1、本科生畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)題目：湯姆索亞的人物性格分析 洛可可 指導(dǎo)教師： 文妙 所在學(xué)院： 外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 專(zhuān)業(yè)（系）： 英語(yǔ)教育 班級(jí)（屆）： 2013屆 完成日期2013 年 5 月 6 日An Analysis on the Character of Tom SawyerBYYu HaixiaSu Wenmiao, TutorA Thesis Submitted to Department of EnglishLanguage and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A. in En

2、glishAt HebeiNormalUniversityMay 6th, 201327 / 33AbstractAs one of Mark Twains representative works, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is an 1876 novel about a young boy, Tom Sawyer, growing up along the Mississippi River. Since the book was published, it is greatly reviewed by thousa

3、nds of Americans, both children and grown-ups, as this novel is not solely a description of children, but also a symbol of the authors ironic attitude to the hypocritical of the adult world.Undoubtedly, Tom is a clever, playful, and adventurous child.He dares to fight with the social rules, the adul

4、ts authorityand hypocrisy. He never stops making efforts to get free and live in his own way. The reason why people worship Tom Sawyer from generation to generation is that peoples dream for freedom and goodness never die easily. His character has a unique charm.But based on precious research ,this

5、paper probes into the analysis of Tom Sawyers character in three aspects, namely, innocence and romance, wit and leadership, rebellion and heroism, all of which shapes Tom Sawyers unique charm.Key words: child; character; analysis; charm摘要作為馬克吐溫的代表作品之一，湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記是一部關(guān)于一個(gè)生長(zhǎng)在密西西比河畔的小男孩，湯姆索亞的小說(shuō)。這部作品一問(wèn)世，就受到

6、成千上萬(wàn)美國(guó)讀者的關(guān)注，不光孩子們喜歡，成年人也不例外。因?yàn)檫@不僅僅是一部?jī)和x本，更是作者從一個(gè)孩子的角度，對(duì)虛偽的大人世界的諷刺。無(wú)疑，湯姆是一個(gè)聰明淘氣敢于冒險(xiǎn)的孩子。他敢于和現(xiàn)有的社會(huì)規(guī)則，大人世界的權(quán)威和偽善作斗爭(zhēng)。他從來(lái)沒(méi)有停止過(guò)對(duì)自由的追求的努力。之所以湯姆索亞受到許多人的佩服在于人們對(duì)于自由和善良的渴望沒(méi)有消失。他的性格有著獨(dú)特的魅力。基于之前學(xué)者的研究，本文從性格方面著手，分三個(gè)章節(jié)來(lái)分析出湯姆·索亞的性格，分別是天真浪漫、聰明機(jī)智、叛逆勇敢，這三方面的性格特點(diǎn)使得湯姆·索亞極具個(gè)人魅力。關(guān)鍵詞：兒童 性格 分析 魅力Table of ContentsIn

7、troduction.1Chapter1Tom Sawyers Innocence and Romance.5A. Tom Sawyers Innocence.5B. Tom Sawyers Romance.8Chapter 2 Tom Sawyers Wit and Leadership.10A. Tom Sawyers Wit.10B. Tom Sawyers Leadership.12Chapter 3 Tom Sawyers Rebellion and Heroism. 14A. Tom Sawyers Rebellion.14B. Tom Sawyers Heroism.17Conc

8、lusion.19Notes.21Bibliography .22IntroductionSamuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 April 21, 1910), well known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author, humoristand outstanding representative of realism. The Adventures of Tom Sawyerwas finished in 1876 when the United States ended th

9、e Civil War. The nation had thousands of things to do to rebuild their country; people were inspired to try their best to create a new country.At the same time, President Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. Emancipation Proclamation made the Negro slaves free from the oppression of Cap

10、italists. The traditional economic model was corrupting, and doomed to be replaced by Capitalism coming from the North. People in this country all lived with new hopes.Tom Sawyer, a naughty and brave boy, soon become one of the well-known characters through American literary history. In writing abou

