1、Unit1 Friendship【重點詞匯、短語】1. add up 合計2. upset vt&vi弄翻，使不安，使心煩，擾亂 adj. 心煩意亂的,不舒服的,不適的,難過的 .3. ignore 不理睬、忽視4. calm （使 ）平靜、（使 ）鎮定calm down 平靜 /鎮定下來5. have got to 不得不、必須6. concern （使 ）擔憂、涉及、關系到be concerned about 關心，掛念7. go through 經歷、經受8. set down 記下、放下、登記9. a series of 一系列10. on purpose 故意11. in order

2、 to 為了 12. at dusk 在黃昏時刻13. face to face 面對面地14. no longer/notany longer15. settle 安家、定居、停留16. suffer 遭受、忍受、經歷17. suffer from 遭受、患病18. recover 痊愈、恢復、重新獲得19. get/be tired of 對厭煩20. pack 捆扎，包裝/包裹21. pack (sth) up 將(東西)裝箱打包22. get along with 與相處23. fall in love 愛上24. disagree 不同意25. join in 參加【重點句型】1.

3、It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. （從句時態用完成時）這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。2. I wonder if it s because I haven t been able to be outdoors for so long that I so crazy about everything to do with nature. （強調句）我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。3. I stayed awake

4、 on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.有一天晚上，我熬到11 點半故意不睡覺，為的是獨自好好看看月亮一次。4. Your friend, who doesn t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in-otfh-eteermnd exam.（非限制性定語從句）你的一個朋友叫你在期末考試中幫他作弊，這個朋友平常不認真學習。5. If you have some trouble （i

5、n） getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice.如果你在和朋友的相處上有問題，你可以寫信給編輯向他征求建議。6. Add up your score and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起來，看看得了多少。7. What he did has added to our difficulties.他的所作所為增加了我們的困難。8. His income adds up to $1000 a month.他每月的收入共計1000 美元

6、。9. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.觀看這些已不再是樂趣，因為大自然是你必須體驗的。10. Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work?她為什么那么關注他對她的工作的看法？11. The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report.警察讓他在報告中寫下他所看見的事情。12

7、. As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in.正當我打算出去找他時，他恰巧進來。13. Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely.瓊斯先生單獨一人生活，常常感到孤獨。14. We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.我們試圖讓他平靜下來，但他仍不停地哭著。15. Does he dare （to） go out at night in such stormy weather?他敢在這樣一個暴風雨夜外出嗎？

8、16. He would go through fire and water for his country.他愿為國家赴湯蹈火。17. That country suffered a heavy loss in the flood.那個國家在水災中遭受嚴重的損失。【語法總結】直接引語和間接引語（一）直接引語：直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號。間接引語：用自己的話轉述別人的話。間接引語在多數情況下可構成賓語從句且不要加引號。例： Mr. Black said, “ I m busy. ”Mr. Black said that he was busy.變化規則1. 陳述句的變化規則直接引語如

9、果是陳述句，變為間接引語時，用連詞 that （可省略）引導，從句中的 人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語都要發生相應的變化。（ 1）人稱的變化 人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思例：1. He said, “ I like it very much. He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me, “ Iv left my book in your room.”f He told me that he had left h is book in my room.例：I don t want to set down a series

10、 of facts in a diasyid Anne.” Anne said that she didn t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said, I m using a knife. ”The boy said that he was using a knife.注意：如果直接引語是客觀真理，變為間接引語時，時態不變，如：He said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than s

11、ound.(3)指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化2.疑問句的變化規如果直接引語是疑問句，變為間接引語時要把疑問句語序變為陳述句語序, 句末用句號。(1) 一般疑問句： 如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變為間接引語時，謂語動詞是say或said時，要改為 ask或asked,原問句變為由if/whether引導的賓語從句。“the writer says.例:“Do you think a diary can become your friend?The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.(2)特殊疑問句： 如果間

12、接引語是特殊疑問句，變為間接引語時，仍用原來 的引導詞，但疑問句要變為陳述句。例：“What do you want? ” he asked me.f He asked me what I wantedUnit2 English around the world【重點詞匯、短語】1. because of 因為、由于2. come up 走近、上來、提出3. actually 實際上、事實上4. base 以為基礎，根基5. at present 目前6. make use of 利用7. such as 例如8. command 命令、指令、掌握9. request 請求、要求10. pla

