1、Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recog nition span or the visual span. The lengt

2、h of time of which the eyes stop -the duration of the fixation -varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunatel

3、y, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emp hasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to tra in the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For i

4、nstance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on eith er side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep py

5、ramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it ' one thing to improve a person ' ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to underst

6、and the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many exper ts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approac h whichtrains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him i n reading a continuous text.Q:1. The

7、time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts exceptA. one' sfamilia rity with the textB. one' spurpose in readingC. the length of a group of wordsD. lighting and tiredness2. The author may believe that reading .A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixatio

8、nB. requires a reader to see words more quicklyC. demands an deeply-participating mindD. demands more mind than eyes3 What does the author mean by saying “butit ' sne thing to improve a person' sib ility to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.

9、in the second parapraph?A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.B. The reading exercises mentioned can' Ihelp to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.C. The reading exercises mentioned can' Ihelp to improve an efficient reading.D. T

10、he reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one' sability to see words.4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.C. The emphasis on the purely visual

11、aspects is misleading.D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.5. The tune of the author in writing this article is A criticalB neutralC pessimisticD optimistic【答案及詳解】答案：CCCDA解題思路1 Co事實細節題。第一段提到了影響視幅的因素：不同的人，不同的閱讀目的，對材料的熟悉程度，光線，疲勞。 C'組詞的長度”不是能影響視幅的因素，是本題的答案。2 C。觀點態度題。作者在

12、第二段第二句提到，眼睛訓練課程只注重了閱讀的視覺因素。倒數第二句書哦，閱讀要求具備理解單詞間關系的能力。因此選項C閱讀需要大腦的深度參與”正確。作者沒有否定閱讀的視覺因素的必要性，但是也沒有說讀者應該練習拓寬視幅，加快閱讀速度。所以AB兩項都不正確。作者沒有對大腦和眼睛在閱讀過程中的重要性進行 對比，所以不選D3 Co作者在這句話中先是肯定了那些閱讀練習提高看單詞的能力，然后提出了有效閱讀概念。后面句中還指出，有效閱讀需要的是理解單詞間的聯系的能力。 所以作者的意思 應該是那些（訓練眼睛的）閱讀練習對與有效的閱讀無益。 B與文章相反。D句是蘊涵其中一 個意思，卻不是作者想表達的方向。4 Do第

13、二段最后一句說，眼睛訓練對于幫助讀者閱讀連貫文章無益，所以D是錯的，是本題答案。5 Ao參考前面的結構剖析，作者寫本文的主要目的是對那些只關注閱讀的視覺因素的閱讀能力課程進行批判，所以答案應該是AoPsychiatrists （精神病專家）who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing-older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their childr

14、en. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older pare nts find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents biggest, and often unspoken

15、, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, “ endup retiring m uch later. For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he' s also worried that his

16、 energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athl etic fifth grader, but he' searned that young at heart doesn ' m ean young. Lately he' bee n taking afternoon naps （午睡）to keep up his energy. "My body is aging, says Metcalf.“Youcan' get away from that.”Oft

17、en, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists w ho work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at.“Theyworry they ' be mistaken for grandparents, or that they ' need help getting up ou tofthose littlechairs in nurser

18、y school, says Joann Galst, aNew York psychologist. Butatthe core ofthose littlefears there is often a much biggerone: "thatthey won' tbe alive long enough to support and protect their child, she says.Many late-life parents,though, say their children came atjust theright time. After marryin

19、g late andundergoingyears of fertility （受孕）treatment,MarilynNolen and her hus band. Randy, had twins. "Weboth wanted children, says Marilyn, who was 55 when shegave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, “ asense of fa mily. "Kids of older dads are often smarte

20、r, happier and more sociable because their fathe rs are more involved in their lives. "Thedads are older, more mature, 'says Dr. Silber,“andmore ready to focus on parenting.”36. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?A) Older parents are often better prepared fina

21、ncially.B) Older parents can take better care of their children.C) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.D) Older parents can better balance their resources against children ' demands.37. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unob

22、tai nable dream” (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)?A) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.B) They can' obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.C) They can' tget full pension unless they work some extra years.D) They have to go on working beyond their retirement a

23、ge.38. The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that .A) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic childrenB) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced ageC) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodiesD) taking afternoon naps is a goo

24、d way to maintain energy39. What' sthe biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joa n Galst?A) Approaching of death.B) Slowing down of their pace of life.C) Being laughed at by other people.D) Being mistaken for grandparents.40. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy No

