1、語法填空語法填空啦啦來來1 1、閱讀理解、閱讀理解語篇語篇的能力的能力; ;2 2、分析、分析句子結構句子結構的能力的能力; ;3 3、熟練運用、熟練運用語法語法, ,短語短語的能力。的能力。 Test yourself If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別識別)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll

2、 feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the con

3、fidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. greater greater achievement achievementononisisasas Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 whil

4、e, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 50 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing t

5、o worry about. studiesstudiesregularlyregularly a ato bringto bringmakemake短文改錯短文改錯 題題專專 一、短文改錯測試的要求和特點 短文改錯考查考生在語篇中綜合運用英語的準確性，所選短文體裁一般為我國中學生習作形式，錯誤類型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等，通常為我國中學生在英語運用中常見的錯誤。具體的錯誤類型有：連詞錯誤、形容詞錯誤、副詞錯誤、冠詞錯誤、名詞單復數錯誤、代詞錯誤、非謂語動詞錯誤、關系代詞錯誤、關系副詞錯誤、介詞錯誤、詞性錯誤、時態錯誤、語態錯誤、行文邏輯錯誤、謂語形式錯誤、短語搭配錯誤、用詞混淆錯誤、中式英

6、語、句子結構錯誤等。 解題要領短文改錯二、短文改錯解題基本要領 1. 短文改錯是以語篇形式呈現的，所以必須首先從整體上把握全文，了解短文的基本內容，對短文中的人物關系、行文邏輯、基本時態等有一個全面的了解。在整體上把握了全篇將有助于迅速、準確地發現和改正短文中的錯誤。 2. 以句為單位進行分析，尋找其中可能出現的錯誤。英語中的句式總的說來分為三大類：簡單句，并列句和復合句。對于并列句和主從復合句，不可分割地去分析，應將并列句中的前后兩個分句、主從復合句中的主句和從句作為一個整體進行分析。解題要領短文改錯3. 培養和強化運用英語詞匯的各種變化形式的語言習慣和意識。短文改錯中所設的許多錯誤其實是一

7、些很基礎的語言知識，如名詞單復數錯誤、詞性錯誤、代詞錯誤、一般的時態錯誤等，但考生做題時往往難于發現這些錯誤，看答案才恍然大悟。這就是缺乏運用英語詞匯的各種變化形式的語言習慣和意識所致。這需要排除母語習慣的干擾，努力使自己適應英語語言的表達特點，并通過不斷的語言實踐，使自己的英語語言習慣和意識得到不斷的強化，從而獲得較強的發現錯誤能力。 解題要領 短文改錯這將有助于發現一些銜接上下句的連接詞錯誤、行文邏輯錯誤以及一些搭配錯誤等。 此外，也應注意句子內部的結構關系，對句子內部各部分的作用及聯系應有較清楚的了解。可將句子中的“主謂（賓）”看作句子的核心部分，其余修飾部分（如定語、狀語）和附加部分則

8、是句子的延伸和補充，然后弄清楚這些修飾部分和附加部分在句中的作用。對句子結構進行分析有助于發現那些在句子結構、詞性、謂語形式、非謂語動詞等方面所出現的錯誤。 解題要領 短文改錯Contents 高考短文改錯應試策略及答題原則高考短文改錯命題特征及命題趨勢短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納2012年高考短文改錯真題實戰演練本題滿分本題滿分1010分，給出一篇約分，給出一篇約100100個單詞的短文，文中有個單詞的短文，文中有1010處錯誤，要求考生對每個句子進行判斷，如有錯誤即處錯誤，要求考生對每個句子進行判斷，如有錯誤即將其改正。錯誤類型包括將其改正。錯誤類型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯詞法、句法、行文

9、邏輯等方面等方面的錯誤。的錯誤。注意答題說明及答題規范Introduction 文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。u 增加增加 （1-21-2個）個） 在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫上該加的詞。），并在其下面寫上該加的詞。 u 刪除刪除 （1-21-2個）個） 把多余的詞用斜線（把多余的詞用斜線（ ）劃掉。不計分。）劃掉。不計分。u 修改修改 （6-86-8個）個） 在錯的詞下面劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。在錯的詞下面劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。u 注意：注意：1 1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限

10、一詞。、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞。 2 2、只允許修改、只允許修改1010處，多者（叢第處，多者（叢第1111處起）不計分。處起）不計分。注意答題說明及答題規范 縱觀近年高考英語短文改錯題，學生和老師都認為縱觀近年高考英語短文改錯題，學生和老師都認為難度不大，然而，每年高考中還是有不少考生對此難度不大，然而，每年高考中還是有不少考生對此題深感頭痛，主要原因是：題深感頭痛，主要原因是：u 考生的英語基礎知識不扎實考生的英語基礎知識不扎實. .u 考生缺乏對短文改錯命題考生缺乏對短文改錯命題 特點的了解和做題規律方特點的了解和做題規律方法的總結法的總結. .Problems重視重視掌握基本的詞匯

