1、情態動詞+have+done是歷年高考的重點和難點之一，現將其用法總結歸納如下：一、must+have+done表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯成“一定做過某事”，該結構只用于肯定句. 昨晚一定下雨了，因為地面2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 不應該對他如此嚴厲。看，湯姆哭了，我本來1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.還是濕的2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant

2、.你和仆人說話 ,一定是發瘋了“can't+have+done ”表示對過去事情的否定推測，譯成“不可能做過某事”。1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 密斯先生不可能去北京了，我剛才還在圖書館見過他。2.Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.三、“can+have+done表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句,瑪麗不可能偷你的錢，她回家去了 譯成“可能做過嗎？ ”。I.There is

3、 no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里沒有燈，他們可能出去了嗎？2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?能到什么地方去呢？到處找不到他們，他們可四、could+have+done '是虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設He could have p assed the exam, but he was too careless.五、“may+have+done表示對發生過的事情的推測，意思是用于肯定句中。一What has happ ened to Geo

4、rge?,意思是本來能夠做某事而沒有做 本來他能通過考試，但他太粗心“可能已經”或“也許已經”，六、I don't know. He may have got lost.喬治發生了什么事？ 我不知道，他可能迷路了。"might+have+done”表示對過去事情的推測，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結構中。1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.（MET90）他或許會多給你一些幫助，即使他很忙。2. She might have achieved greater p

5、rogress, if you had given her more chances. 果你多給她點機會，她可能已經取得更大的成績。七、“would+have+done虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設，意思是“本來會做”1.1 would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 告訴你這個小男孩的故事，但是你沒有問我。我本來會沒有你的幫助，我是不會取得2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.如此大的成績。八、“sho

6、uld+have+done”意思是“本來應該做某事，而實際沒做。”“shouldn't+have+done "表示本來不應該做某事，而實際做了 .含有指責對方或自責的含意湯姆，你太1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 懶惰了，這項工作本來應該昨天就做完的。"ought to+have+done ”表示過去應該做而實際并沒有做，譯成“理應做"，往往表示遺憾。與“ should+have+done”用法基本一樣。九、I ought to have gone

7、 home last Sunday.我理應上星期日回家。你不應該幫助他那么多。You ought not to have given him more help.十、“ need+have+done表示本來需要做某事而沒有做。“ needn't+have+done "則表示“本來不需要做某事而做了”。I needn't have bought so much wine only five people came.我本來沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了五個人。He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be would

8、n't have missed the train.他本來需要快點去車站，那樣的話，他就不會誤了火車。“情態動詞+ have done ”表示對過去情況的推測或估計，是歷年高考的熱點。現就這一語言現象作如下歸納：1. should （ought to） have+過夫甘詞表示過去應該做而（實際）沒有做的事情 ，含有責備或遺憾的語氣，意為“本應該”；其否 定形式為“ should not / ought not to have +過去分詞"，表示某種行為不該發生但卻發生了。't' show up. （04'廣西卷）Mr. Whiteat 8:30 for

9、 the meeting , but he didnA.should have arrived B.should arrive C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving解析本題中的一個關鍵詞but暗示了“ Mr. White按道理理應到了，而他沒有到”.故答案選A2. needn' t have +過去分詞表示過去沒有必要做某事，但實際上做了某事。As you worked late yesterday, youhave come this morning.(06'陜西卷A. mayn' t B. can解析He ne

10、edn't have come，表示“他本沒有必要來（實際卻來了）”選D。注意He didn't need to come yesterday，意為“他昨天沒有必要來3. must have +過去分詞 用于肯定句，表示過去一定做過某事t C. mustnt D. needn，根據句意，答案應（實際也沒來）”。,表示一種很有把握的推測注意對過去發生情況的否定推測常用can't Zcouldn ' t have +過去分詞。I have lost one of my gloves. Iit somewhere .(05 北京春季)A. must dropB. mu

11、st have droppedC. must be dropping D. must have been dropped解析本題應選B。本題的前一句說明一個結果，后一句則表示一個原因。Ihave been more than six years old when the accident happ ened.(A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't05'天津卷）解析從題意上分析，本題的前一句陳述一個理由，后一句則是由前一句得出的結論。故本題選b4. may/might have +過去分詞表示對過去情

