1、Key words expressionsLesson 64 The Channel Tunnel tunnel 1. n. 地下通道，隧道，地道a passage under a river or the sea, or through the hills. The Channel Tunnel 海峽隧道eg. The train passes through several tunnels. 火車穿過了幾個隧道light at the end of the tunnel 苦盡甘來port n. 港，港口，港口城市enter a port make a port 入港leave a port

2、 clear a port 出港【諺】the port in a storm 慌不擇路，窮途之策ventilate v.使空氣流通，使空氣進(jìn)入well-ventilated 通風(fēng)良好的poorly-ventilated 不通風(fēng)的eg. Our classroom is well-ventilated. ventilation n. u 空氣流通，暢談put a problem to ventilation 提出問題以供公開討論ventilator n. 通風(fēng)設(shè)備，通風(fēng)口chimney 煙囪clean a chimneysweep a chimney 清掃煙囪eg. The smoke pour

3、ed out of the chimney.煙從煙囪里冒出來a blocked chimney 堵塞的煙囪eg. It is said that Santa Claus ( Father Christmas) comes down chimneys at Christmas to bring presents. 據(jù)說圣誕老人在圣誕節(jié)的時候會從煙囪里出來送禮物sea level n.海平面 level 1. n. 水平，水面1000 metres above sea-level 海拔1000米 2. n. (文化、學(xué)問等) 水準(zhǔn)，程度，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)high-level 高級的low-level 低級的a

4、 higher level of civilization文明的更高程度3. adj. （土地等）平的，水平的a level surface 平坦的表面The road is level. 這條路很平坦4. adj. 相同高度的，相同程度的a level race 勢均力敵的競賽in level tones 用平板的音調(diào)5. adj. （心情等）穩(wěn)定的，平靜的in a level voice 用平穩(wěn)的聲音do ones level best 盡最大努力double 1. adj. 雙的，雙倍的（通常作定語）a double room 雙人房a double bed 雙人床 double chi

5、n 雙下巴double negative 雙重否定double Dutch 莫名其妙的話，晦澀的話2. adv. 雙倍地，兩倍地pay double 付雙倍錢3. v. 使.增加，使.增倍eg. He doubled his income this year.今年他讓自己的薪水翻倍了fear 1. n. u 恐懼，害怕eg. The soldier didnt show his fear.這個士兵一點都不害怕。The child had no fear of water.這個孩子不怕水2. n. c 畏懼，不安a fear of heights 恐高癥She has a great fear

6、of fire.3. v. 恐懼，害怕 (be afraid of )fear death 怕死fear illness 害怕生病Never fear ! (Dont worry !)fear to do sth fear doing sth 害怕做某事eg. The little boy fears staying alone in the dark .She fears to speak in his presence.有他在場她不敢講話fearful adj.可怕的，害怕的a fearful storm 一場可怕的暴風(fēng)The baby is fearful of loud noise.

7、fearless adj.不怕的，無畏的invade v. 侵略，侵犯invade a small country 侵犯一個小國invade sbs rights 侵犯某人的權(quán)利tourists invade the city 游客涌入這座城市invader n. 入侵者，侵略者invasion n. 侵略eg. The invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939. 1939年德國隊波蘭的侵略officially adv. office n. 辦公室，辦公樓officer n. 軍官，政府官員official 1. adj. 官方的，正式的，公務(wù)的，職權(quán)的an

8、official decision 官方?jīng)Q定an official announcement 官方公告2. n. 官員government officials 政府官員officially adv. 正式地，公務(wù)或公職上Ive been officially invited to the wedding. 我被正式邀請去參加婚禮announce officially 官方地宣布connect 1. v. 連接，結(jié)合connect A with Bconnect A to B A highway connects the two cities.有一條公路連接這兩座城市2. v. 將（電話）接通（

9、給某人）Please connect me with New York.請把電話接到紐約connection n. 連接，聯(lián)合，聯(lián)系eg. Poor health is in connection with unhealthy daily habits. 差的身體素質(zhì)與不健康的日常習(xí)慣有密切關(guān)系continent n. 洲，大陸 the Continent 指歐洲大陸the New Continent 新大陸(南北美洲大陸)Asia 亞洲Africa 非洲North America 北美洲South America 南美洲Europe 歐洲Oceania 大洋洲Antarctic 南極洲Key

10、 structures 條件句1. 真實條件句：對將來可能發(fā)生的事情的假設(shè)，主句用將來時，從句用現(xiàn)在時If he is out, Ill call tomorrow. Youll miss the train if you dont hurry.2. 非真實條件句：A：對現(xiàn)在事實假設(shè)或?qū)Σ豢赡苁虑榧僭O(shè) 主句：would do 從句：一般過去時（were）If you went to the party, you would enjoy it. If I were in your position, I would act differently . B：對過去事實做相反假設(shè) 主句：would

11、have done 從句：had done You would have missesd the train if you had not hurried. If you had gone to the party, you would have enjoyed it. l錯綜時間下的用法：過去條件錯綜時間下的用法：過去條件+現(xiàn)實現(xiàn)實情況情況 If he had taken the doctors advice, he should not be ill now.要是當(dāng)初要是當(dāng)初聽了醫(yī)生的話，他現(xiàn)在就不會生病聽了醫(yī)生的話，他現(xiàn)在就不會生病了。了。 If the doctor hadnt com