11、和語法知掌握基本的詞匯和語法知識識; ; 規范使用常用的規范使用常用的詞語和習語詞語和習語. .廣泛閱讀，廣泛閱讀，增強語感增強語感，提高語言知識運用的準確性，提高語言知識運用的準確性 . .做題時以句子為單位，做題時以句子為單位，從語篇角度把握內容從語篇角度把握內容, ,查找行查找行文邏輯錯誤。文邏輯錯誤。錯誤的設置一般都是中學生寫作時常出現的錯誤錯誤的設置一般都是中學生寫作時常出現的錯誤 。改錯訓練和書面表達訓練結合改錯訓練和書面表達訓練結合。Tipsu 短文中所設的錯誤大部分都是所謂的短文中所設的錯誤大部分都是所謂的“語法語法”錯誤錯誤, , 但是這種試題并不是單純檢測語法知識但是這種試

12、題并不是單純檢測語法知識的的, ,而是檢測考生的寫作能力中的校驗能力。而是檢測考生的寫作能力中的校驗能力。試題的立意特征高考短文改錯命題特征及命題趨勢u 高考短文改錯涉及詞匯、語法、句型結構等方高考短文改錯涉及詞匯、語法、句型結構等方面的知識和邏輯推斷和綜合辨析面的知識和邏輯推斷和綜合辨析, , 是一種在較是一種在較高層次上考查考生對英語知識的掌握和語言綜高層次上考查考生對英語知識的掌握和語言綜合運用能力的測試題型。合運用能力的測試題型。u 題材以記敘文為主題材以記敘文為主, ,題材和語言符合中學生實題材和語言符合中學生實際際; ;句子結構由簡單句主逐漸過渡到以復合句句子結構由簡單句主逐漸過渡

13、到以復合句和并列句為主。學生在平時寫作中常出現的錯和并列句為主。學生在平時寫作中常出現的錯誤是短文改錯的考查的重點。誤是短文改錯的考查的重點。試題的情景特征高考短文改錯命題特征及命題趨勢u 高考短文改錯的難度、錯誤類型設置、文章高考短文改錯的難度、錯誤類型設置、文章長度通常不會有太大變化。長度通常不會有太大變化。u 考查會更加注重語用功能考查會更加注重語用功能, ,取材范圍將更廣取材范圍將更廣泛泛, ,并注重語言的綜合運用能力。并注重語言的綜合運用能力。試題的命題趨勢高考短文改錯命題特征及命題趨勢 What types of mistakes are usually involved in P

14、assage Correcting? What is the method of correcting?高考短文改錯命題規律Discussion高考短文改錯命題規律 題量 考點年份 動詞名詞連詞形容詞副詞代詞冠詞介詞07全國I卷1120121108全國I卷4110010209寧夏海南4011011110課標全國2211001211課標全國32111111合計146632547 動詞形，名詞數動詞形，名詞數 還要注意形和副還要注意形和副 非謂語，細辨別非謂語，細辨別 介詞短語要牢記介詞短語要牢記A Limerick（五行打油詩）（五行打油詩） 代詞格，細領悟代詞格，細領悟 句子成分多分析句子成分

15、多分析 冠詞連詞常光顧冠詞連詞常光顧 邏輯錯誤須關注邏輯錯誤須關注 錯誤主要集中在動詞的時態、語態，主謂一致等方面。錯誤主要集中在動詞的時態、語態，主謂一致等方面。【2006安徽卷安徽卷】 Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. 【2006安徽卷安徽卷】 You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other books, but you are not permit to take them out.wishespermitted短文改錯典型錯詞

16、類型分析歸納動詞形【2006 NMET】 We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.【2006天津天津】 Today, I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.【2006四川四川】 We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “Were having dinner .” hadadmitted 【2006陜西陜西】 Ill send my friend Charlie

17、 to meet you at the airport when you arrived.【2006湖北湖北】 . sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.【2007天津卷天津卷】 In Grade Eight I took physics. In one test I get only 36 percent of the answers correct.gotarriveneeded 【2010四川卷四川卷】 And after many attempts, she past her driving test and told her

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20、lunch-box in my hand when I was going to school. The smell from it was very good 【2011重慶卷重慶卷】 Katia, like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. heldis解決方案(1) 通讀全文，搞清文中動詞時態的主旋律 .(2) 結合語境，靈活運用時態形式 .(3) 認真推敲，準確把握主動與被動 .【2006浙江卷浙江卷】 Your knowledges of English can help the whole class.【2006陜西卷陜西

