1、一、詞性1. China Bob apple people air advice2. discuss arrive be, keep, seem, feel, become, prove, do/does/did, have/has/had, can , may 3. afraid, asleep, ashamed, difficult, healthy, surprised, surprising 4. now, here, really, very, hardly, when, 5. in, on, at, after, since, across, through, beside, ex

2、cept, between, among with, by, in 6. a, an, the 7. and, but, or, so, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, that, whether, if, what, who, when, where, why, how, although, because, as,8. I, me, my, mine, myself, this / that / these / those what / which / who / whose something, anybody, nothing, ever

3、ything, many/much each / every a few / few / a little / little other / others / another 9. one second hundred thousand million three quarters three percent 10. oh, hello, hi, yeah二、句子成分句子是由詞按照語法規(guī)則構(gòu)成的，表示一個完整的意思。句子的第一個字母必須大寫，句子的末尾必須有標(biāo)點。句子的各個組成部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分主要有八種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、表語和同位語。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分

4、；表語、賓語和補語是謂語的組成部分；其他成分如定語和狀語是句子的次要部分。(一) 主語1. Friends are of great importance to us.2. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.3. One third of the students in this class are girls.4. The rich should help the poor.5. Watching TV too much is harmful to our eyes.6. To see is to believe. 7. W

5、hat is well-known to us is that the earth is round.8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.9. It is kind of you to help me with my English.10. It is well-known that the moon travels around the earth.11. There is a book and two pens on the desk.12. Only then did I realize the importance of knowledge.K

6、eep quiet, please. (二)、謂語1. She arrived yesterday.2. She reached the hotel last night. 3. She goes to school every day.4. The soup tastes delicious.5. We must listen to the teacher carefully.6. He has caught a bad cold.第一組1. He _(run) every day.2. He _(run) yesterday.3. He _(run) tomorrow.4. Look! H

7、e _(run) now.5. He _(run) at 3 oclock yesterday afternoon.6. He _(run) for half an hour.7. The bus _(leave) when we got to the station.第二組1. The classroom _(clean) by us every day.2. The classroom _(clean) by us yesterday.3. The classroom _(clean) by us tomorrow.4. The classroom _(clean) by us now.5

8、. The classroom _(clean) at this moment last night.6. The classroom _(clean) by us already.7. The classroom _(clean) when the t(三) 表語1. He becomes a doctor.2. It is mine.3. Three times seven is twenty-one.4. My computer must be out of order.5. The weather gets hotter and hotter.6. Time is up. The cl

9、ass is over7 My hobby is jogging.8. The lecture is inspiring. / We are inspired by the lecture.9 My dream is to become an engineer.10. The reason is that he was caught in the traffic jam.（四）賓語1. I am fond of books.2. He didnt say anything. 3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.4. I e

10、njoy listening to pop music.5. He forgot to lock the door.6. I think that you are fit for the job.7. We find it important to learn English well.8. My new computer gave me a lot of trouble.(五) 賓語補足語1. They call me Lily.2. We found the question difficult.3. Let the fresh air in.4. I found everything i

11、n the lab in good order.5. We saw her entering the room.6. Our teachers always encourage us to take part in more activities.7. I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.8. What he said made me feel sad.9. I was made to retell the story.10. With time going by, he finally understood his parents.(六) 定語1. Cho

12、ngqing is a beautiful city. / I have something interesting to tell you.2. Her cousin is an athlete.3. There are many apple trees on the island. / There are thirty men teachers in our school.4. Three thousand people watched the football match.5 The buildings there were badly damaged.6 The books on th

13、e desk were just bought. / He is reading an article about how to keep fit.7. The boy playing basketball is my brother.8. He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave in our class.9. The question being discussed now is important.10. The question discussed yesterday is important.11. The ques

14、tion to be discussed tomorrow is important.12. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(七) 狀語1. Dont drive so fast. 2. Im terribly sorry to hear that you are ill.3. Unfortunately, he had a car accident last month.4. I have lived in Chongqing for ten years.5. We got together, singing and

15、 dancing.6. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.7. Ill make great efforts to enter a key university.8. When he came, I was watching TV.(八) 同位語1. Taylor Swift, a popular singer, is loved by many people. 2.The news that he has been admitted by Tsinghua University made us proud and

