1、第三章第三章 句句 型型第四節(jié)第四節(jié) 祈使句祈使句 知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)梳理一、祈使句的概念祈使句是用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句因?qū)ο?主語(yǔ))是第二人稱(chēng)，通常省略主語(yǔ)。祈使句的時(shí)態(tài)都為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，句末可以用感嘆號(hào)來(lái)表達(dá)比較強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)氣，也可以用句點(diǎn)結(jié)尾。如：命令：Go and wash your hands！請(qǐng)求：Be quiet, please. / Please be quiet. 勸告：Be kind to your friends. 警告：Watch your steps. 禁止：Keep off the grass！ 二、祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)1. 動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。如：Sit

2、 down, please.【注】有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下，可省略動(dòng)詞。如: Go this way, please. =This way, please.2. Be+名詞短語(yǔ)或形容詞+其他成分。如：Be careful!Be a good boy!3. Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。如: Let me help you.Lets clean our classroom. 【注】有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可在動(dòng)詞之前加do。如：Do be careful! Do let Mary water the flowers. 三、祈使句的否定形式1 以動(dòng)詞原形和be 動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的祈使句，都是在句首加do

3、nt。如: Dont forget me! Dont be late for school! 2 let開(kāi)頭的祈使句的否定形式有兩種：（1）Dont+let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。（2）Let+賓語(yǔ)+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。如: Dont let him go. =Let him not go.3. No開(kāi)頭的祈使句表示禁止。如: No smoking!四、祈使句的反義疑問(wèn)句形式1 一般情況下，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用will you或 wont you。如：Have a rest, will you? Stand up, will(wont) you? 2. lets開(kāi)頭的祈使句，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人向?qū)Ψ?/p>

4、提出建議時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用shall we。如：Lets have a cup of tea, shall we?3. let me或 let us表示向聽(tīng)話(huà)人提出請(qǐng)求，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用will you。如：Let me have a rest, will you? Let us know your name, will you? 考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 考查祈使句的運(yùn)用考查祈使句的運(yùn)用【例1】給下列標(biāo)志選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)志語(yǔ)。（填字母編號(hào)） 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 解析：本題考查根據(jù)圖片選擇適當(dāng)?shù)钠硎咕洹Ｆ硎咕渥畛Ｒ?jiàn)的用法就是用在警示牌上。本題三個(gè)選項(xiàng)代表三種祈使句形式。答案：1. C 2. B 3

5、. A【例2】根據(jù)所提供的場(chǎng)景寫(xiě)出正確的祈使句。 1. 有幾個(gè)孩子在馬路上踢足球，你會(huì)對(duì)他們說(shuō)：_2. 有小朋友在無(wú)人監(jiān)管的河里游泳，你會(huì)對(duì)他們說(shuō)：_ 解析：本題考查祈使句的日常用法。注意口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的時(shí)候，禁止類(lèi)祈使句多用Dont 形式。答案： 1. Dont play football on the road. 2. Dont swim in the river. 舉一反三 1. 判斷下列句子是否是祈使句， 是的打“ ”，不是的打“”。 (1) Look out！( ) (2) How nice！( ) (3) Lets go hiking.( ) (4) What a lovely girl

6、！( ) (5) Wash your hands before meals.( ) 2. 將下列句子改為祈使句。 (1) You must not look out of the window. _ the window. (2) You may let the children play the piano. _ play the piano. (3) You shouldnt drive too fast. _ too fast. Dont driveDont look out ofLet the children3. 根據(jù)所提供的場(chǎng)景寫(xiě)出正確的祈使句。(1) 邀請(qǐng)朋友做客，你想請(qǐng)他吃蘋(píng)果

7、，你會(huì)說(shuō)： _ (2) 你想邀請(qǐng)朋友一起下棋，你會(huì)說(shuō)： _ (3) 你讓一個(gè)想要進(jìn)入草坪的小朋友別踐踏草坪，你會(huì)說(shuō)： _ Keep off the grass.Have an apple， please！Lets play chess together.過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)一、看圖，根據(jù)圖片選出相應(yīng)的祈使句。（填字母編號(hào)）1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _CAEBD二、將下列句子改為祈使句。1. You mustnt play on the road._2. You cant eat in the computer room._3. You must stop at a red li

8、ght. _4. You mustnt be late for school. _5. Everyone mustnt smoke here. _Dont play on the road!Dont eat in the computer room!Stop (Do stop) at a red light!Dont be late for school!Dont smoke here. /No smoking here!三、單項(xiàng)填空。( )1. If you are tired, _a rest. A. have B. having C. to have( )2. He is not hon

9、est(誠(chéng)實(shí)). _ believe him. A. Not B. Dont C. Do( )3. _ in the street. Its dangerous. A. Not play B. Not to play C. Dont play( )4. Please_ me some money, will you? A. lend B. lending C. be lend( )5. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keepABCAA四、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思翻譯下列句子。1.請(qǐng)打開(kāi)門(mén)。_2.不要跑那么快!_3.下