25、len?A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.B) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.C) Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.D) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.36. C 37. D 3

26、8. C 39.A 40. C(三)The political background of the atomic scientists' work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was held I think rightly that a Nazi victory would be an appalling (令人驚 駭的)disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be we ll advanced towar

27、ds making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did t hey would probably win the war. When the war was over, it was discovered, to the com plete astonishment of both American and British Scientists, that the Germans were nowher e near success, and, as everybody knows, the Germans wer

28、e defeated before any nuclear weapons had been made. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be bl amed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.When, however, the German war was finished the great majority of those scientists w ho had collaborated towa

29、rd making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used agai nst the Japanese, who were already on the verge of defeat and, in any case, did not cons titute such a threat to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent representations to t he American government advocating that, instead of using

30、 the bomb as a weapon of war, they should, after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of th e most famous of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as "the Franck Report"

31、; which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-s eeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent te rrors would have arisen.21. We may infer that the writer's attitude towards the A-bomb is that.A. it is absol

32、utely necessaryB. it is a terrible threat to the whole of mankindC. it played a vital part in defeating the JapaneseD. it was a wonderful invention22. The American and British scientists were astonished at the end of the Second W orld War against Germany because.A. the Germans had been defeated with

33、out the use of nuclear weaponsB. the Western countries had won before they had invented nuclear weaponsC. they thought the Germans would probably win the warD. the Germans had made little progress in developing nuclear weapons23. According to the writer, most scientists who had helped in making the

34、A-bomb c onsidered that it should not be used against the Japanese because.A. it was such a dangerous weaponB. its use against the Japanese was unnecessaryC. it was a very inhumane weaponD. the German war was finished24. The passage implies, but does not directly say, that the nuclear scientists.A.

35、might not have agreed to develop the bomb if there had been no Nazi threatB. would have developed the bomb even without the Nazi threatC. would have made the bomb, under peace-time conditions, but only for the use of an international authorityD. developed the bomb because Einstein thought it urgent

36、and necessary25. The main point in the second paragraph is.A. that nuclear weapons proved unnecessaryB. that the Franck Report, which recommended that the bomb should be placed in th e hands of an international authority, was rejectedC. that many scientists tried, unsuccessfully, to persuade the pol

37、iticians to abandon nu clear bombs, and place nuclear energy in the hands of an international authorityD. both A and C21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C（四）A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent

38、things to say to good peo ple.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in t he area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accou ntability （

39、責任感）.My job as a police pfficer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external contr ol on people's behavior is far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame an d embarrassment.Fortuna

40、tely there are still communities smaller towns, usually where schools maintai n discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim:"In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done!"Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and suburbs, these inner

41、 restraints a re loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he ta kes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the

42、victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it's the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the s chool that didn't teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral gui dance, by the parents who didn't provide a stable home.I don't b

43、elieve it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.Americans desperately need more people who bel

44、ieve that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.21. What the wise man said suggests that.A. it's certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itB. it's unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilC. it's only natural for virtue to defea

45、t evilD. it's desirable for good men to keep away from evil22. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, A. society is to be held responsibleB. modern civilization is responsible for itC. the standards of living should be improvedD. the criminal himself should bear the bla

46、me23. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have A. better sense of discipline B. more mutual respect C. less effective government D. less self-discipline24. The writer is sorry to have noticed thatA. people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB. people in small towns still

47、stick to old discipline and standardsC. today's society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD. people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities25. The key point of the passage is thatA. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB. more good exampl

48、es should be set for people to followC. more people should accept the value of accountabilityD. more restrictions should be imposed on people21. A 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. C（五）As a company executive（總經理）who spent ten years in federal service, I am often asked what I regard as the biggest difference bet

49、ween working for the government and working for a private company. My invariable response is to say that I look back on my time in government as one of the most exciting and challenging experiences of my life. Furtherm ore, I never worked as hard as when I was a public servant.When I worked for the

50、government, I worked with some of the finest, most compete nt and most committed people I have ever met. I was impressed by the overall quality of our career civil servants then, and I still am. But one of my greatest concerns now is th at I will not be able to hold this same high opinion in the fut

51、ure.Career public servants are leaving government in alarming numbers, and qualified repl acements are becoming harder and harder to find. Good people who leave career governm ent service are striving for highly paid positions in private enterprises.We depend on government to keep this country safe in an uncertain world, to secure justice and domestic order and to solve a host of pressing problems. We need the best p ossible people performing and overse