1、【精品文檔】如有侵權，請聯系網站刪除，僅供學習與交流生化英文單詞匯總.精品文檔. 生化單詞表第一章 蛋白質結構和功能Protein 蛋白質Amino acid 氨基酸Myoglobin 肌紅蛋白Hemoglobin 血紅蛋白2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸protein physical-chemical properties蛋白理化性質Prion disease 朊蛋白病Scurvy壞血病Methemoglobinemia 高鐵血紅蛋白病Enzymes酶Catalysis催化作用Chiral手性Amino group氨基Carboxylic acid gr

2、oup 羧基Zwitterion 兩性Protonation 質子化isoelectric point等電點Ionizable可解離的Homeostatsis穩態Polar極性uncharged 不帶電的charged帶點的acidic酸性的basic堿性的non-polar非極性hydrophilic親水的hydrophobic疏水的aromatic AA 芳香氨基酸hydroxyl group羥基sulfur-containing AAs 含硫氨基酸amide 酰胺imino acid 亞氨基酸polypeptide backbone多肽骨架Essential AminoAcids必需氨基

3、酸Monomer單體Polymer聚合物multi-subunit多亞基Primary structure一級結構Secondary structure二級結構Tertiary structure 三級結構Quanternary structure四級結構hydrogen bond氫鍵Peptide Bonds肽鍵condensation reaction 縮合反應Polypeptide 多肽alpha helix a 螺旋beta-sheet beta折疊beta turn beta轉角Right-handed helix 右手螺旋Isomers異構體MotifT模體fibrous prot

4、eins纖維狀蛋白globular proteins球形蛋白Intermediate filaments 中間絲蛋白cytoskeleton 骨架Keratin 角蛋白Extracellular matrix 細胞外基質Collagen膠原蛋白Elastin彈性蛋白Tendons肌腱Cartilage軟骨Silk fibroin 絲蛋白Cornea角膜prolyl hydroxylase脯氨酸羥化酶a- ketoglutarate a-酮戊二酸ascorbate 抗壞血酸Antiparallel反平行Domain功能域Heme Group血紅素基團Ferric ion (Fe3+) 高鐵Fer

5、rous ion (Fe2+) 亞鐵Porphyrin卟啉.Nitrogen氮Hyperbolic拋物線的deoxy hemoglobin脫氧血紅蛋白oxy hemoglobin 氧合血紅蛋白Conformational 構象Subunit亞基cooperativebinding協同結合sigmoidal雙曲線的Allostery 變構作用heterotropic effect異促效應homotropic effect 同促效應Hyperthyroidism甲狀腺功能亢進phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) 磷酸甘油變位酶erythrocytes紅細胞Iron defic

6、iency anemia 缺鐵性貧血Chronic respiratory disease慢性呼吸系統疾病Hypoxia低氧pulmonary edema 肺水腫Antibodie抗體(immunoglobulins免疫球蛋白Bacteria細菌Virus病毒Pollen花粉Antigen抗原disulfide bonds 二硫鍵Sickle CellAnemia鐮刀紅細胞貧血Homozygous純合的Autosomal accessive 常染色體隱性Denaturation變性Renaturation 復性Alcohol乙醇Chloroform氯仿Urea尿素Curdle凝乳Perming

7、 hair 燙發Ribonuclease 核糖核酸酶i2-mercaptoethanol 二巰基乙醇Ultrafiltration超濾Ultracentrifugation超速離心Electrophoresis電泳ion exchange chromatography離子交換層析chromatography層析UV absorption紫外吸收Dye binding染料結合Dialysis:透析semipermeable membrane半透膜Sedimentation coefficient, S沉降系數第二章核酸結構和功能NucleicAcids核酸Nucleotide核苷酸Nucleas

8、e核酸酶NitrogenousBases 含氮堿Nucleosides核苷 NucleosidePhosphates 磷酸核苷Polynucleotides多核苷酸Pyrimidine嘧啶Cytosine 胞嘧啶Uracil 尿嘧啶Thymine 胸腺嘧啶Purine嘌呤Adenine 腺嘌呤Guanine 鳥嘌呤Derivatives衍生物D-riboseD-核糖2-deoxy-D-ribose 2-脫氧-D-核糖Pentoses 戊糖glycosidicbond 糖苷鍵anomeric異頭碳triphosphates三磷酸glycogen糖原phosphodiester bond磷酸二酯鍵