11、t childhood experiences, Mark Twain shows the trustworthiness of the heart as seen in children, the pleasure of rural American as seen through childrens eyes, the moral decline that could accompany growing up and the sense of loss when childhood is gone. If Mark Twain does not criticize the social d

12、irectly as a theorist, the fact more effective in that he shows a genuine hatred for social maturation, societys hypocrisy, authority, and illiberality in the big society background through his skilled use of humor. He is relentless with his humor in exposing the importance of religious teaching in

13、the face of temptation and the iniquity of slavery. In sum, Mark Twains assault of the hypocrisy in the adult world shows that he always keepschildrensInnocence and goodnessin his heart. However, Mark Twain is not a good romanticist because he knows that child-like innocence and goodness is not exis

14、tsin the realworld. The innocent character built by Mark Twain always aims toirony the hypocrisy in the adult world. As an ironist, Mark Twain allows us to see the adult through the eyes of a child, and to see the child through the adults perspective. His greatest gift is therefore his multidimensio

15、nal understandingof innocence. This understanding of innocence in Mark Twain has been deeply extended to Americans encountering Europe. In much encounters, the irony of “innocence” mocks both the American naivety and the European pretentiousness. America and Europe take on the same ironic dynamisms

16、that involve a child and an adult.So far, there have been many writers or literary lovers studiedMark Twain'sThe adventures of Tom Sawyer. Either writers, literary enthusiasts, or the ordinary readers, are impressed by Tom. On Tom's personality everyone has different interpretation and analy

17、sis. No matter what kind of interpretation and analysis, undoubtedly, Tom is a clever, playful, adventurous child. The adventures of Tom Sawyer is so welcome, because Tom's character has a unique charm. Liu Xiaodan said that Tom is full of fantasy and adventure, not willing to endure the individ

18、uality, boring life,hope to do a heroic career, give readers a deep impression. He overcomes fear to save the innocent people. Therefore, he became a little hero in people heart. Tom is a collection of multiple roles. He epitomized the wisdom, strategy, justice, courage and leadership. The story of

19、Tom, foldAuthor Mark Twin from childhood personality - rebellious, lively, active, machineSpirit. This is not just a description of a child, the child can see the agencyWill defects - backward in education system, education method to the extreme and pedantic, onthe children caused harm to the soul.

20、But Tom's move, it reflects the social Background, with a new generation of or the man with a new idea to the social system challengesthe positive significance, it makes the society full of hope. Wang Disheng said that He is not a good child in adults' heart. He knows what the real good chil

21、dren like, and hatethe real good children. In the novel, he made a lot of mistakes those good children are notwilling to make. He stole, lie, truancy and even fight. All behavior shows that he is a bad boy in adults heart. But readers like him very much. Tom played a bad boy, but he is not really a

22、bad boy. After he went missing, his aunt who isusuallyvery strict with him saidhe is not really bad, he just was too naughty.He is only a child, he was not to blame. Indeed, he did not do real bad things, his behavior was completely normal .He also did some good, and became a hero in people heart. W

23、u Juan said that under the pen of Mark Twin,Tom Soya is so lively and lovely. He is notonly in the minds of the people of the United States, and across the border, across the ocean, as the worldschildren's partner, the world's peoples love son. Almost everyone canfind the same with your drea

24、m picture from Tom's story. Tom Soya is not only a multifaceted character, but also a fairy in peoples dream of childhood. Tom is one of American literature history the most mischievous child image. He is innocent and lively, clever and sensible, mischievous, and full of fantasy. He stole, lie,

25、truancy and even fight. Aunt Polly said I have never seen morenaughty children than him. After The adventures of Tom Sawyer published,Tom wasknown as one of the most famous urchin image in the literaturehistory. Lu Huiping said that Tom Soya is a very attractive young boy, not simply as a good boy o

