1、比爾蓋茨在哈佛大學畢業典禮上的演講President Bk, frmer President Rudenstine, incming President Faust, members f the Harvard Crpratin and the Bard f verseers, members f the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates: Ive been waiting mre than 30 years t say this: “Dad, I always tld yu Id cme back and get my degre

2、e.”尊敬的博克校長，前校長魯登斯坦，即將上任的佛斯特校長，哈佛集團和監察理事會的各位成員。各位老師，各位家長，各位同學：有句話我憋了30年，今天最終能一吐為快了：“爸 我沒騙你吧，文憑到手了!”I want t thank Harvard fr this timely hnr. Ill be changing my jb net year and it will be nice t finally have a cllege degree n my reacute;sumeacute;.我由衷地感謝哈佛這個時候給我這個榮譽。明年我要換工作(退休)。我最終能在簡歷里注明自己有大學學歷了。I a

3、pplaud the graduates tday fr taking a much mre direct rute t yur degrees. Fr my part, Im just happy that the Crimsn has called me “Harvards mst successful drput.” I guess that makes me valedictrian f my wn special class I did the best f everyne wh failed.我要恭喜今年的畢業生們，因為你們畢業比我順利多了。其實我倒是很樂意克萊姆森把我喚作“哈佛大

4、學最成功的輟學生”。這大概是我脫穎而出的法寶我是輟學生中的領頭羊。But I als want t be recgnized as the guy wh gt Steve Ballmer t drp ut f business schl. Im a bad influence. Thats why I was invited t speak at yur graduatin. If I had spken at yur rientatin, fewer f yu might be here tday.我還要檢討一下史蒂夫-鮑爾默也是受我惑從商學院退學。我劣跡斑斑。這就是為什么我會受邀參加畢業演

5、講。如果是開學典禮，恐怕今天的人會少很多。Harvard was just a phenmenal eperience fr me. Academic life was fascinating. I used t sit in n lts f classes I hadnt even signed up fr. And drm life was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier Huse. There were always lts f peple in my drm rm late at night discussing things

6、, because everyne knew I didnt wrry abut getting up in the mrning. Thats hw I came t be the leader f the antiscial grup. We clung t each ther as a way f validating ur rejectin f all thse scial peple.哈佛是我生命里的一段非凡經歷。校園生活格外充實，我旁聽過很多沒有選過的課程。住宿的日子也很爽我當時住在拉德克利夫的柯里爾宿舍，總是很多人在我的寢室討論到深夜。大家知道我屬于夜行動物。就這樣，我成為了這堆

7、人的頭目。我們粘在一起，擺出拒絕社交的姿態。Radcliffe was a great place t live. There were mre wmen up there, and mst f the guys were science-math types. That cmbinatin ffered me the best dds, if yu knw what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lessn that imprving yur dds desnt guarantee success.拉德克利夫是個好地方。那里的女生比男生多，男

8、生們大多都是科學怪人。所以我的機會來了，你懂的。可同時我也明白了一個道理機會大也不能保證成功。ne f my biggest memries f Harvard came in January 1975, When I made a call frm Currier Huse t a cmpany in Albuquerque that had begun making the wrlds first persnal cmputers. I ffered t sell them sftware.1975年某月在哈佛打出的一通電話讓我畢生難忘。我打給位于阿爾伯克基的一個公司，那家公司當時著手制造

9、世界上第一臺個人電腦。我說我想出售軟件給他們。I wrried that they wuld realize I was just a student in a drm and hang up n me. Instead they said: “Were nt qe see us in a mnth,” which was a gd thing, because we hadnt written the sftware yet. Frm that mment, I wrked day and night n this little etra credit prject that marked

10、the end f my cllege educatin and the beginning f a remarkable jurney with Micrsft.我擔心他們會因為我學生身份而掛掉電話。但他們只是說：“現在還沒有準備好 請一個月后再聯系我們。”我長舒一口氣，壓根我們就沒開工。從那時起 我不分晝夜地趕工 它是我大學生活結束的標志，也是微軟偉大旅程的開始。What I remember abve all abut Harvard was being in the midst f s much energy and intelligence. It culd be ehilarati

11、ng, intimidating, smetimes even discuraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege and thugh I left early, I was transfrmed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I wrked n.哈佛的獨特氛圍讓我充滿精力和智慧。這里的日子可能振奮快樂、也可能令人退縮沮喪，但永遠充滿了挑戰，神奇的體驗!雖然我提前離開了這里，但是這段經歷對我影響重大。But taking a