9、 Ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid 脫氧核糖核酸Base pairs 堿基對Canonical經典的major groove 大溝minor groove 小溝Supercoil超螺旋Cruciform十字形duplex helix 雙螺旋Negative supercoiling 負超螺旋palindromic regions回文區域nucleosome核小體Chromatin染色質nucleoprotein complex和蛋白復合體histones 組蛋白Diameter直徑Eukaryotic真核的 Transcription轉錄Pr

10、okaryotes原核細胞Polycistron多順反子Eukaryote真核細胞Monocistron單順販子Intron內含子 Exon外顯子 Splicing 剪接Ribosome核糖體peptidyl transferase肽酰轉移酶cytosol細胞漿Ribozyme核酶 hyperchromic 增色的Stacked base pairs 堿基堆積in native DNA absorbless light Hydrolysis水解Carcinogenesis致癌aryl hydrocarbons芳香烴Smokedand grilled foods煙熏和燒烤食物alkylate 烷

11、基化第三章 脂質代謝Amphipathic 同時具有親水和厭水部分的，兩性分子的Triacrylglycerol (TAG)/Triglyceride (TG) 三脂酰甘油/甘油三酯Phospholipids (PL) 磷脂Glycolipids (GL) 糖脂Cholesterol (CHOL) 膽固醇Cholesterol ester (CE) 膽固醇酯carboxylic acid羧酸Saturated/ unsaturated 飽和的/不飽和的Margarine 人造黃油、人造奶油Palmitic acid軟脂酸; 棕櫚酸，十六（烷）酸Stearic acid硬脂酸，十八酸Linole

12、ic acid亞油酸，罌酸-Linolenic acid -亞麻酸Arachidonic acid花生四烯酸Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 二十五碳五烯酸Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 二十二碳六烯酸Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) 必需脂肪酸Glycerol 甘油Phosphatidylcholine磷脂酰膽堿、卵磷脂Phosphatidylethanolamine磷脂酰乙醇胺、腦磷脂cardiolipin 一種磷脂，亦稱雙磷脂酰甘油。Sphingolipids 鞘脂Sphingosine鞘氨醇sphingoid bases

13、鞘氨醇堿steroid hormones類固醇激素adipocytes 脂肪細胞Emulsion 乳化Hydrophilic 親水Hydrophobic 親脂lipase脂肪酶Colipase 輔脂酶Fat mobilization 脂肪動員Lipolysis脂解hormone-sensitive triacylglycerol lipase (HSL) 激素敏感性脂肪酶Glucagons 胰高血糖素Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) 促腎上腺皮質激素Epinephrine腎上腺素Norepinephrine去甲腎上腺素Insulin 胰島素Beta-Oxid

14、ation-氧化作用acetyl-CoA乙酰輔酶AAcyl-CoA synthetase?；o酶A合成酶acyl-CoA ester ?；o酶A酯Malonyl-CoA丙二酰輔酶A;carnitine 肉堿acyl carnitines酰基肉堿Carnitine acyltransferase I肉堿脂酰轉移酶Icarbonyl group 羰基Dehydrogenation脫氫作用Hypoglycin 次甘氨酸enoyl CoA 烯酰輔酶AHydration水化; 水合，水合作用 hydroxyacyl CoA -羥脂酰CoAThiolysis硫解Thioester硫酯Enolate烯醇化物

15、propionyl-CoA丙酰輔酶aKetone bodies 酮體Acetone 丙酮acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸-hydroxybutyrate-羥丁酸acetoacetyl-CoA乙酰乙酰輔酶A3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA羥甲基戊二酸單酰輔酶A （HMG CoA）Succinyl CoA transsulfurase琥珀酰輔酶A轉硫酶Ketonemia酮血癥Ketoacidosis 酮癥酸中毒Malonyl-CoA丙二酰輔酶AMalate蘋果酸鹽KS: -ketoacyl-ACP synthase酮脂酰合酶MT: malonyl-transacyla