12、況的一種不太有把握的可能性推測,表示“過去可能/大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“過去可能還沒有做某事”。D.need8.I didn ' t see her in theWe have p roved greatin the p ast ten y ears.A. needn ' t B. may notadventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made'天津卷)(06t D. mustn ' t Key:b5. can/could have +過夫甘詞表示“過去本來可以做某事，但實際上沒有做”；否

13、定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑問句表示“可能/也許已做了某事嗎？ ”。C. shouldn-I stayed at a hotel while in New York .-Oh, did you? YouA. could have stayedwith BarbaraB. could stay9.(NMET 98)C. would stay鞏固性練習：從A、B、D. must have stayedC、D中選擇最佳答案。Key: A1. - You didn ' t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?-No, b ut we.He didn

14、 ' t return home at all.A. couldn ' t have waited B. neednt haveC. didn ' t need toD. should wait2. Harryhave won the Physics comp etition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3. - May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o' clock tonight ?-“I'

15、m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”A. will have goneB. had gone C. would have goneD. has gone4. -Tom too k away our teacher ' s cell phone without being permitted.- Really? I can ' t imagine that hehave done such a thing.A. mustB. mayC. canD. should5. - Was it you that made the

16、suggestion?-Ithave been. I can ' t remember.A.needB. mustC. shouldD. may6. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. Ithe trouble to carry myumbrella with me .A. should have takenB. could have takenC. needn't have takenD. mustn't have taken7. He paid for a seat, when hehave entered fr

17、ee.A. couldB. wouldC. mustA. mustn ' t have spokenC. can ' t have spoken-Hi, is that P eter Brown?-Sorry. YouA. must dialmeeting room this morning. She at the meeting .B. mightn ' t have spoken't have spokenD. shouldnthe wrong number .D. should have dialedB. must have dialed C. shoul

18、d dial10. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They at least 150 kilometers an hour .A. should have been doingB. must have been doingC. could have doneD. would have doneKeys for reference1-5 CAADD 6-10 CACBB高考“情態動詞+ have done "考點解析“情態動詞+ have done ”結構是高考重要考點，也

19、是較難掌握的語法項目之一，為了幫助同學 們更好地掌握使用這一考點，下面結合近年高考試題談談其主要用法。考點之一：在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句中用過去完成時，而主句中則用“情態動詞+現在完成時”，即： would/ could/ should/ might have doneo例如:If they had finished the work on time, they would have been p raised by the manager.If you had worked hard, you could have p assed the examination.高

20、考題分析：1. If itfor the snow, wethe mountain yesterday. ( MET91)A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; couldC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb2. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? Youwith Barbara.(NMET98) A. could have stay B. could stay C. would

21、 stay D. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, shesomething she wouldregret later.（ 96 上海） A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said答案簡析：1.根據信息詞yesterday可以判斷該句是表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句，從句中應該用“情態動詞+現在完成時”，故答案選Co2.本句是一個含蓄虛擬條件句，意思是：If you hadn ' t stay at a hotel w

22、hile in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara.表達了與過去事實相反的情況，答案選3.本句考查的也是含蓄虛擬語氣，意思是：如果她參加了討論，她可能會說出一些后來令她后 悔的話。表達了與過去事實相反的情況，故答案選DoAo考點之二：must have done表示對過去已經發生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，語氣較強，意思是“一定、肯定"。其否定形式分別用can' t/ couldn ' t和 can/ could 。例如：“ can / could + have +過去分詞”表示對過去某種情況的懷疑或不確定。can和

23、could 一般用于否定句和疑問句，could的語氣較can弱。如:didn't see her at the meetingIt must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. 昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因為今晨地面是潮濕的。She didn ' t attend the lesson yesterday. She她昨天沒有上課，她一定是生病了。鞏固練習：this morning; she can't / couldn't have sp oken at the meeting.He

24、 can't have finished the work so soon.must have been ill.“ may / might + have +過去分詞”表示對已發生的動作或存在的狀態進行不肯定的推測，might的語氣比may弱一點。這種結構主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑問句改用can或could。如:Hehave compi eted his work, otherwise, he wouldnseaside. (05 北京26 題)A. shouldThis cake is very sweet. Youa lot of sugar in it. (05't be

25、 enjoying himself by theB. must C. wouldn遼寧26題)D. can*They may not have known it beforehand. * You might have read about it in the papers.“need + have +過去分詞”表示過去做了不必做或不需要做的事情，或過去做某事純屬多余。如：四、A. Should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put-Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent tod

26、ay? 江西 22題)-Somethingto him. ( 05A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happenedD.must have happ enedI was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police重慶 33題)150 kilometers an hour. ( 05A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have don

27、ehave been more than six years old when the accident happ ened.( 05 A. shouldn ' t B. couldn ' t C. mustn ' t D. needn- Do you know where David is? I couldn ' t find him anywhere. (05A. shouldn ' t B. mustn ' t C. can ' t D. wouldn ' t1.1 did n' t hear the p hone.