12、e in time, the patient would be dead by now. 大夫及時到了，病人得救了大夫及時到了，病人得救了。 l“ifif”的省略的省略條件句中的條件句中的if在下列情況中可省略：在下列情況中可省略：If +主+had / were / shouldHad / were / should +主If I were in your place , I wouldnt date him. Were I in your place , I wouldnt date him.If I had known the plan ,I would have given it mo

13、re careful thought. Had I known the plan ,I would have given it more careful thought.lWish句I wish that I were as tall as Yao Ming.I wish I had told you the truth the other day.l as if / as though “好像”句He acted as if he had never lived in England before.Exercises:1. If you had told me about it earlie

14、r, I _( be able) to help you.2. If you _(can/come) with us, we would have been pleased. 3. You _(not make) such a mistake if you had been more careful. 4. If father _ (be) alive, he would be horrified. 5. If it _(be) fine tomorrow, we will go for a swim. would have been able could have come would no

15、t have made wereis1. In 1858, a French enginner, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the EnglishChannel. a French enginner是主語，Aime Thome de Gamond是同位語成分，補(bǔ)充說明這個法國工程師叫什么名字。a French enginner arrived in England是句子主干，with后面整個的介詞短語作伴隨狀語，修飾謂語動詞arrived。介詞短

16、語for a twenty-one-mile tunnel作定語修飾plan。twenty-one-mile 復(fù)合形容詞，只能作前置定語，mile以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)a two-year-old boy her six-year-old daughter a plan for sth .的計劃eg. Do you have any plans for this evening ?你今晚有安排嗎？We made plans for holidays. 我們制定假期的計劃2. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the cen

17、ter of the Channel. it is possible to do sth 做某事是有可能的it 做形式主語，to do 不定式做真正的主語platform 1. 平臺，講臺stand on the platform. 2. 月臺an arrival platform 到站月臺a departure platform 出站月臺3. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. serve as 充當(dāng)eg. When you sleep in the open, old newspapers can serve

18、 as a blanket.serve sb with 拿出.款待（某人）eg. The waiter served us with wine. 4. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.主句是would do, 從句是were built一般過去時，按理說這句話是一種可能性的假設(shè)，應(yīng)該是“主將從現(xiàn)”，但是整篇文章都是以過去時為基調(diào)，因此這句話相應(yīng)的變成過去時態(tài)。 5. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englis

19、hman, William Low. put forward 提出供考慮或討論 ，將某事提前eg. We have put forward the date of our wedding by one week. 我們把婚禮提前了一周forward 向前backward 向后eg. Forward ! 向前，前進(jìn)！backward and forward. 來回地，前后地go / move forward 向前走from this time forward 從此以后6. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. sug

20、gest 表建議，后面接賓語從句，從句中用should do a double railway-tunnel 雙軌隧道7. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. draw in 抽進(jìn)，吸進(jìn)，（白天時間）漸短eg. The days are drawing in. 白晝漸短The days are drawing out. 白晝漸長draw back 退回eg. The dog drew back

21、in terror when it saw the snake.當(dāng)狗看見蛇時，它害怕地退回去了。 draw up 1. (車輛) 停下來A taxi drew up outside the bank. 2. 草擬，簽署A new trading agreement was drawn up between Holland and Denmark荷蘭和丹麥簽署了一項新的貿(mào)易協(xié)定draw off 離開，走了Two men got out and the taxi drew off. 兩個男人下車后，車開走了主句是would draw, 從句是entered一般過去時，按理說這句話是一種可能性的假設(shè)

22、，應(yīng)該是“主將從現(xiàn)”，但是整篇文章都是以過去時為基調(diào)，因此這句話相應(yīng)的變成過去時態(tài)If a train enters the tunnel, it will draw in fresh air behind it. 8. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. 對過去事實相反的假設(shè)，過去英國人是fear invasion的, 所以主句用的would have done, 而且是被動語態(tài)，從句用had done 。the British 英國人 9. It was of

23、ficially opened on March 7, 1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent. connecting現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，表伴隨狀態(tài)，在開通的同時將英國與歐洲大陸連通Special Difficulties1. draw up 2. drew back 3. drew up 1. c 2. c 3. c 前一句It would be possible to build a platform 意思為“建造一座平臺是可能的”。該句的主語是A platform, 需要選一個合適的動詞做謂語，使它同前一句

24、含義相同。 a. could build 和d. would build 都是主動語態(tài)，但是本句的主語是物不是人，故都不應(yīng)該用主動語態(tài)。 b. would be built 和 c. could be built 都是被動語態(tài)，合乎語法，但是could be built (可能或能夠被建成)比would be built (會被建成)意思更貼切，更接近前一句的含義，所以選c. 4. c 該句的謂語動詞suggested 后面只能跟動名詞短語或that 從句，從句中用should加動詞原形才合乎語法。 所以只有c. building 是動名詞，最符合語法，所以選c. a. b. d. 都不符合語法。5. b 6. b 因為主句的動詞是would 加動詞原形，所以if 引導(dǎo)的條件句應(yīng)該是一般過去時，才能成為與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣。 a. would enter, c. will enter, d. enters 都不是一般過去時，只有b. entered 是一般過去時，因此只能選b. 7. c a. interesting in ; b. interested for 和 d. interesting for 這3個選擇都不合乎習(xí)慣用法，不是正確的表達(dá)方式，只有c. interested in (對感興趣)是固定短語，最合乎題目意思，所以應(yīng)該選c. Special Difficu