1、常用介詞短語(yǔ)總結(jié)（一）句法關(guān)系來(lái)看,介詞是一種虛詞,在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中表示詞與詞或詞與有關(guān)句子成分之間的關(guān)系。介詞不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,但它后面可以接名詞、名詞性詞語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞等構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),在句中常作狀語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)總結(jié)一些大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)及成語(yǔ)介詞。一、近義介詞短語(yǔ)辨析1. 表示原因(通常在句中作狀語(yǔ))1) because of:表示實(shí)際原因(表達(dá)一種較強(qiáng)的因果關(guān)系)2) on account of:常用來(lái)引述邏輯、理性和事實(shí)因素3) out of + 抽象名詞:常用來(lái)引述心理、情感因素,如out of one's own will(出于自愿)4) owing / due to:著重把原

2、因歸于某事物,既可作狀語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ),due to還可以作后置定語(yǔ),如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的錯(cuò)誤也許會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的后果。5) thanks to:后面通常接表示積極意義的原因,意為"多虧,幸虧由于"。例句:He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。Michael and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted

3、leaders. 邁克爾與貝利由于有豐富的登山經(jīng)驗(yàn),被選為隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。She did it out of sympathy. 她這樣做是出于同情。Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分問(wèn)題都是由于人為的錯(cuò)誤造成的。Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多虧了你的精力和智慧,這項(xiàng)發(fā)展計(jì)劃終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了。2. 表示排除1) with the exception of意義與except, exce

4、pt for相同,但比它們正式2) apart from (=美式英語(yǔ)中的aside from)是個(gè)復(fù)合介詞,既可表示"除之外",相當(dāng)于except (for), 又可以表示"除之外,(還,也)"相當(dāng)于besides。例句:They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除湯姆外他們物理考試都及格了。We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我們一路上很順利,只是車(chē)胎漏了一次氣。Apart

5、 from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我們不但車(chē)胎漏了氣,而且剎車(chē)也出了毛病。3. 表示"有關(guān),關(guān)于"1) 表示"關(guān)于"的介詞:concerning(較為正式),respecting(關(guān)于,至于),regarding(關(guān)于,就而論,在方面)等He quarreled with his neighbor concerning the house. 他因房子問(wèn)題和鄰居發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵。I'm at a loss respecting his whereabouts. 我全然不知道他的蹤跡。R

6、egarding the punishment, what would you advise? 就這種處罰來(lái)說(shuō),你有什么意見(jiàn)？2)表示"關(guān)于"的介詞短語(yǔ):with respect to(關(guān)于,就而言)；in respect of(就而論,在方面)；in / with regard to, in / with reference to, in connection with也都表示"(正式用語(yǔ))關(guān)于,有關(guān)"；as for和as to在用于句首表示"至于"時(shí)區(qū)別不大,可以互相通用,但as to表示"關(guān)于"時(shí)不能和as

7、for互換,相當(dāng)于about和concerning。例句:The discussion with respect to some theoretical questions will last for a long time. 關(guān)于一些理論問(wèn)題的討論將持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。In respect of the transformation in education, we have still plenty to do. 就教學(xué)改革來(lái)說(shuō),我們還有好多事要做。With/In regard to our business, I will write to you later. 關(guān)于我們的經(jīng)營(yíng)情況,我以后會(huì)寫(xiě)

8、信告訴你的。I have nothing to say with reference to this question. 關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題我沒(méi)有什么話(huà)要講。Tell me all you know in connection with that matter. 告訴我關(guān)于那件事你所知道的一切。As for/to me, I was a little puzzled. 至于我,有點(diǎn)迷惑不解。Johnson was very uncertain as to whether his bicycle was stolen by the thief. 關(guān)于他的自行車(chē)是否被這個(gè)賊偷了,約翰遜不敢肯定。4. 表