16、se 丙二酰基轉移酶KR: -ketobutyryl-ACP reductase酮脂酰還原酶 DH: -hydroxybutyryl-ACP dehydratase脫水酶ER: enoyl-ACP reductase烯脂酰還原酶AT: acetyl-CoA-ACP transacetylase乙?；D移酶TE: acyl-CoA thioesterase 硫脂酶Monoacylglycerol (MG) pathway 甘油一酯途徑Diacylglycerol (DG) pathway甘油二酯途徑Lysophosphatidate 溶血磷脂Glycerophospholipid 甘油磷脂pho

17、spholipase (PLA) 磷脂酶Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine二棕櫚酰磷脂酰膽堿Sphingomyelin鞘磷脂Ceramide 神經酰胺Multiple sclerosis 多發性硬化cholelithiasis膽結石Gall Bladder 膽囊Sitosterol谷甾醇-sitosterol谷固醇 -ergosterol麥角固醇 aerobic 有氧的anaerobic 無氧的Mevalonate甲羥戊酸Squalene鯊烯，三十碳六烯（角）Thyroxine甲狀腺素Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase 卵磷脂膽

18、固醇酰基轉移酶 pregnenolone 孕烯醇酮progesterone孕酮,testosterone睪酮aldosterone醛固酮calcitriol骨化三醇coronary 冠狀動脈的lovastatin洛伐他?。℉MG-CoA還原酶抑制劑）Lipoproteins脂蛋白CM (chylomicron) 乳糜微粒VLDL: Very-low-density lipoproteins 極低密度脂蛋白IDL : Intermediate-density lipoproteins 中間密度脂蛋白LDL: Low-density lipoproteins 低密度脂蛋白HDL: High-den

19、sity lipoproteins 高密度脂蛋白Apolipoprotein 載脂蛋白第四章 生物氧化BiologicalOxidation 生物氧化Mitochondrion線粒體electrontransfer chain (ETC) 電子傳遞鏈Respiratorychain 呼吸鏈Ubiquinone(Coenzyme Q, CoQ, Q) 泛醌（輔酶Q）Cytochrome細胞色素prostheticgroup 輔基Flavoprotein黃素蛋白flavinmononucleotide (FMN) 黃素單核苷酸flavinadenine dinucleotide （FAD）黃素腺嘌

20、呤二核苷酸iron-sulphurprotein 鐵硫蛋白ironsulfurclusters 鐵硫簇Nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide (NAD) 煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（輔酶I）nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate 磷酸煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（輔酶II）isoalloxazine異咯嗪heme亞鐵血紅素lipoate硫辛酸Oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化Substratelevel phosphorylation底物水平磷酸化Chemiosmotictheory 化學滲透理論ATPsynth

21、ase ATP合成酶Uncouplingprotein解偶聯蛋白Thermogenin增溫素2,4-dinitrophenol（DNP） 2,4-二硝基苯酚（DNP）OligomycinA 寡霉素A-glycerophosphateshuttle-磷酸甘油穿梭malate-aspartateshuttle 蘋果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭，也稱為蘋果酸穿梭第五章 氨基酸代謝一、蛋白質的營養價值營養價值: nutrition value營養必需氨基酸: nutritionally essential amino acid營養非必需氨基酸: nutritionally nonessential amino a

22、cid營養半必需氨基酸: nutritionally semiessential amino acid氨基酸模式: amino acid pattern,AAP氮平衡: nitrogen balance零氮平衡: zero nitrogen balance正氮平衡: positive nitrogen balance負氮平衡: negative nitrogen balance蛋白質缺乏綜合癥: kwashiorkor消瘦: marasmus二、體內氨基酸的來源內肽酶: endopeptidase外肽酶: exopeptidase氨基肽酶: amino peptidase羧基肽酶: carbo

23、xyl peptidase胃蛋白酶: pepsin腸激酶: enterokinase胰蛋白酶: trypsin糜蛋白酶: chymotrypsin彈性蛋白酶: elastase自身激活: autocatalysis寡肽酶: oligopeptidase二肽酶: dipeptidase氨基酸代謝池: amino acid metabolic pool-谷氨酰循環: -glutamyl cycle腐敗作用: putrefaction胺類: amine酪胺: tyramine苯乙胺: phenylethylamine假神經遞質: false neurotransmitter氨: ammonia尿素:

24、 urea尿素腸肝循環: urea enterohepatic circle半壽期：half life泛素：ubiquitin,Ub泛素活化酶：ubiqutin activating enzyme泛素載體蛋白:ubiquitin carrier protein泛素-蛋白連接酶：ubiquitin protein ligase泛素化：ubiquitination蛋白酶體：proteasome谷氨酸脫氫酶：glutamate dehydrogenase谷氨酰胺合成酶：glutamine synthetase天冬酰胺合成酶：asparagine synthetase膽堿：choline乙醛酸：gly

25、oxylate同型半胱氨酸：homocysteine胱硫醚合酶：cystathionine synthase苯丙氨酸羥化酶：phenylalanine hydroxylase生物喋呤：biopterin二氫生物蝶呤還原酶：dihydrobiopterin dehydrogenase三、氨基酸分解代謝轉氨基: transamination轉氨酶：transaminase(aminotransferase)丙氨酸轉氨酶：alanine transaminase(ALT);glutamic pyruvic transminase(GPT)天冬氨酸轉氨酶：aspatate transaminase(A

26、ST);glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)磷酸吡哆醛：pyridoxal phosphate,PLP聯合脫氨基（轉氨脫氨作用）：transdeamination嘌呤核苷酸循環：purine nucleotide cycle氨基酸氧化酶：amino acid oxidase丙氨酸葡萄糖循環：alanine glucose cycle鳥氨酸循環，尿素循環：ornithine cycle; urea cycle; krebs-henseleitcycle.氨甲酰磷酸合成酶：carbamoyl phosphate synthetase N-乙酰谷氨酸：N-ac

27、etylglutamate鳥氨酸氨甲酰轉移酶：ornithine carbamoyl transferase; ornithine transcarbamoylase.精氨酸代琥珀酸合成酶：argininosuccinate synthetase(ASS)精氨酸代琥珀酸裂解酶：argininosuccinate lyase(ASl)精氨酸酶：arginase一氧化氮合酶：nitric oxide synthase(NOS)高氨血癥：hyperammonemia四、氨基酸的分類代謝脫羧酶：decarboxylase脫羧基作用：decarboxylation氨基丁酸：-aminobutyrate牛

28、磺酸：taurine組胺：histamine5-羥色胺：5-hydroxytryptamine褪黑激素：melatonin單胺氧化酶：monoamine oxidase多胺：polyamine腐胺，亞精胺，精胺：putrecine, spermidine, spermine一碳單位：one carbon unit甲基，甲烯基，甲炔基，亞氨甲基，甲?；簃ethyl group, methylene group, methenyl group, formimino group, formyl group.四氫葉酸：tetrahydrofolic acid二氫葉酸還原酶：dihydrofolic

29、acid reductase腺苷轉移酶：adenosyl transferaseS-腺苷蛋氨酸：S- adenosyl methionine (SAM)同型半胱氨酸：homocysteine同型半胱氨酸血癥：homocystinuriaPAPS：3-phosphoadenosyl-5-phosphasulfate肌酸：creatine肌酸激酶：creatine phosphokinase磷酸肌酸：creatine phosphate兒茶酚胺：catecholamine多巴：3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa)多巴胺：dopamine腎上腺素：epinephrin

30、e去甲腎上腺素：norepinephrine黑色素：melanine尿黑酸：homogentisate尿黑酸癥：alkaptonuria苯丙酮尿癥：phenyl ketonuria (PKU)白化?。篴lbinism第六章 酶和維生素 糖復合物酶和維生素Enzyme酶Ribozyme核酶Alkaptonuria尿黑酸尿Homogentisateoxidase 尿黑酸氧化酶Phospholipase磷脂酶Prostheticgroup 輔基Coenzyme輔酶Cofactor輔因子Metalloenzyme金屬酶Metal-cativatedenzyme 金屬激活酶Monomericenzyme