12、 serius lk back I d have ne big regret.不過說心里話我確實有一點遺憾。I left Harvard with n real awareness f the awful inequities in the wrld - the appalling disparities f health, and wealth, and pprtunity that cndemn millins f peple t lives f despair.我離開哈佛時，根本沒有意識到這個世界是多么地不平等。健康、財富、機遇差異懸殊，數以百萬計的人生活在絕望之中。I learned

13、a lt here at Harvard abut new ideas in ecnmics and plitics. I gt great epsure t the advances being made in the sciences.我在哈佛觸摸著經濟政治中的新思想，探索科學技術的未知前沿。But humanitys greatest advances are nt in its discveries ndash; but in hw thse discveries are applied t reduce inequity. Whether thrugh demcracy, strng

14、 public educatin, quality health care, r brad ecnmic pprtunity ndash; reducing inequity is the highest human achievement.但是，人類的進步不在于這些新發現，而在于如何運用這些發現減少社會不公。不管是通過民主政策、健全的公共教育、高質量的醫療保健還是廣泛的商機，消除不平等始終是人類最大的目標。I left campus knwing little abut the millins f yung peple cheated ut f educatinal pprtunities

15、here in this cuntry. And I knew nthing abut the millins f peple living in unspeakable pverty and disease in develping cuntries. It tk me decades t find ut.離開校園的時候，根本不知道在美國上百萬年輕人沒有接受教育的機會。也對發展中國家被貧困和病痛折磨的人們一無所知。我花了幾十年才明白這些事情。Yu graduates came t Harvard at a different time. Yu knw mre abut the wrlds i

16、nequities than the classes that came befre. In yur years here, I hpe yuve had a chance t think abut hw ndash; in this age f accelerating technlgy ndash; we can finally take n these inequities, and we can slve them.如今，在座的各位應該比我更了解世界上的這些不平等現象。在你們的求學之路上我希望你們已經思考過這個問題如何在這個高速發展的時代解決不平等現象。Imagine, just fr

17、 the sake f discussin, that yu had a few hurs a week and a few dllars a mnth t dnate t a cause and yu wanted t spend that time and mney where it wuld have the greatest impact in saving and imprving lives. Where wuld yu spend it?試想一下如果你每周捐出幾個小時，幾塊錢，來參與一項能夠拯救生命和提高生活品質的項目，你會如何選擇?Fr Melinda and fr me, t

18、he challenge is the same: hw can we d the mst gd fr the greatest number with the resurces we have.我和妻子梅琳達就面臨著這樣一個問題：怎樣才能充分利用我們擁有的資源。During ur discussins n this questin, Melinda and I read an article abut the millins f children wh were dying every year in pr cuntries frm diseases that we had lng ag m

19、ade harmless in this cuntry. Measles, malaria, pneumnia, hepatitis B, yellw fever. ne disease I had never even heard f, rtavirus, was killing half a millin kids each year- nne f them in the United States.舉棋不定時我們讀到一篇文章，文章里說在貧困的國家里，每年有數百萬，兒童死于于美國早已戰勝的疾病麻疹、瘧疾、肺炎、乙肝、黃熱病，還有一種從未聽說的輪狀病毒每年會奪走五十萬兒童的生命，而在美國沒有

20、一例死亡病例。We were shcked. We had just assumed that if millins f children were dying and they culd be saved, the wrld wuld make it a pririty t discver and deliver the medicines t save them. But it did nt. Fr under a dllar, there were interventins that culd save lives that just werent being delivered.當時我

21、們就震驚了。我以為全世界會不遺余力地拯救這些在死亡線上掙扎的兒童們，然而這些不值錢的救命藥卻沒有送到他們手中。If yu believe that every life has equal value, its revlting t learn that sme lives are seen as wrth saving and thers are nt. We said t urselves: “This cant be true. But if it is true, it deserves t be the pririty f ur giving.”如果你堅信人生而平等，把生命分等級的做

22、法簡直令人發指。我們對自己說：“這絕不可能。但萬一這是真的，那么這將成為我們慈善事業的首要任務。S we began ur wrk in the same way anyne here wuld begin it. We asked: “Hw culd the wrld let these children die?”于是我們開始行動了 我相信這也會是你們的選擇。我們疑惑：“這個世界怎么可以眼睜睜看著這些孩子死去?”The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did nt reward saving the lives f these childre

23、n, and gvernments did nt subsidize it. S the children died because their mthers and their fathers had n pwer in the market and n vice in the system. But yu and I have bth. We can make market frces wrk better fr the pr if we can develp a mre creative capitalism.答案簡單卻殘酷。市場經濟中，拯救兒童沒有利潤，政府也不會給予補貼。父母無財無權