9、示"在之前"1) ahead of意為in advance of,可表示"(在空間或時(shí)間上比某人或某事物)更前,更早"；還可表示"領(lǐng)先,優(yōu)于"2) in front of 多指空間的前后關(guān)系,"在正前方"3) prior to(正式用語(yǔ))指時(shí)間與重要性方面"在之前"4) previous to指時(shí)間與順序上在前5) preparatory to意為in readiness for, as a preparation for, 為做準(zhǔn)備而在之前6) on the eve of "在前夕&

10、quot;,如:on the eve of our examination / victory 在我們考試/勝利的前夕例句:They will fulfill the plan ahead of schedule / time. 他們將提前完成計(jì)劃。She couldn't watch the television because he was standing in front of the screen. 她沒(méi)法看電視,因?yàn)樗驹谄聊坏恼胺健eeds must be pulled up prior to pollination of flowers in the garden

11、. 在花園里的花朵授粉之前雜草必須拔除。I know nothing about the accident; it happened previous to my arrival here. 我對(duì)事故一無(wú)所知,我到這兒之前事故就發(fā)生了。Security checks had been carried out preparatory to( = to prepare for) the President's visit. 為迎接總統(tǒng)來(lái)訪,當(dāng)局已預(yù)先進(jìn)行了安全檢查。The general addressed the army on the eve of the battle. 將軍在打仗前

12、夕對(duì)軍隊(duì)講話(huà)。5. 表示"支持,贊成"1) in support of 維護(hù),支持,支援Mr. Smith spoke in support of the motion. 史密斯先生發(fā)言支持這項(xiàng)提議。2) in favor of 可指某人"支持,贊成",也可指事物"有利于"Are you in favor of the proposal? 你贊成此建議嗎？The exchange rate is in our favor.兌換率有利于我們。6. 表示"鑒于,由于；根據(jù),按照"1)in the light of 按照

13、,考慮到He rewrote the book in the light of further research. 考慮到進(jìn)一步的研究,他重寫(xiě)了那部書(shū)。2)in terms of 就而言,談到The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪水而言,這是份好工作。但它也有不足之處。3)on the grounds of; on . grounds 以為理由/根據(jù)Their request for a permission to open a mine was denied on environmental

14、grounds. 基于對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的考慮,他們開(kāi)礦的請(qǐng)求沒(méi)有被許可。4)in accordance with 與一致,書(shū)面語(yǔ)He didn't act in accordance with the provisions of the contract. 他沒(méi)有依照合同的條款規(guī)定行事。5)according to 根據(jù)；按照A diplomat must act according to circumstances. 外交官必須會(huì)隨機(jī)應(yīng)變。牛刀小試選用文中介紹的適當(dāng)介詞短語(yǔ)翻譯句子。1. 一輛貨車(chē)正好停在我的汽車(chē)前面。2. 形勢(shì)有利于發(fā)展中國(guó)家。3. 他做這件事完全是出于自愿。4. 他們正

15、收拾東西準(zhǔn)備旅行。5. 他列舉了許多事實(shí)來(lái)證明他的意見(jiàn)是正確的。6. 多虧了他的及時(shí)資助,我們才能得以繼續(xù)開(kāi)展這一項(xiàng)目。7. 目前我們大大領(lǐng)先于我們所有的對(duì)手。8. 你應(yīng)該提前很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間預(yù)定,最好提前六個(gè)星期。9. 價(jià)格會(huì)隨著訂購(gòu)數(shù)量的不同而有所變化。10. 由于我們主席的不幸消息,我們不得不取消七月四日的慶祝活動(dòng)。答案及解析1. A van was parked right in front of my car.分析:本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是方位"在前方,前面",所以選用in front of。2. The situation is in favor of the developing

16、 countries.分析:本句的主語(yǔ)"形勢(shì)"situation是抽象名詞,"有利于"宜選用"in favor of"。3. He did it completely out of his own free will.分析:free will是抽象名詞短語(yǔ),用于out of之后,表示"完全出于自愿"。4. They are packing things preparatory to a journey.分析:"收拾東西"是為"旅行"做準(zhǔn)備,先于"旅行"發(fā)生