13、y a part/role in 扮演一個角色11. recognize 辨認出、承認、公認12. straight 直接、挺直、筆直的13. be different from 與 不同be the same as 和 一 樣14. one another 相互，彼此（=each other ）15. at the end of 在結束時16. because of 因為（后接名詞或名詞性短語）because 因為（后接句子）17. be based on 根據，依據18. at present目前；當今19. especially特別，尤其specially 專門地20. make use

14、 of 禾用 make the best of充分禾U用 21. a large number of 大量的，很多（作主語時，謂語動詞用復數）the number of的數量（作主語時，謂語動詞用單數）22. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事實上23. make lists of 列清單24. included 包括（前面接包括的對象）including 包括（后面接包括的對象）25. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事command + that 從句（從句用should+V 原）26. request sb. t

15、o do sth. 要求某人做某事request + that 從句（從句用should+V 原 ）【重點句型】1. World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language.（定語從句）世界英語來自那些以英語為第一或第二語言的國家，英語在這些國家起重要

16、作用，或是因為外國的統治，或是因為其作為國際語言的特殊地位。2. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.當不同的語言互相溝通時，所有的語言都會發生變化。3. Actually, the English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was based more on German than present day English.實際上，從公元450 年到 1150 年，人們所說的英語更多的是以德語為基礎的，而現代英語不是。4. Would you please

17、 come up to my flat for a visit?請到我的公寓里來坐坐，好嗎？5. Believe it or not, he cheated in the exams.信不信由你，他在考試中作弊。6. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don speak the same kind of English.以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以互相交流。7. Today the number of people learning English in China is la

18、rger than even before.目前在中國學習英語的人數比以往任何時候都多。8. It is the duty of a government to provide education for the children of its country. （ it 作形式主語） 政府的責任是為其國家的小孩提供教育。9. Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary and usage.閱讀是幫助你改善詞匯及其用法的最好方法之一。10. Giving commands is less polite than ma

19、king a request.發號命令比發出請求粗魯。11. We asked her for directions and she told us to go round the corner onthe left and keep going straight for two blocks.我們向她問路，她告訴我們往左邊拐彎后直走兩個街區。12. He knows several languages, such as English, French and German.他懂幾種語言，例如英語、法語和德語。【語法總結】直接引語和間接引語（二）3. 祈使句的變化規則如果直接引語是祈使句，變為

20、間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式，并根據句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order 等動詞，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面還要加上not。例： The hostess said to us, “ Please sit down. ”The hostess asked us to s it down.He said, “ Don t make so much noise, boys. ”He told the boys not to make so much noise.Unit3 Travel journal【重點詞匯、短語】1. travel 泛指旅行journe

21、y 指長時間長距離的陸上旅行voyage 指長距離的水上旅行，也可以指乘飛機旅行trip 常指短時間短距離的旅行tour 指周游，巡回旅游2. prefer A to B 比起 B ，更喜歡Aprefer doing to doing 比起做 ， 寧愿做 prefer to do rather than do 與其做 ，不如一 3. flow through 流過，流經4. ever since 自從5. persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜歡7. insist on doing 堅持做某事insist + that 從句（用should

22、+ V 原）8. care about 關心9. change one s mind 改變想法10. altitude 高度attitude 態度，看法11. make up one s mind to do 下定決心做某事= decide to do = make a decision to do12. give in 讓步，屈服give up 放棄13. be surprised to 對一感至U驚奇 to one s surprise 令某人驚訝的是14. at last = finally = in the end 最終15. stop to do 停下來去做某事stop doing

23、停止做某事16. as usual 像往常一樣17. sothat如此以至于so + adj + a/an + n. + thatsuch + a/an +adj. + n. + that18. be familiar with 對 熟悉（人作主語） be familiar to 為所熟悉（物作主語）【重點句型】1. My sister and I have dreamed about cycling along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 我姐姐和我一直夢想要沿湄公河從源頭到終點騎車旅行。2. The man

24、 insisted that he didn t steal anything and he (should) be set free at once. ( 陳述語氣、虛擬語氣)這男人堅持自己沒有偷東西，他堅持說他應該立刻被釋放。3. She gave me a determined look ?C the kind that said shewouldn tchange her mind.她給了我一個堅定的眼神 這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。4. He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything.他是如此的固執以致沒