26、r a bad boy. He was "good and evil" image. He is naughty, but also has developed into normal adults heart. Not everyone will like Tom so naughty, but read the book, everyone hopes that he is Tom sawyer. This is the nature of human beings: desire romance, adventure and freedom life. For pra

27、ctical reasons, people hide their nature. When reading the novel, human nature is recovered. So, Tom has caught the world's sympathy.Tom longed for freedom, his desire for hoping to climb the fence is very lovely, in fact, the fence itself represents the shackles, the fetters of his spiritual sh

28、ackles. Even if Tom did not want to go out, but when he saw the fence, he had the idea to over it. Everyone longs for freedom,Tom's desire for liberty reflects the human instinct .Shi Lanhua said that He is an ordinary boy,have a unique personality. Tom's first experience is to fight with hi

29、s aunt battle of wits, he always made mistakes to let aunt poly angry. Even though he always makes troubles,fortunately, he always can escape punishment. This behavior also shows his mature. Tom is a romantic person,at the same time is also a thoughtful young man. In order not to let the girl be pun

30、ished, He is willing to replace her. His care ofBeckyalso proved this point. In general, Tom is not a bad child,instead, he became a hero in the hearts of the people. Hissmart, honestpassionate and have some superstitious all represent the typical American childrenPersonality characteristics. His re

31、bellion is the inevitable result of the civil war .His rebellion is the general children dare not do. So his image has eternal charm in the history of American Literature.Based on the above research scholars,we found that Tom has a multiple personality. However, previous studies was not very good fo

32、r the Toms character classification. His character has many characteristics, such as innocent ,romance,clever rebellion and so on. Therefore, if we want to know the deep meaning of Tom's character, we still need more effort.This paper dedicates to analyze Tom Sawyers character in three aspects,

33、namely, innocence and romance, wit and leadership, and rebellion and heroism. Among those characters, no matter innocence or rebellion, Mark Twain aims at nothing but describing Toms eagerness for freedom. To Mark Twain, rebellion is not to blame, because everyone has a rebellious side, especially a

34、dolescent children. The hypocrisy and dark of adult world, forced children became more rebellious Tom is a fighter, and his enemy is the complicated adult world. Tom is restrained by the social rules; he is tired and even feels hard to breathe. He performs impolitely in the Sunday school, he dislike

35、s the teacher, and never has been able to recite a few lines of The Bible, he seldom listen to what Aunt Polly asks him to do, and always walks on the road with his feet naked. Inadults eyes, he is not a good boy.Tom Sawyers individuality is interesting. He wants to do everything in his own way, whi

36、ch is quite different from what is supposed to be, but somewhat similar to the knight novel. He admires pirate very much. This is understandable if we pay attention to the difference between the life of a pirate and a child, especially when the child has little freedom in choosing his lifestyle. Any

37、how, Tom Sawyer is a toughand persistent boy. He dares to fight with the social rules, the adults authorityand hypocrisy. He never stops making efforts to get free and live in his own way.The reason why people worship Tom Sawyer from generation to generation is that peoples dream for freedom and goo

38、dness never die easily.Chapter 1 Tom Sawyers Innocence and RomanceLike every child, Tom Sawyer is innocent and carefree. Also like every child, He has a good, pure, andclean world in his heart. Mark Twain puts emphasize on describing his innocence and romance. He did is innocence, even he can do not

39、hing but to play in adults eyes. However, his innocence is full of romance.A. Tom Sawyers InnocenceThe world in childrens eyes is pure and simple. They always explain the things happened around them with their innocent mind, and they think with their unique simplicity. In this novel, Mark Twain has

40、skillfully shaped Tom Sawyer as a standard bad boy, one who owns the traits that can be seen in the other average kids. Whatever situation Tom meets, he can successfully solve them by his own means.Generally, children indulge themselves in playing games, which is true for both boys and girls. In the

41、ir opinion, there is nothing in the world that is more attractive and exciting than being allowed to play as long as they possibly can. Tom Sawyer owns various kinds of toys, and he takes much pride in showing his wealth in front of his pals. He prepares for exchange whenever he finds there is somet