17、,因此選用介詞短語(yǔ)"preparatory to"。5. He adduced many facts in support of his views.分析:本句主語(yǔ)是人"he",目的狀語(yǔ)"表明正確"暗含"支持"的含義,因而選用介詞短語(yǔ)"in support of"。6. Thanks to his timely financial help, we could continue with this project. 分析:thanks to表示"多虧由于,幸虧有",通常接表示

18、積極意義的原因,因此用在此處比because of, on account of等更貼切。7. We are well ahead of all our rivals at present. 分析:ahead of原義表示某人或某物在時(shí)間、空間等方面"更早,更前",轉(zhuǎn)義可表示"領(lǐng)先,優(yōu)于"(in or into a more successful position than .),因此正好適用本句。8. You should book well in advance, preferably six weeks before. 分析:本句in advanc

19、e的含義實(shí)際相當(dāng)于ahead of schedule(提前于約定時(shí)間)。9. Prices vary according to the quantity ordered. 分析:"按照,根據(jù)"可用短語(yǔ)according to表達(dá),是常用固定用法。10. In the light of the tragic news about our chairman, we have to cancel the celebrations on July 4th. 分析:本句表達(dá)的"由于"可進(jìn)一步理解為"鑒于,考慮到",所以選用in the ligh

20、t of,其可以明確表達(dá)該意義。常用介詞短語(yǔ)總結(jié)（二） 上一篇我們對(duì)英語(yǔ)中常出現(xiàn)的一些近義介詞短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了總結(jié)、辨析,本期我們將介紹一些常見(jiàn)的形近義異介詞短語(yǔ)和其他一些常用介詞短語(yǔ)。(二)形近義異介詞短語(yǔ)辨析1. all but 幾乎,差一點(diǎn)(almost)；除了都(all except) anything but單單除之外；根本不 nothing but 僅僅,只不過(guò)(only, no more than)I all but stumbled. 我差一點(diǎn)摔跤。I will eat anything but carrot. 我什么都吃,就是不吃胡蘿卜。He is anything but cle

21、ver. 他根本不聰明。The fellow is nothing but a fool. 那家伙不過(guò)是個(gè)傻瓜而已。2. at a time 每次,一次 at one time曾經(jīng),一度(once)；同時(shí)(at the same time; simultaneously)He used to abandon his work for many months at a time. 他過(guò)去常常把工作一丟就是好幾個(gè)月。At one time she was the chairman of the board. 她曾擔(dān)任董事會(huì)主席。He was the chairman of the board an

22、d at one time he was also the president of the company. 他同時(shí)擔(dān)任董事會(huì)主席和公司總裁。3. at no time決不,從不(never; on no occasion) in no time立即,馬上(in a very brief time)At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. 我從沒(méi)覺(jué)得他們不講理。We'll be there in no time.我們很快就會(huì)到那兒。4. for the moment暫時(shí)(as far as the present time

23、 is concerned, although perhaps not later) at the moment此刻,現(xiàn)在(at present time; now) in a moment很快,一會(huì)兒(very soon)For the moment we are content to watch and wait.目前我們甘心在一旁觀察和等待。(暗含以后不甘于這樣的意味)I'm busy at the moment, but I'll do it later. 這會(huì)兒我很忙,過(guò)后我會(huì)處理這件事的。I am on the telephone now, but I will b

24、e with you in a moment. 我正打電話(huà),一會(huì)兒就到你那兒去。5. at present目前,現(xiàn)在(at the present time or moment; now)for the present暫時(shí),暫且(temporarily)；就目前而言(as far as the present time is concerned意指某一情形目前存在著,但很可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化)We don't know at present who will win the election.現(xiàn)在我們還不知道誰(shuí)將在選舉中獲勝。For the present she continues wit

25、h the antibiotics. 目前她還是繼續(xù)使用抗生素。6. out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)(without doubt; doubtless),作表語(yǔ) out of the question不可能的(not to be thought of as possible; not to be done),也作表語(yǔ) without question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),毫無(wú)疑義(without arguing or asking why it is necessary),作狀語(yǔ)The sabotage is out of question a fresh blow to internationa