25、有人能說服他做任何事。5. My sister doesn t care about details.我的姐姐是不會考慮細節的。6. She is a determined woman. Once she determines to do something, shewill do it well.她是個意志堅強的人。如果她下決心做什么事，就一定要做好。7. He recorded the important events ad his afterthoughts in his travel journal.在旅行日記中，他記下了重大的事件及自己的想法。8. I am not familiar

26、 with this city, because this is my first visit.我對這個城市不熟悉，因為這是我的第一次來訪。9. I don t think it is necessary for us to give in.我認為我們沒有必要讓步。10. The topics of a travel journal can be different from a diary, often including people, things, and events less familiar to readers.游記的主題可以和日記不同，經常包括那些讀者不太熟悉的人和事。11.

27、 It was great fun to put up tents here.在這兒搭帳篷真好玩。【語法總結】現在進行時表將來 表示在近期按計劃或安排要發生的動作。 瞬時動詞的進行時在任何情況下都表示將來含義。這些動詞包括go ,come , leave ， arrive , return 等。I am leaving.我將要離開了。I am leaving tomorrow.我將會明天離開。 持續動詞的進行時，只有在有將來時間狀語或將來語境的情況下才可以表示將來含義。An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.今天下午一位

28、美國教授將要作報告。（將來含義）An American professor is giving a lecture.一個美國教授正在作報告。（進行含義）Unit4 Earthquakes【重點詞匯、短語】1. right away 立刻，馬上（= at once = in no time ）2. asleep 睡著的；熟睡地（fall asleep 入睡）sleep 睡；睡眠sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/as if 看來好像 ；似乎4. in ruins 成為廢墟5. the number of的數量（做主語時，謂語動詞用單數）a number of 大量（做主語時，謂

29、語動詞用復數）6. rescue workers 營救人員come to ones rescue 營救某人7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多長時間how often 多久一次，指頻率how soon 還要多久(用于將來時當中，用in+ 時間段回答)9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上萬的10. dig out 挖出11. shake 泛指 “動搖，震動”, 常指左右、上下動搖，也可以指人“震驚，顫抖”例： She felt the earth shaking under him.She was shaken with anger.quake 指

30、較強烈的震動，如地震The building quaked on its foundation.tremble 指人由于寒冷、恐懼、不安等引起的身體的抖動或聲音的顫抖例： Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.shiver 多指寒冷引起的顫抖、哆嗦例： A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise (rose risen)vi, 上升；升起，無被動語態give rise to 引起raise ( raised rai

31、sed ) vt, 舉起；籌集；養育arise ( arose arisen)vt, 出現(常指問題或現象)13. injure 常指因意外事故造成的損傷，也可以指感情上名譽上的傷害例： He was injured in a car accident.harm 泛指 “傷害，損害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指無生命的例： He was afraid that his fury( 暴怒 ) would harm the child.His business was harmed for some reason.hurt 既可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害例： She hurt her

32、leg when she fell.He felt hurt at your word.wound 一般指槍傷、刀傷等在戰場上受的傷例： The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepared for = make preparations for 為 做準備15. in one s honor向表示敬意；為紀念be/feel honored to do 做一感到很榮幸16. make /give/deliver a speech 發言opening speech 開幕詞17. give/ provide shelter to向提供庇護所seek s

33、helter from 躲避18. happen to do sth. 偶然；碰巧happen 指偶然發生take place 指事先計劃好的事情發生【重點句型】1. The number of people who were killed or injured in the earthquake reached more than 400,000. （定語從句）死傷的人數達到40 多萬。2. The army organized the rescue workers to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. （定語從句）部

34、隊組織救援人員將受困的人們挖出來，將死者掩埋。3. All hope was not lost. = Not all hope was lost.（部分否定）不是所有的希望都破滅了。4. None of us were allowed to go there. （全部否定）我們全都不許去那里。5. He rescued the man from drowning.他救了一男子使之免遭溺斃。6. An earthquake left the whole city in ruins.地震過后，全城到處是殘垣斷壁。7. I feel highly honoured by your trust.得到你