31、 單體酶Oligomericenzyme 寡聚酶Multifunctionalenzyme 多功能酶Multienzymecomplex 多酶復合體Essentialgroups 必須基團Activesite 活性中心Nomenclature命名法Systemiaticname 系統命名Commonname常用名Oxidoredcuctase氧化還原酶Transferase轉移酶Hydrolase水解酶Lyase裂解酶Isomerase異構酶Ligase合成酶Isoenzyme同工酶Physiologicalsignificance 生理學意義Thermodynamic熱動力Catalyst催

32、化劑Specificity特異性Allosteric regulation 變構調節Covalent modification 共價修飾transition state 過渡態Induced-fit Hypothesis 誘導契合學說Activation energy 活化能Proximity and orientation effects 鄰近和定向排列效應Electrostatic effects 靜電效應Acid-base catalysis 酸堿催化Covalent catalysis 共價催化Velocity 速率International unit 國際單位Katal 催量Spec

33、ific activity 比活性Michaelisconstant 米氏常數theaffinity 親和力Turnover number 轉換數Optimum temperature 最適溫度Bell-shaped curve 鐘形曲線Hyperbolic 雙曲線Double-reciprocal plot 雙倒數曲線irreversible inhibition 不可逆抑制reversible inhibition 可逆抑制organophosphorous compounds 有機磷酸化合物competitiveinhibition 競爭性抑制non-competitiveinhibit

34、ion 非競爭性抑制uncompetitiveinhibition 反競爭性抑制sulfanilamide磺胺類藥物tetrahydrofolate四氫葉酸rate-limiting enzymes 限速酶Allosteric regulation 變構調節Negative cooperativity 正協同效應Positive cooperativity負協同效應Aspartatetranscarbamylase 天冬氨酸-轉氨甲酰酶Covalent modification 共價修飾Methylation甲基化Acetylation乙?；疉denylation腺苷酸化Zymogen 酶原P

35、roteolysis 蛋白水解Autodigestion 自消化Pathogenesis 發病機理Phenylketonuria 苯丙酮尿癥Lipidsoluble 脂溶性Liquidsoluble 水溶性Beriberi腳氣病 Dermatophytosis腳氣Riboflavin 核黃素Nicotinic Acid 煙酸Retinol 視黃醇Retinaldehyde 視黃醛Retinoic acid 視黃酸-carotene -胡蘿卜素Cholecaciferol 膽鈣化醇Tocopherol 生育酚Phylloquinone 葉綠醌糖復合物Monosaccharide 單糖Oligos

36、accharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Side-chain 側鏈Lysosome 溶酶體Repertoire 總匯N-glycosidic bond 糖苷鍵Asn 天冬酰胺Ser 絲氨酸Thr 蘇氨酸Glutatransferase 糖基轉移酶Glycosidehydrolases糖苷水解酶Ribosome核糖體humanchorionicgonadotrophin人絨毛膜促性腺激素malignanttransformation惡性轉移ulcer潰瘍H.pyloribacterium幽門螺旋桿菌Lectin凝集素Peroxisome過氧化物酶體Mitochondria線粒體

37、endoplasmicreticulum內質網nucleus細胞核coreprotein核心蛋白Uronicacid 糖醛酸Osamine糖胺Iduronicacid艾杜糖醛酸Glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸Anti-coagulation抗凝Lubricationaction潤滑作用Cellular recognition細胞識別Hydrophobic疏水的Hydrophilic親水的Fattyacid脂肪酸Sphingosine鞘氨醇Acyl-coenzymeA脂酰輔酶ACeramidegalactosyltransferase神經酰胺半乳糖基轉移酶Cerebrosidesulfot

38、ransferase腦苷脂磺基轉移酶connectivetissue結蹄組織 tendon 肌腱ligament 韌帶cornea 角膜cartilage 軟骨triple helix 三螺旋coiled coil 卷曲螺旋Anchoraging 錨定Monomer 單體disufied bond 二硫鍵Homologous-repeating domain同源重復結構域swallow function 吞噬功能Atherosclerotic 動脈粥樣硬化Septicemia 敗血病Trimer 三聚體第七章 核苷酸代謝嘌呤：purine腺嘌呤：adenine鳥嘌呤：guanine次黃嘌呤：h