42、hing better than he has on hand. One Saturday morning，Aunt Polly orders Tom to whitewash the board fence which stretches for almost thirty yards. This is a hard punishment for Toms naughty behavior happened the day before. He thought the task almost impossible for him. Moreover, his friends would be

43、 crazy to make fun of him, and this thought of it burnt him like fire.“He got out his worldly wealth and examined itbits of toys,marbles,and trash; enough to buy an exchange of work, maybe ,but not half enough to buy so much as half an hour of pure freedom.” 1He signs to Jim, a little slave, with a

44、tin pail. Jim knows that Toms most hateful work is to bring water from the town pump before. However, at this time, he would like to try to make a deal with him. He says that he will fetch the water ifJim will whitewash some. However, Jim refuses Toms proposal, becauseAunt Poly has already told him

45、that he must do his job by his own and leave Tom away. Tom fails in this exchange, after he wants totry to persuade Jim again .Then he begins to tempt Jim with his toy, which would be a big lure to Jim. He tells Jim his bargaining chip is a white alley, whats more, he will show Jim his sore toe, whi

46、ch is truly a powerful attraction for Jim. The deal is done, only if Aunt Polly does not notice. “In another moment he was flying down the street with his pail and a tingling rear, Tom was whitewashing with vigor, and Aunt Polly was retiring from the field with a slipper in her hand and triumph in h

47、er eye.”（P308）To/8ms reaction against Aunt Pollys punishment perfectly shows his innocence, eagerness for freedom, and loveliness. Mark Twain describes the childrens innocent and pure inner world from the adults viewpoint, and makes us recall our childhood where no hypocrite exists. In this novel, T

48、om Sawyers ability of making himself happy is impressive. Anything can become his toys, such as stone, tooth, frog, and even a tick. In a sleepy noon, the air is dead, and no wind outside. Tom feels deserted, then his hands search for a box in his pocket, he opens the box, there is a tick inside. To

49、m sets the tick free, and the tick begins to move around the desk. Toms bosom friend, Joe Harper, feels like just as the same. He is desperately eager to join Toms entertainment. Tom allowsJoe to join in theentertainment, and he then draws a line in the middle of the desk, which means they will play

50、 it in sequence. Tom says: “as long as he is on your side you can stir him up and Ill let him alone; but if you let him get away and get on my side, youre too alone as long as I can keep him from crossing over.”(P362)Tom makes this rule to guide their entertainment. However, the game goes out of the

51、ir prediction, because the tick does not run cross the line to Toms side. By and by, Tom sits there angrily, as the tick remains at JoeHarbors desk. He glowers at Joe having a lot of fun and he could do nothing but watching what is happening. In the end, Tom breaks the rule and fight against Joe. “A

52、 tremendous whack came down on Toms shoulders and its duplicate on Joes; and for the space of two minutes the dust continued to fly from the two jackets and the whole school to enjoy it.”(P363)It is very difficult to describe childrensbehavior so vividly from the adult perspective, but Mark Twain ha

53、s done it well. In thestory Tom fights against his bosom friend, we can realize that the friendship is quite different for children when comparing with the adult friendship. What makes the childrens friendship tight is they can share the happiness. When it is impossible for them to share fun, the fr

54、iendship will break up. In this regard, Mark Twain expresses his desire for true, pure friendship. But this relationship may not exist in the adult world, as adults are hypocritical and snobbish, even some of them are trained to be, and the rests are forced to be.B. Tom Sawyers RomanceEvery adult ha

55、s his own memory of childhood. And every adult has his own way of romance.Such as, the first time to see a girl ,the first time to talk with the girl he liked, even the first time to kiss . All of this is unforgettable and romance.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain managers his delicate pen well to delineate Toms romance with Becky Thatcher, a beautiful girl who attracts Tom at their first encounter. Tom immediately falls in love with her and he forgets Amy Lawrence, with whom Tom makes engagement before. After Tom finishes his whitewa