24、 孩子們就死了。我們不一樣，我們可以讓市場更好地為窮人服務，如果我們可以改進現有資本主義制度。If we can stretch the reach f market frces s that mre peple can make a prfit, r at least make a living, serving peple wh are suffering frm the wrst inequities. We als can press gvernments arund the wrld t spend tapayer mney in ways that better reflect t

25、he values f the peple wh pay the taes.改善市場環境，讓更多的人賺到錢、維持生計，緩解苦難。給世界各地的政府施壓 讓他們把納稅人的錢花到最值得的地方。采取一些既滿足滿足窮人的需求，又能帶來商業利潤并為政治家帶來選票的措施。If we can find appraches that meet the needs f the pr in ways that generate prfits fr business and vtes fr pliticians, we will have fund a sustainable way t reduce inequit

26、y in the wrld.This task is pen-ended. It can never be finished. But a cnscius effrt t answer this challenge will change the wrld.采取一些既滿足滿足窮人的需求，又能帶來商業利潤并為政治家帶來選票的措施，我們就摸索到了減少世界不平等的可持續發展道路。然而這項任務并沒有終點，我們也許無法徹底解決。但只要不懈努力，就可以改變世界。I am ptimistic that we can d this, but I talk t skeptics wh claim there i

27、s n hpe. They say: “Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end ndash; because peple just dnt care.” I cmpletely disagree.我始終保持樂觀。但也聽到過消極的言論。他們認為：“這種不平等現象會伴隨我們一生，因為人們漠視這一切。”但我不茍同。I believe we have mre caring than we knw what t d with. All f us here in this Yard, a

28、t ne time r anther, have seen human tragedies that brke ur hearts, and yet we did nthing, nt because we didnt care, but because we didnt knw what t d. If we had knwn hw t help, we wuld have acted.雖然我們不知道該如何幫助他們，但我們絕對有這份心。我們都有過這樣的經歷，看到令人心碎的悲劇，卻沒有伸出援手。不是因為冷漠 而是我們不知道該怎么做。如果我們知道如何去幫，就一定會采取行動。The barrier

29、 t change is nt t little caring; it is t much cmpleity. T turn caring int actin, we need t see a prblem, see a slutin, and see the impact. But cmpleity blcks all three steps.阻礙援助步伐的并非冷漠，而是世界太復雜。要把愛心轉變為行動，我們首先要發掘問題，然后尋找解決方案，并且監測效果。然而世界的復雜性阻礙著這些步驟的實施。Even with the advent f the Internet and 24-hur news

30、, it is still a cmple enterprise t get peple t truly see the prblems. When an airplane crashes, fficials immediately call a press cnference. They prmise t investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.即使有了互聯網和24小時不間斷的新聞，人們仍然很難看到真正的問題。一架飛機發生墜毀事故，官員們會立刻召開新聞發布會，承諾調查起因，以避免今

31、后發生類似的事故。But if the fficials were brutally hnest, they wuld say: “f all the peple in the wrld wh died tday frm preventable causes, ne half f ne percent f them were n this plane. Were determined t d everything pssible t slve the prblem that tk the lives f the ne half f ne percent.” The bigger prblem

32、is nt the plane crash, but the millins f preventable deaths.但如果那些官員敢講真話，他們會說：“全世界每天會有好多人含恨而終，這起空難只是冰山一角。我們會不惜一切代價解決削平這一角冰山，此外的問題我們無力解決。” 可是與空難相比，那些奪走數百萬生命的問題則更為嚴重。We dnt read much abut these deaths. The media cvers whats new ndash; and millins f peple dying is nthing new. S it stays in the backgrund

33、, where its easier t ignre. But even when we d see it r read abut it, its difficult t keep ur eyes n the prblem. Its hard t lk at suffering if the situatin is s cmple that we dnt knw hw t help. And s we lk away.事實上那些人的死輕如鴻毛，司空見慣，連媒體都不屑于報道。更無法吸引我們的注意。即使我們知道了 它也很難刺痛我們的神經。世間最痛苦的事莫過于看著他人經受苦難的卻無能為力，于是我們選

34、擇了逃避。If we can really see a prblem, which is the first step, we cme t the secnd step: cutting thrugh the cmpleity t find a slutin.發現問題，只是邁出了第一步，接下來我們還要：尋找解決方案。Finding slutins is essential if we want t make the mst f ur caring. If we have clear and prven answers anytime an rganizatin r individual ask

35、s “Hw can I help?,” then we can get actin ndash; and we can make sure that nne f the caring in the wrld is wasted. But cmpleity makes it hard t mark a path f actin fr everyne wh cares and that makes it hard fr their caring t matter.如果不想讓愛心變成空談，就必須找到問題的解決方案。如果有清晰可靠的方案，那么政府或個人組織就能立刻采取行動，將愛心落實。但是世界的復雜性