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24、p in the morning.trouble friends days【2011陜西卷陜西卷】 . I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favorite actor. 【2011浙江卷浙江卷】 I was playing at my cousin house.【2011遼寧卷遼寧卷】 . the rate of UFO reports was steady, around three per weeks. actors cousinsweek1. 修飾修飾名詞名詞，作賓補作賓補及及連系動詞連系動詞后用形容詞；后用形容詞

25、；2. 修飾修飾動詞動詞，形容詞形容詞，副詞副詞及及整個句子整個句子時時用副詞用副詞；3. 比較級比較級和和最高級最高級的使用。的使用。【2006福建卷福建卷】 We can hear birds singing happy all around. 【2007浙江卷浙江卷】 I won the race. I felt very proudly of myself. proudhappily短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納還要注意形和副【2006遼寧卷遼寧卷】 She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappoin

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28、謂語，細辨別【2008重慶卷重慶卷】 And there were many meaningful things that were worth think of.【2008遼寧卷遼寧卷】 We all enjoyed this precious day greatly , remember the time we spent together and the people they were familiar with.rememberingthinking【2009浙江浙江】 It was a lesson that it was possible give without expecti

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31、 his findings known.make解決方案(1) 縱觀全文或全句，明確句中動詞所作的句子成分.(2) 系統掌握非謂語動詞的句法功能.(3) 前后聯系，整體把握 .lose my heart such many peoplein hurry in a shortin Sunday afternoonaonso介詞多半考搭配介詞多半考搭配,多、漏、誤用想周到多、漏、誤用想周到介詞、短語要牢記短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納【2006天津卷天津卷】 Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed. 【2006福建卷福建卷】

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33、ular Id always wanted. ofin解決方案(1) 平時的學習中注意積累語言知識，特別是一些固定搭配的記憶 . (2) 強化語法訓練，分清連詞，副詞和介詞之間的區別和句法功能 . (3) 語法知識的記憶和語感的培養結合起來 . 人稱代詞人稱代詞的性別，單復數及代詞格的誤用；的性別，單復數及代詞格的誤用； 物主代詞物主代詞，反身代詞反身代詞以及以及不定代詞不定代詞的誤用；的誤用； “it” 一詞的不當使用一詞的不當使用(包括用于從句中或作形式主語包括用于從句中或作形式主語或賓語或賓語)； Whose 和和whos，its和和 its的混淆的混淆代詞方面的錯誤主要體現在：代詞方面

34、的錯誤主要體現在：代詞格，須領悟短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納人稱單數復數主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱Imeweusyouyouyouyouhehimsheheritittheythem單數復數形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mine yourshishers itsoursyourstheirs【2007全國全國I卷卷】 I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked.【2007陜西卷陜西卷】 Just at t

35、hat time I woke up and found me still in bed!minemyself【2008全國全國II卷卷】 I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them their great achievement.【2011重慶卷重慶卷】 With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, Ive soon got used to living without my parents .【2011全國全國II卷卷】 Thank you

36、very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. ourmineus解決方案(1) 順藤摸瓜，理清短文中代詞的指代關系，注意聯系上下文。(2) 系統掌握it的各種用法 . (3) 準確把握不定代詞在文中的正確使用。 句法涉及到句法涉及到一致一致, 從句多考從句多考引導詞引導詞（誤用誤用，多用多用或或遺漏遺漏 ）【2007天津卷天津卷】 I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didnt take my bad grades a

37、s a judgment of my abilities.who / that句子成分多分析短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納【2008年安徽卷年安徽卷】 She looked at me and started to laugh. “How are you laughing?”I asked.【2009遼寧卷遼寧卷】 One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan.Whywhich【2010陜西卷陜西卷】 It turned out to be her own cup, that shed left on th

38、e shelf by mistake. 【2010寧夏青海卷寧夏青海卷】 . let me know what things are going. whichhow【2011遼寧卷遼寧卷】 .the rate of UFO reports were steady .【2011重慶卷重慶卷】 Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times.waswhom【2010重慶卷重慶卷】 Here is my idea about how a friend is like.