26、l peace efforts. 那次陰謀破壞無(wú)疑對(duì)國(guó)際和平努力又是一個(gè)新的打擊。She knew that a holiday was out of the question this year.她知道今年不可能有假期。Without question he is the brightest student in the school. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),他是全校最聰明的學(xué)生。7. for oneself為自己 to oneself 歸于自己 of oneself 由自己構(gòu)成,出于自動(dòng) in oneself在自身境界中,在自身屬性中 by oneself 自動(dòng)地,單獨(dú)地She kept the la

27、rgest apple for herself. 她把最大的蘋(píng)果留給自己。Keep it to yourself. 不要告訴別人。You must have done something to it it cannot break of itself. 你一定碰它了它不會(huì)自己破的。London forms a county by itself. 倫敦單獨(dú)就是一個(gè)郡。London seems a world of itself. 倫敦本身好像就是個(gè)世界。London is a little world in itself.倫敦城里就是一個(gè)小型世界。8. on the contrary表示完全不贊

28、同某一說(shuō)法并提出與該說(shuō)法"正相反,恰恰相反"的事實(shí) by / in contrast用于表示兩個(gè)極不相同的事實(shí)之間的明顯差異,意為"與此形成對(duì)照；相比之下"Does it rain a lot in the desert? 沙漠里下雨多嗎？On the contrary, it hardly ever rains. 恰恰相反,那兒幾乎從不下雨。By/In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 相比之下,我們的石油用量增長(zhǎng)巨大。9. at the cost of 以(某物)為代價(jià),以犧牲某人的

29、生命為代價(jià) at the expense of由支付費(fèi)用,以(損害或損失)為代價(jià)He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life. 他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出來(lái)。His successful career was at the expense of his social life. 他成功的職業(yè)生涯是以犧牲社交生活為代價(jià)的。10. in the face of 面對(duì),縱然遭遇(困難、問(wèn)題等)而 in the presence of / in one's presence 某人在場(chǎng)的情況下,當(dāng)著某人的面 in front

30、of也可表示當(dāng)著某人的面They carry on smiling in the face of adversity. 面對(duì)逆境,他們?nèi)匀槐３治⑿Αe signed his name in the presence of two witnesses. 他當(dāng)著兩位證人的面簽下自己的名字。Don't talk about that in front of the children. 別當(dāng)著孩子的面談那件事情。(三)一些其他常用介詞短語(yǔ)1. 表示"簡(jiǎn)言之"in a / one word, in sum, in short, in brief2. 表示"總的來(lái)說(shuō)

31、,大體上"on the whole, in general3. 表示"事實(shí)上"in truth, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact4. 表示"有時(shí),間或"on and off, on occasions, once in a while, at times, from time to time5. 表示"偶然"by chance, by accident 6. 表示"突然"all at once, all of a sudden7. 表示"至多&qu

32、ot;at best, at most8. 表示"代替"instead of, in place of9. 表示"最后,終于"at last, at length, in the end, in time (最后,終于；及時(shí))10. 表示"究竟,到底"in the world, on earth11. 表示"從今以后"from now on, in future12. 表示"永久地"for ever (永遠(yuǎn)), for good (永久地,決定性地), once and for all (一勞永

33、逸地)13. 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)說(shuō)來(lái)in the long run14. 從短期來(lái)看,眼下in the short run以上我們介紹了一些大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)。在我們以后的學(xué)習(xí)中一定還會(huì)遇到很多其他的介詞短語(yǔ),希望同學(xué)們注意總結(jié),這對(duì)提高你們的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力定會(huì)大有裨益。牛刀小試I.選擇適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~短語(yǔ)填空。without question in the long runto itself regardless of at the expense of1. He succeeded in business _ his personal life.2. They obeyed me _.3. It deserves a paragraph _.4. This measure inevitably means higher