36、使找尋方案的過程無比艱難 于是愛心才淪為空談。Cutting thrugh cmpleity t find a slutin runs thrugh fur predictable stages: determine a gal, find the highest-leverage apprach, discver the ideal technlgy fr that apprach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicatin f the technlgy that yu already have whether its smethin

37、g sphisticated, like a drug, r smething simpler, like a bednet.打破復雜性需要四個步驟：確定目標、找到最有效的途徑、尋找最理想的技術，并合理利用現有技術。無論是制作復雜的藥物，還是利用簡單的蚊帳，都行。The AIDS epidemic ffers an eample. The brad gal, f curse, is t end the disease. The highest-leverage apprach is preventin. The ideal technlgy wuld be a vaccine that giv

38、es lifetime immunity with a single dse. S gvernments, drug cmpanies, and fundatins fund vaccine research. But their wrk is likely t take mre than a decade, s in the meantime, we have t wrk with what we have in hand ndash; and the best preventin apprach we have nw is getting peple t avid risky behavi

39、r.以艾滋病為例。我們的目標是消滅它。最有效的途徑是預防，最理想的技術是注射一劑疫苗實現終身免疫。所以現在政府、制藥公司、基金會都在資助疫苗的研究。但可能要十幾年才能研究出來，所以目前的比較好的預防措施就是避開那些可能傳播艾滋病的行為。Pursuing that gal starts the fur-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is t never stp thinking and wrking ndash; and never d what we did with malaria and tuberculs

40、is in the 20th century ndash; which is t surrender t cmpleity and quit.四步循環直達目標。記住永遠不要停止思考和行動永遠不要像人們在20世紀對待瘧疾和肺結核那樣，向疾病投降。The final step ndash; after seeing the prblem and finding an apprach ndash; is t measure the impact f yur wrk and share yur successes and failures s that thers learn frm yur effr

41、ts.在發現問題并找到解決方法后，還需監測結果，并與他人分享成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，讓別人也能從中受益。Yu have t have the statistics, f curse. Yu have t be able t shw that a prgram is vaccinating millins mre children. Yu have t be able t shw a decline in the number f children dying frm these diseases. This is essential nt just t imprve the prgram, b

42、ut als t help draw mre investment frm business and gvernment.當然，你還得有統計數據。用來證明你的項目為上百萬兒童接種了疫苗，證明這些孩子的死亡率降低了。這不僅有利于項目的改進，也有助于吸引更多的企業和政府投資。But if yu want t inspire peple t participate, yu have t shw mre than numbers. Yu have t cnvey the human impact f the wrk ndash; s peple can feel what saving a life

43、means t the families affected.但如果想吸引更多的人參與進來，光靠數字還遠遠不夠。你需要展示出項目承載的價值，讓他們明白挽救一個生命對其家庭的意義。Remember ging t Davs sme years back and sitting n a glbal health panel that was discussing ways t save millins f lives. Millins! Think f the thrill f saving just ne persns life ndash; then multiply that by millin

44、s. Yet this was the mst bring panel Ive ever been n ndash; ever. S bring even I culdnt bear it.我記得幾年前去達沃斯參加全球健康討論會，關于如何挽救數百萬人的生命。數百萬人!只要想想挽救一條生命帶來的震撼，再把這種震撼乘上幾百萬倍是什么感覺!然而，那是我見過的最無聊的討論會。What made that eperience especially striking was that I had just cme frm an event where we were intrducing versin 1

45、3 f sme piece f sftware, and we had peple jumping and shuting with ecitement. I lve getting peple ecited abut sftware ndash; but why cant we generate even mre ecitement fr saving lives?之所以銘記在心是因為我最近參加的一款軟件發布會的現場氛圍異常火爆。人們激動地歡呼雀躍。看到人們因為軟件興奮，我也很開心但我們為什么無法對挽救生命更感興趣呢?Yu cant get peple ecited unless yu ca

46、n help them see and feel the impact. And hw yu d that ndash; is a cmple questin.除非人們能感知到行動的影響力，否則人們就不會動心。如何做到這一點并不簡單。Still, Im ptimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us frever, but the new tls we have t cut thrugh cmpleity have nt been with us frever. They are new ndash; they can help us make the ms

47、t f ur caring ndash; and thats why the future can be different frm the past.盡管如此，我還是很樂觀。是的，不平等現象一直存在，但我們總會想出新的解決辦法。新技術可以幫助我們傳播愛心，我對未來充滿信心。The defining and nging innvatins f this age ndash; bitechnlgy, the cmputer, the Internet-give us a chance weve never had befre t end etreme pverty and end death f