16、excited.成分詞性位置1. 主語n. pron. num. doing/to do, 從句1. 通常放在句子開頭，謂語動詞之前2. 謂語v.2. 通常位于主語之后3. 表語n. pron. num. adj. adv. 介詞短語, doing/to do/done, 從句3. 系動詞之后4. 賓語n. pron. num. doing/to do, 從句4. 及物動詞，介詞之后，構(gòu)成動賓，介賓5. 賓語補足語n. adj. adv. 介詞短語 doing/to do/ done5. 通常放在賓語之后6. 定語n. pron. num. adj. adv. 介詞短語 doing/ to d

17、o / done 從句 6. 被修飾名詞、代詞之前或之后7. 狀語adv. 介詞短語doing/ to do/ done從句7. 句首，句中，句末8. 同位語按結(jié)構(gòu)，句子可分為三類：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。一. 簡單句（一）. 定義：由一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)構(gòu)成的句子叫簡單句。（二）五種基本句型：1.主語+謂語(vi.) 2.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語 3.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語+賓語補足語 4.主語+謂語(vt.)+間接賓語+直接賓語 5.主語+系動詞+表語 翻譯： 1. 他(剛剛)到了。 _ just now. 2. (下個星期)他們將要參觀博物館。_ next

18、 week. 3. 這則消息讓我傷心。 _ 4. 他借給我一本字典。 _ 5. 門是關(guān)著的。 _二 并列句(一) 定義：由兩個或兩個并列而又獨立的簡單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。(二) 常見的并列連詞:_ (not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor)用恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞合并句子1. He helps me _ I help him.2. She looks very young _ she is already in her 30s.3. It never rains _ it pours.4. I was ill _ I didnt g

19、o to work yesterday.5. Work hard _ youll succeed.6. Hurry up, _ youll be late.三. 復(fù)合句(一)定義：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句中的主句表示句子的主要意思，從句不能獨立存在，它從屬于主句，充當(dāng)句子的某一個或某一些成分。(二) 分類：a. 名詞性從句-主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句b. 形容性詞從句-定語從句c. 副詞性從句-狀語從句劃出下列句子中的從句1. God helps those who help themselves.2. What he said is true.

20、3. I dont know whether Ill pass the exam or not.4. The reason for his being late is that he had a car accident.5. The news that well have three days off make us excited.6. If it rains tomorrow, Ill stay at home.語法填空1. Great_(change) have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years.2. _(surf)

21、the Internet is a relaxing way.3. I think that _(play) computer games is more harm than good.4. It is a waste of time _ (talk) to him.5. It is kind of you _(give) a hand to me when Im in trouble.6. It took me half an hour _(go) to school.7. Yangshuo _(be) really beautiful.8. A boy on a bike _(catch)

22、 my attention.9. It was raining heavily when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo.10. It is the most instructive lecture that I _(attend) since I came to this school.11. All visitors to this village _ _ (treat) with kindness.12. This coastal area _(name) a national wildlife reserve last year.13. If more time_(gi

23、ve) to me, the problem will be worked out.14. He wants _(become) a translator after his graduation.15. Bob refused _(apologize) to the man.16. What he said is _(surprise).17. Mary is always the first one _(come) to the classroom.18. I explained again to make myself _(understand). Recognizing what yo

24、ur bad eating habits are is of great _(important) in correcting the behavior.14. Im _(extreme) happy to meet you here.I am familiar _ most popular kinds of software.b. _ my opinion, the best choice is a good major at a good university.c. On weekends I like to get my mind off my work _ reading good b

25、ooks.Now, years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.b. I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gunman wearing a mask.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months.I was about to go out _ it rained outside.After practising a

26、lot, I found _ easier for me to get a good grade.Would you mind my _(open) the window?_(fortune), I missed the last bus last night.15. He set off for work an hour before. 16. 17. 27. 28. 29. 30. He likes sports, but I like music. 31. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital

27、 since they are ill. 32. There are a chair and some desks in the room.33. Collecting stamps need a lot of money.34. The old likes to look back upon the old days.35. Those who wants to come raise your hands please. 36. 37. He drove too fast, and the police stopped her and handed him a ticket.43. The

28、air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.44. 47.The novel is very worth reading.48. Im very excited that I ran home immediately.49. Im very busy to complete the task on time.50. The policeman caught the thief by his arm.單句改錯1. My school is about ten mile away fro

29、m my home.2. There are many cattles on the farm. 3. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters. 4. I need some more informations. 5. Tom had worked in the library every night over the last three months. 6. Anyone my borrow books and it cost nothing to borrow them.7. I remembered her wor

30、ds and calm down. I did a good job and won the first prize.8. The computer is being repairing now. 9. When I got home , I found my house had broken into. 10. Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978.11. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit. 12.