39、 【2010全國全國卷卷】 So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize .whatwhat解決方案（1）不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；（2）不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。（3）只有對句子結構和成分作細致的分析，才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。冠詞在前冠詞在前 “錯錯” “多多” “少少”。常考的錯誤形式有：冠詞常考的錯誤形式有：冠詞the, a, an 的誤用，多用或少用。的誤用，多用或少用。【2oo7全國卷全國卷II】 I meant to write long letter and tell you

40、 all the things Im doing at the schoola冠詞、連詞常光顧短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納【2007四川卷四川卷】 An Australian farmer found the kangaroo caught in the fence around his farms.【2010陜西卷陜西卷】 Then she bent down and picked up to look at a price on it. a the【2011陜西卷陜西卷】 He was right there in the front of me. 【2010 課標全國卷課標全國卷】 My

41、 friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US. a【2011全國卷全國卷2】 If youd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide. 【2011浙江卷浙江卷】 It was very nice to get your invitation to spend weekend with you. a the 連詞連詞常考常考 but，and，or, so 等的等的邏輯錯誤邏輯錯誤，以及，以及搭

42、配錯誤搭配錯誤。【2006遼寧卷遼寧卷】 She always made sure that our homework was finished on time, but she marked strictly on our actual performance.and短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納【2007浙江卷浙江卷】 Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot.【2007四川卷四川卷】 He thought the poor animal was injured, but the kind farmer

43、 took off his jacket and put on the animal. whenso 【2007四川卷四川卷】 He worked hard, but it wasnt surprising that he pass the exam.【2010課程標準卷課程標準卷】 my neighbor picked up the box but announced and/soand【2010遼寧卷遼寧卷】 Her hair was black and purple, and she wore black sports shoes and a black sweater, althoug

44、h in the summer. 【2010全國全國】 All I had to do was to write a story or present it. evenand【2011四川四川】 His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on time, but he went to the doctor for a help. 【2011全國全國II卷卷】 Its been a week after we left your family and we are now back home. asosince詞法句法均未錯詞法句法

45、均未錯, 邏輯推理來尋找。邏輯推理來尋找。主要是句子之主要是句子之間邏輯關系的矛盾，代詞在人稱上的不一致等。間邏輯關系的矛盾，代詞在人稱上的不一致等。【2006四川卷四川卷】 That night，we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted meals.we邏輯錯誤須關注短文改錯典型錯詞類型分析歸納【2010陜西卷陜西卷】 The assistant was clearly as embarrassed as my sister, for I just thought it was funny. 【20

46、11遼寧卷遼寧卷】 Wayne Tyler decided to make his findings known. They wrote an article Hebut / yet / while【2011陜西卷陜西卷】 I didnt have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get 【2011陜西卷陜西卷】 Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they had finished the scene and the actor couldnt be seen eve

47、rywhere.and /soanywhere【2011全國卷全國卷II】 If youd like to make a trip to my city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.u I have to take up a part-time job because my family is rich enough.morenot三步高考短文改錯應試策略及答題原則u 通讀全文，把握通讀全文，把握大意大意 u 細讀全文，仔細細讀全文，仔細斟酌斟酌u 再讀全文再讀全文, , 復核復核審查審查六原則u 以在有錯行改動

48、一詞為原則以在有錯行改動一詞為原則. .u 以改變實詞形式為原則以改變實詞形式為原則. .u 以單詞形式變化最小為原則以單詞形式變化最小為原則. .u 以添加或刪除虛詞為原則以添加或刪除虛詞為原則. .u 以多以多“改正改正”少少“添刪添刪”為原則為原則u 以以保持原意不變保持原意不變為原則為原則高考短文改錯應試策略及答題原則四不改u 標點符號標點符號不改。不改。u 大小寫大小寫不改。不改。u 詞序錯誤詞序錯誤不改。不改。u 單詞拼寫單詞拼寫不改。不改。高考短文改錯應試策略及答題原則 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient a

49、nd little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear ap

50、art my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, Thats it. No more toys to you. My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.【2012全國新課標、海南卷】2012年高考短文改錯真題實戰演練 I learned early in life that I had to be more pat

51、ient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. lessmythemgowenttoys形容詞名詞數代詞誤用動詞搭配邏輯錯誤【2012全國新課標解析】But before l

52、ong they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, Thats it. No more toys to you. My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.forwhattorecould句子成分動詞時態介

53、詞誤用情態動詞非謂語動詞【2012全國新課標解析】 My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the fre

54、e high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who

55、is going to Beijing.【2012陜西卷真題】2012年高考短文改錯真題實戰演練 My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I

56、liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. visitedso/andcomfortablewas介詞多用連詞/邏輯錯誤動詞時態形容詞/副詞句法一致【2012陜西卷解析】I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several

57、 local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing. withtakendishesamine動詞與介詞搭配非謂語動詞冠詞漏用名詞數代詞格【2012陜西卷解析】Dear Diana, Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind tor you to let us bring Annes friend. Gina. Unfortunate, the only

58、problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park Gina nearly got knocked over as a car drove

59、 out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home.【2012遼寧卷高考真題】Dear Diana, Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend. Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. T

60、here had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. hadofUnfortunatelyasmiles動詞時態形容詞/副詞介詞誤用名詞數固定搭配【2012遼寧卷解析】In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got