOA一OA/thelengthofthesegmentOAATAtranspose/thetransposeofAA-1Ainverse/theinverseofA5.Functionsfx/fofx/thefunctionfofxafunctionffr

36、omStoTxyxmapstoy/xissent(ormapped)toyf(x)fprimex/fdashx/the(first)derivativeoffwithrespecttoxf'(x)fdouble-primex/fdouble-dashx/thesecondderivativeoffwithrespecttoxPH(x)triple-primex/ftriple-dashx/thethirdderivativeoffwithrespecttoxf(4)(x)ffourx/thefourthderivativeoffwithrespecttoxOf3x1thepartial

37、(derivative)offwithrespecttoxla2fdx12thesecondpartial(derivative)offwithrespecttoxlJ0ootheintegralfromzerotoinfinityimExOthelimitasxapproacheszeroim®x0+thelimitasxapproacheszerofromaboveim®x0-thelimitasxapproacheszerofrombelowogeylogytothebasee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog(of)yrBylogytotheb

38、asee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog(of)y一般詞匯數學mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem計算calculation運算operation證實prove假設hypothesis,hypotheses(pL)命題proposition算術arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.)zaddition(n.)被力口數augend,summand加數addend和sum減minus(prep.)zsubtract(v.)zsubtraction(n.)被減數minuend減數subtrahen

39、d差remainder乘times(prep.)zmultiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘數multiplicand,faciend乘數multiplicator積product除dividedby(prep.),divide".),division(n.)被除數dividend除數divisor商quotient等于equals,isequaltozisequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan運算符operator*數字d

40、igit數number自然數naturalnumber整數integer小數decimal小數點decimalpoint分數fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive負negative零null,zero,nought,nil十進制decimalsystem二進制binarysystem十六進制hexadecimalsystem權weight,significance進位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效數字significantdigit無效數字insignificantdi

41、git代數algebra公式formula,formulae(pL)單項式monomial多項式polynomial,multinomial系數coefficient未知數unknown,x-factor,y-factorzz-factor等式,方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation階乘factorial對數logarithm指數,指exponent乘方power二次方,平方square三次方,立方cube四次方thepoweroffo

42、ur,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower開方evolution,extraction二次方根,平方根squareroot三次方根,立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union補集complement映射mapping函數function定義域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant變量variable單調性mo

43、notonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity圖象image數列,級數series微積分calculus微分differential導數derivative極限limit無窮大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)無窮小infinitesimal積分integral定積分definiteintegral不定積分indefiniteintegral有理數rationalnumber無理數irrationalnumber實數realnumber虛數imaginarynumber復數complexnumber矩陣matrix行列式determinant幾何geometr

44、y點point線line而plane體solid線段segment射線radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian銳角acuteangle直角rightangle鈍角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base邊side高height三角形triangle銳角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角邊leg斜邊hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem鈍角三角形obtusetriangle不等邊三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isosce

45、lestriangle等邊三角形equilateraltriangle四邊形quadrilateral平行四邊形parallelogram矩形rectangle長length寬width附：在一個分數里,分子或分母或兩者均含有分數.也叫compoundfraction.具體讀法沒有統一.一般是先讀分子局部,再讀分母局部,中間加上dividedby例如：Oneminusfourfifthplusonethirddividedbytwotimestwothirdplusonesecond為表達清楚,往往在數字前而加上分子和分母,例如：Numeratoroneminusfourfifthpluson

46、ethirddividedbydenominatortwotimestwothirdplusonesecond分子1減5分之4加3分之1除以分母2乘以3分之2加2分之1三、代數英語高端(0,2)插值11(0,2)interpolation0#|zero-sharp;讀作零井或零開.0+|zero-dagger;讀作零正.1-因子I|l-factor3-流形|3-manifold;又稱"三維流形".AIC準貝IJ|AICcriterion,AkaikeinformationcriterionAp權|Ap-weightA穩定性|A-stability,absolutestabi

47、lityA最優設汁|A-optimaldesignBCH萬馬|BCHcode,Bose-Chaudhuri-HocquenghemcodeBIC準那么11BICcriterion,BayesianmodificationoftheAICBMOA函數|analyticfunctionofboundedmeanoscillation;全稱有界平均振動解析函數.BMO鞅|BMOmartingaleBSD猜測|BirchandSwinnerton-Dyerconjecture;全稱“伯奇與斯溫納頓戴爾猜測B樣條|B-splineC*代數|C*-algebra;讀作“C星代數.C0類函數Ifunctio

48、nofclassCO;又稱“連續函數類CAT準貝|CATcriterion,criterionforautoregressiveCM域|CMfieldCN群|CN-groupCW復形的同調|homologyofCWcomplexCW復形11CWcomplexCW復形的同倫群11homotopygroupofCWcomplexesCW剖分11CWdecompositionCn類函數|functionofclassCn;又稱"n次連續可微函數類Cp統計量|Cp-statisticCc類半群|semi-groupofclassCoCg類函數|functionofclassC-；又稱&quo

49、t;無窮次連續可微函數類.Cu類函數|functionofclassCa;又稱實解析類函數類.DF空間|(DR-space;一種可數的擬桶型空間.D最優設計11D-optimaldesignE最優設if|E-optimaldesignF分布|F-distribution,FisherdistributionF檢驗|F-testFPE準那么|FPEcriterion,finalpredictionerrorcriterionFo集|FosetG等價態射|G-equivalentmorphismG6集|G6setG結構|G-structureG最優設“1|G-optimaldesignH'

50、空間|H'-spaceHom函子11HomfunctorHp空間|Hp-space;又稱“哈代空間.Hp鞅|Hp-martingaleH空間|H-spaceI進拓撲|l-adictopologyK擬共形映射|K-quasi-conformalmappingKAM理論11Kolmogorov-Arnold-MosertheoryKC方程|KolmogorovChapmanequation;全稱“科爾莫戈羅夫一查普曼方程KdV方程|KdVequation,Korteweg-deVriesequationLp空間|Lp-spaceL估計|LestimatorLF空間|(LF)-space;弗

51、雷歇空間序列的嚴格歸納極限.LR方法|LRmethodLS臨界點|LScriticalpointLS臨界值|LScriticalvalueM估計|M-estimatorNP問題|NPproblemPI代數11algebrawithpolynomialidentities,Pl-algebraPRD格式|PeacemanRachford-Douglasscheme;全稱“皮斯哽一拉什福德一道格拉斯格式.P函數IIP-functionP基11P-baslsQ過程I|Q-processQ矩陣|Q-matrixQR方法11QRmethodQR分解11QRdecompositionR估計|R-estim