1、初中英語八大時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及用法時態(tài)無疑是初中英語最重要的語法內(nèi)容，學(xué)好時態(tài)基本就拿下了語法的半壁江山。英語八大時態(tài)：一、一般現(xiàn)在時標(biāo)志：動詞原形1. 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作，常與表頻度的時間狀語連用：She often speaks English.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2. 表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征、職業(yè)、能力、感覺等：He seems to feel a bit down today.He works as a driver.3. 表示真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實或用于格言警句中：Shanghai lies in the east of

2、China.Columbus proved that the earth is round.Where there is a will, there is a way.4. 表示現(xiàn)在瞬間的動作：Here comes the bus!5. 表示將來：1）表按規(guī)定、計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的趨向動詞），可以與表示未來的時間狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是：飛機、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點運行的交通狀況。如：The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.How often does the shutt

3、le bus run？2）在時間和條件狀語從句中常使用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來發(fā)生的事情：When Bill comes（不用will come）ask him to wait for me.I shall go there tomorrow unless Im too busy.二、一般過去時標(biāo)志：動詞過去式閉音節(jié)：元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果發(fā)字母本來的音則稱為開音節(jié)，否則稱為閉音節(jié)。1. 表示過去某時所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用（e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last

4、 night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before , when , in the past等）。如：Jim rang you just now.Liu Ying was in America last year.2. 表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，特別是used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的就是過去常常。如：When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.She used to visit her mother once a week.注意區(qū)分sb. u

5、sed to do sth.（某人過去常常做某事，此處to是動詞不定式標(biāo)志符號）和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.（某人習(xí)慣于某物/做某事，此處to是介詞）。3. 代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。此用法僅適用于少數(shù)動詞（如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等）及情態(tài)動詞could, would。如：I wondered if you could have a word with me.I hoped you could help me with my English.Would you mind my sitti

6、ng here？4. 虛擬語氣中用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r間的動作或狀態(tài)。常用句型有：It is time that sb. did sth. “某人該做某事了”would rather sb. did sth. “寧愿某人做某事”三、一般將來時標(biāo)志：will / shall + 動詞原形1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用（e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等）。如：We shall have a lot of rain next month.My husband will come back in a few da

7、ys.2. 表示傾向性和習(xí)慣性：Fish will die without water.When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.3. 一般將來時的幾種句式結(jié)構(gòu)辨析：1）will / shall + 動詞原形多用于表達(dá)主觀愿望或必定會發(fā)生的事情（“將會如何”）shall作助動詞時一般只用于第一人稱2）be going to + 動詞原形表示即將發(fā)生或打算要做的事：It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.3）be to + 動詞原形表示按計劃或安排即將要發(fā)生的動作：H

8、e is to visit Japan next year.We are to discuss the report on Monday.4）be about to + 動詞原形表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為“馬上要做某事”，后面一般不跟時間狀語，如：The plane is about to start.Dont worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時標(biāo)志：be + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1. 表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作：She is writing a letter upstairs.Who are you waiting

9、for？It is raining hard.2. 表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作（說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行）：I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.3. 表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，往往包含說話者贊揚、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒，通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如：John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.He is always thinking of others first.4. 表示將來：1）表示按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作

10、，僅適用于部分趨向動詞（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：Uncle Wang is coming.Theyre leaving for Beijing.2）在時間和條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來某時正在發(fā)生的事情。如：Please drop in when you are passing my way.If he is still sleeping, dont wake him up.五、過去進(jìn)行時標(biāo)志：was / were + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1. 表示過去某一時刻或一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，過去進(jìn)行時中常用的時間狀語有the whole mornin

11、g, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如：I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.They were watching TV at home last night.2. 表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，往往包含說話者贊揚、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒，通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如：My brother was always losing his keys.3. 表示按計劃、安排過去某時刻將要發(fā)生的動作，僅適用于部分

12、趨向動詞（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.4. 過去進(jìn)行時有一個主要用法就是描述一件事情發(fā)生的背景（一個長動作延續(xù)的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生）：Granny fell asleep when she was reading.It was raining when they left the station.六、現(xiàn)在完成時標(biāo)志：have / has + 動詞的過去分詞1. 表示一個過去發(fā)生并已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀況（表示“已完