39、ypoxanthine黃嘌呤：xanthine嘧啶：pyrimidine胞嘧啶：cytosine尿嘧啶：uracil胸腺嘧啶：thymidine核苷：nucleoside核苷酸：nucleotide從頭合成途徑：de novo pathway5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸：5-phosphoribose-1-pyrophosphate(PRPP)磷酸核糖焦磷酸激酶：phosphoribosyl pyrophosphokinase谷氨酰胺磷酸核糖焦磷酸酰胺轉移酶：glutamine PRPP amidotransferase腺苷酸代琥珀酸合成酶：adenylosuccinate synthetase腺

40、苷酸代琥珀酸裂解酶：adenylosuccinate lyase補救合成途徑：salvage pathway腺嘌呤磷酸核糖轉移酶：adenine phosphoribosyl transferase次黃嘌呤-鳥嘌呤磷酸核糖轉移酶：hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase腺苷激酶：adenosine kinase核酸酶：nuclease核苷酸酶：nucleotidase核苷磷酸化酶：nucleotide phosphorylase脫氨酶：deaminase尿酸：uric acid痛風：gout別嘌呤醇：allopurinol嚴重聯合免疫缺陷綜

41、合征：severe combined immunodeficiency(SCID)氨甲酰磷酸合成酶：carbamoyl phosphate transferase 天冬氨酸氨甲酰轉移酶：aspartate transcarbamoylase乳清酸：orotate嘧啶磷酸核糖轉移酶：pyrimidinine phosphoribosyltransferase尿苷激酶：uridine kinase-丙氨酸：-alanine-氨基異丁酸：-aminoisobutyrate核糖核苷酸還原酶：ribonucleotide reductase硫氧還蛋白：thioredoxin 硫氧還蛋白還原酶：thior

42、edoxin reductase胸苷合酶：thymidylate synthase胸苷激酶：thymidylate kinase6-巰基嘌呤：6-mercapto purine(6-SH)氮雜絲氨酸：azaserine氨蝶呤：aminopterin氨甲蝶呤：methotrexate 5-氟尿嘧啶：5-fluorouracil第八章 血肝膽生化非蛋白氮：non-protein nitrogen 白蛋白（清蛋白） ：albumin 球蛋白：globulin 2,3-BPG: 2,3 diphosphate glycerate 血紅蛋白：hemoglobin 卟啉：porphyrin 原卟啉：pro

43、toporphyrin 血紅素：heme -氨基-酮戊酸：-aminolevulinic acid, ALA ALA合酶：ALA synthase ALA脫水酶：ALA dehydratase 亞鐵螯合酶：ferrochelatase 高鐵血紅素：hematin 促紅細胞生成素：erythropoietin ,EPO 運鐵蛋白：transferrin 鐵蛋白：ferritin 生物轉化：transformation 氧化反應：oxidation reaction 還原反應：reduction reaction 水解反應：hydrolysis reaction 結合反應：conjugation

44、reaction 葡萄糖醛酸：glucuronic acid 乙醇：ethanol 乙醛：acetaldehyde 乙酸：acetic acid 脫氫酶：dehydrogenase 膽汁酸：bile acid 游離膽汁酸：free bile acid 結合膽汁酸：conjugated bile acid 初級膽汁酸：primary bile acid 次級膽汁酸：secondary bile acid 膽酸：cholic acid 鵝脫氧膽酸：chenodeoxycholic aicd 甘氨膽酸：glycocholic acid 牛黃膽酸：taurocholic acid 甘氨鵝脫氧膽酸：gl

45、yco-chenodeoxycholic acid 牛黃鵝脫氧膽酸：tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid 脫氧膽酸：deoxycholic acid 石膽酸：lithocholic acid 7-羥化酶：7- hydroxylase 膽汁酸的腸肝循環：entero hepatic circulation of bile acid 膽色素：bile pigment 膽綠素：biliverdin 膽紅素：bilirubin 膽素：bilin 血紅素加氧酶：hemeoxygenase, HO 未結合膽紅素（游離膽紅素，間接膽紅素） ：unconjugated bilirubin, indirect bilirubin. 結合膽紅素（直接膽紅素） ：conjugated bilirubin, direct bilirubin. UD