48、rm preventable disease.創新技術不斷涌現，比如生物技術、計算機、互聯網。讓我們有機會終結救極度貧困和非惡性死亡。Sity years ag, Gerge Marshall came t this cmmencement and annunced a plan t assist the natins f pst-war Eurpe. He said: “I think ne difficulty is that the prblem is ne f such enrmus cmpleity that the very mass f facts presented t the

49、 public by press and radi make it eceedingly difficult fr the man in the street t reach a clear appraisement f the situatin. It is virtually impssible at this distance t grasp at all the real significance f the situatin.”六十年前，喬治-馬歇爾在哈佛的畢業典禮上宣布了一項協助戰后歐洲的計劃。他說：“我認為推動這項計劃的困難在于，報紙和廣播源源不斷地提供各種事實，使得公眾難以清晰

50、地判斷形勢。事實上，經過層層傳播，想要真正地把握形勢，是根本不可能的。Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated withut me, technlgy was emerging that wuld make the wrld smaller,re visible, less distant.馬歇爾發表演講三十年后，我的同學畢業了，科技開始發展，這個世界變得更小、更開放、更透明、人們之間的關系拉得更近。The emergence f lw-cst persnal cmputers gave rise t

51、 a pwerful netwrk that has transfrmed pprtunities fr learning and cmmunicating.低成本個人電腦和互聯網為人們提供了更多學習和交流的機會。The magical thing abut this netwrk is nt just that it cllapses distance and makes everyne yur neighbr. It als dramatically increases the number f brilliant minds we can have wrking tgether n th

52、e same prblem and that scales up the rate f innvatin t a staggering degree.神奇的是，網絡不僅縮短了人與人之間的距離，也增加了精英們集思廣益共同解決難題的機會。加快了創新的規模和速度。At the same time, fr every persn in the wrld wh has access t this technlgy, five peple dnt. That means many creative minds are left ut f this discussin smart peple with pr

53、actical intelligence and relevant eperience wh dnt have the technlgy t hne their talents r cntribute their ideas t the wrld.然而世界上只有六分之一的人能夠接觸互聯網，很多精英不能參與我們的討論，很多人無法把它們解決問題的智慧和經驗分享出 來。We need as many peple as pssible t have access t this technlgy, because these advances are triggering a revlutin in w

54、hat human beings can d fr ne anther.They are making it pssible nt just fr natinal gvernments, but fr universities, crpratins, smaller rganizatins, and even individualst see prblems, see appraches, and measure the impact f their effrts t address the hunger, pverty, and desperatin Gerge Marshall spke

55、f 60 years ag.如今，新技術將引發一場革命，讓盡可能多的人與世界接軌，科技不僅為政府，也為大學、企業、小團體甚至個人帶來了機會，而今這些機構和個人能夠運用科技找到有效的解決60年前喬治馬歇爾談到的饑荒、貧困和絕望。Members f the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is ne f the great cllectins f intellectual talent in the wrld. What fr?各位哈佛大家庭的成員，你們是世界上少有的精英。我們為什么要上哈佛?There is n questin that the faculty,

56、 the alumni, the students, and the benefactrs f Harvard have used their pwer t imprve the lives f peple here and arund the wrld. But can we d mre? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect t imprving the lives f peple wh will never even hear its name?毫無疑問，我們的教員、學生、校友都曾盡其所能改善全球人類的生活。我們還能更進一步嗎?哈佛能夠為不知道哈佛名氣的陌

57、生人奉獻智慧，伸出援助之手嗎?Let me make a request f the deans and the prfessrs the intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As yu hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask yurselves: Shuld ur best minds be dedicated t slving ur biggest prblems?請院長和教授接受我的不情之請，各位

58、哈佛大學的精英領導者們，在你們雇用新教員、授予教授終身教職、評估課程安排和決定學位要求時，請問自己一個問題：最優秀的人才是否應該致力于解決人類的困境?Shuld Harvard encurage its faculty t take n the wrlds wrst inequities? Shuld Harvard students learn abut the depth f glbal pverty the prevalence f wrld hunger the scarcity f clean water the girls kept ut f schl the children wh die frm diseases we can cure?哈佛是否應該鼓勵教授解決世界上存在某個單位的嚴重不平等?哈佛的學生是不是應該多關注一些全球貧富不均、糧食短缺、水資源稀缺、女童輟學的問題?以及那些因無法接受有效治療而死亡的孩子?Shuld the