13、成”）。如：He has left the city. （結(jié)果：他目前不在這個城市）Someone has broken the window. （結(jié)果：窗戶破了）2. 表示一個動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能還會繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去（表示“未完成”）。I have been busy since last week.He has taught in our school for 30 years.Ive finished half so far.注意：瞬間動詞通常是不能用現(xiàn)在完成時表持續(xù)性的，但其否定結(jié)構(gòu)則可以。如：She hasnt seen you for ages.His father ha

14、snt touched beer for a whole week.3. 表示過去到現(xiàn)在為止反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻度的副詞always, often, every day等連用。如：I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.4. 在時間和條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來某時完成的動作。如：Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, wel

15、l go the park.5. 與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的常見詞語能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的詞語很多，just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等，但常見的有：1）since 自從I have been there many times since the war.We havent seen each other since last week.We have been friends ever since.2）in / for / during the past/last years 在過去/最近中Ive been ill for the pas

16、t three weeks.Great changes have take place in the last ten years.I have been here (for）the last/past month.3）so far 到目前為止We havent had any trouble so far.So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.4）up to/until now 到現(xiàn)在為止Up to now hes been quiet.Up to now, the work has be

17、en easy.I have heard nothing from him up till now.Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.5）It is/will be the first/second time that 這是第一/二次Its the first time (that）Ive been here.It will be the first time (that）Ive spoken in public.It is the second time (that）I have met him today.6）This is + 形容詞

18、最高級 + that 這是最This is the best film that Ive (ever）seen.6. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別1）現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系；而一般過去時強調(diào)這個動作發(fā)生的時間是在過去，不涉及對現(xiàn)在的影響。如：I have seen this film. （我已經(jīng)看過了這部電影）I saw this film yesterday. （我是昨天看的這部電影）2）現(xiàn)在完成時常與模糊的時間狀語連用（如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always

19、等），或者干脆沒有時間狀語；而一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用（如yesterday, last night, ago, in 1980, in February等）。3）現(xiàn)在完成時表示持續(xù)時一般使用延續(xù)性動詞（如live, teach, work, know等）；而一般過去時常使用瞬間動詞（如begin, buy, die, marry等）。如：He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.My grandfather bought the car five years ago.7. 易錯點辨析1） 考生容易把一些瞬間動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時表達(dá)，這是錯誤的。

20、如：(）He has died for two years. 他死了兩年了。(）He has been dead for two years.(）He died two years ago.(）The film has begun for 10 minutes. 電影開演十分鐘了。(）The film has been on for 10 minutes.(）The film began 10 minutes ago.(）She has married for three years. 她結(jié)婚有三年了。(）She has been married for three years.(）She m

21、arried Mike three years ago.2）考生不懂如何區(qū)分have been to和have gone to，盡管兩者均可后接地點，但have been to表示去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了），have gone to表示到某地去了（現(xiàn)在還沒回來）。如：She has been to Paris (three times).She has gone to Paris.七、過去完成時標(biāo)志：had +動詞的過去分詞1. 表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。如：By the end of last week he had finished the work.H

22、e had left when I arrived.2. 表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。如：We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.3. 某些表意向的動詞（如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等）的過去完成時表示主語未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望、希望、打算。如：I had intended to visit you last night, but someone calle

23、d and I couldnt get away.We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.4. （虛擬語氣）在條件狀體從句或wish / would rather等后面的從句中，使用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的主觀愿望。如：The party wouldnt have been so perfect if you hadnt come.I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.5. 過去完成時與一般過去時：1）基本區(qū)別：過去完成時表示以過去某時間為起點以前所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀

24、態(tài)，即過去完成時強調(diào)“過去的過去”，而一般過去時只表示以現(xiàn)在時間為起點以前所發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。如：He studied there two years ago.他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)（離現(xiàn)在兩年）He said he had studied there two years before.他說他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)過。（離他說話時兩年）2）特別注意：兩個動作如果按順序發(fā)生，又不強調(diào)先后，或者用then, and, but等連詞連接時，多用一般過去時。如：When she saw the mouse, she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.八、過去將來時標(biāo)志：would +