35、的信任，我感到非常榮幸。8. Professor Yu organized his thoughts before giving the speech.于教授在演講之前組織了一下思路。9. Many people took shelter from the rain in the department store.許多人在百貨公司里避雨。10. It seemed that the world was at an end as the earthquake destroyed nearly everything.世界似乎到了末日，因為地震幾乎毀了一切。11. People began to w

36、onder how long the disaster would last.人們開始納悶，這場災難還會持續多久？12. They used candles all the time instead of electricity.他們一直用蠟燭，沒有用電。13. The one million people of the city, who thought little of these strangeevents, went to bed as usual that night. （非限制性定語從句）這城市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些奇怪的情況當一回事，當天晚上照常上床睡覺了。14. We

37、d better prepare him for the bad news.我們最好讓他做好知道這個壞消息的心理準備。15. The rubbish gave out a smelly gas.垃圾發出一陣臭味。16. I am getting in touch with him right away.我馬上跟他聯系。17. Are you willing to do public service work without pay?你愿意無償從事公益活動嗎？18. Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble?你處于不幸中時容易喪失信心嗎？【

38、語法總結】定語從句概念：在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。成分：先行詞，即被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞；關系代詞：that ， which ，who（ 賓格為 whom, 所有格為whose） ；或者關系副詞where ， when ， why 等。關系代詞或關系副詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間，起著連接主從句的作用。1. 關系代詞that 的用法關系代詞that 在定語從句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主語，也能做賓語。例： 1 ） A plane is a machine that can fly. （ 指物，作主語）2) The noodles (that) I cooked wer

39、e delicious. ( 指物，作賓語，可省略)3) Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主語)4) The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim s sisters, 作賓語，可省略)2. 關系代詞which 的用法關系代詞which 在定語從句中只能指物，既可以做賓語也能作主語。例： 1 ) They planted some trees which didn t need much water. ( 作主語 )2) The fish (which) we bought thi

40、s morning were not fresh. (作賓語，可省略)3. 關系代詞who ， whom 的用法關系代詞who,whom 只能指人，在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語例： 1 ) The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主語 )2) The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語，可省略)4. 關系代詞whose 的用法關系代詞whose 為關系代詞who 的所有格形式，其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，whose 和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中既可以做主語也可以做賓

41、語。例： 1 ） This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. （指人，作主語）2） The room whose window faces south is mine. （ 指物，作主語）3） He has written a book whose name I veofrgotten. （ 指物，作賓語）5. 關系副詞when 的用法關系副詞when 在定語從句中作時間狀語 例： 1) I ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the

42、 farm.2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?6. 關系副詞where 在定語從句中的用法關系副詞where 在定語從句中做地點狀語例： 1 ) This is the place where( =at/in which) we first met.2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn t very clean.7. 關系副詞why 在定語從句中的用法關系副詞why 在定語從句中作原因狀語例 : 1). I did

43、n t get a pay rise, but this wasn t the reason why(= for which) I left.2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.Unit5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero【重點詞匯、短語】1. selfish 自私的selfless 無私的2. devote oneself to致力于； 獻身于3. fight against 對抗，反對fight for 為而戰4. principle 原則 principa

44、l 校長；主要的5. offer guidance to 給 提供指導6. out of work 失業7. join 加入(組織，俱樂部，成為其中一員)join in 參加(活動)take part in 參加（活動）8. as + adj +as one can 盡可能 = as + adj. +as possible9. as a matter of fact 事實上（=in fact ）10. blow up 爆炸，炸掉11. set up 建立； set about 著手，開始做（set about doing sth. ）； set off出發，動身; set out 開始，出發（

45、set out to do sth. ）12. be sentenced to 被判13. be equal to 與相等；勝任14. be proud of為感到自豪15. give out 分發give off 散發出（氣味）16. die for 為而死die of 死于（自身原因，如疾病）die from 死于（外在原因，如車禍）17. realize one s dream of 實現.的夢想18. only 位于句首時，要主謂部分倒裝例： Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.Only in this way, can we protect the environment better.【重點句型】1. The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life.第一次見到他的時候是在我一生中非常艱難的時期。（定語從句）2. It is a doctor s job to advise patients on health problems.醫生的職責就是向病人提供有關健康的建議。3. As a matter of fact, I was worri