28、 Iaslee p. (MET 89)A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been2. - I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn-On, itmy brother, P eter.A. must be B. must have been C. can have been D. might be答案簡析:car.Theyat least天津 14題）湖北32題）'t recognize the voice.1. 關鍵詞是didn '

29、t ,說明動作發生在過去，所以是對已經發生過的情況的推測判斷.故答案選B2. 本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的電話。是對過去情況的推測判斷，應該用 must have done結構。故答案選B.一、"must + have +過去分詞”表示對過去發生的事情或狀態進行推測,語氣比較堅定，通常只用于肯定句 .女n： It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.You must have been mad to sp eak to the servant.Need they have done it last week?I n

30、eedn't have bought so much wine only five people came.“ should / ought to + have +過去分詞”表示過去本該做某事但沒做，其否定式表示過五、去不該做某事但做了，這種句式含有不滿或責備之意，ought to的語氣比should強一些。如:你本應該更努力學習的。（但沒有）He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本來就不該做那件事。（可是做了）“would + have +過去分詞”表示對過去的某種情況進行猜測，或本來要做某事卻因某You ought t

31、o / should have studied harder.六、種原因未做成，通常用來說明某一情況，但不像用should或ought to那樣含有責備之意。如：I guess the p oet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first p oem.Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.以上是我教學經驗總結的最全的“情態動詞 +have done ”了，希望能幫助你并獲得你的采納!“情態動詞+ have done "重點講解“情態動詞+ have done

32、”結構是高考重要考點，也是較難掌握的語法項目之一，下面結合近年 高考試題談談其主要用法。一、在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與過去事實相反的情況， 從句用過去完成時，而主句中則用 態動詞+ 現在完成時"，即 would/ could/ should/ might have done例 If he had worked hard, he would have p assed the Collage Entrance Examination. 他學習努力， 他就會通過高考了。鞏固練習1. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you

33、?Youwith Barbara.(NMET98) A. could have stay B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stay2. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, shesomething she wouldregret later.( 96 上海)A. had said B. said答案簡析1.答案A本句是一個含蓄虛擬條件句，意思是:York, you could have stayed with Barbara.C. might say D. might ha

34、ve saidIf you hadn' t stay at a hotel while表達了與過去事實相反的情況。“情如果in New鞏固練習:1. - There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.2. 答案D本句考查的也是含蓄虛擬語氣，意思是：如果她參加了討論，她可能會說出一些后來 令她后悔的話。表達了與過去事實相反的情況。二、must have done表示對過去已經發生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，語氣較強，意思是“一疋、冃疋-Ita comfortable journey.

35、（MET95A. can ' t be B. shouldn ' t be C. mustn ' t have been D. couldn ' t have been例 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. 下雨了，因為今晨地面是潮濕的。鞏固練習1. I didn ' t hear the phone. Iaslee p. （NMET 89）昨天晚上一定是2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday

36、, so heyour lecture. （2002上海） A. couldn ' t have attended B. neednt have attendedC. mustn ' t have attendedD. shouldn ' t have attended（2003上海春招）A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been3. My English-Chinese dictionary has disa pp eared. Whohave taken it?（1995上海）2. -

37、I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn't recognize the voice.-On, itmy brother, P eter.A. should B. must C. could D. would4. I didn ' t see her in the meeting-room this morning.Sheat the meeting.mustA. must be B. must have been C. can have been D. might be答案簡析1. 答案B關鍵詞是didn &#

38、39; t，說明動作發生在過去，所以是對已經發生過的情況的推測判斷。2. 答案B本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的電話。這是對過去情況的推測判斷，應該用 have done 結構。三、may/might have done 也用于對已經發生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，但語氣稍弱，意思是“可能，或許”。例如： She didn ' t get there in time. She may have missed the bus.A. mustn ' t have spoken B. shouldn ' t have spokenC. needn ' t have spo

39、ken D. couldn ' t have spoken答案簡析：1、根據 They were already five people in the car, but they managed to takeme as well. 一句中的時態，應該是對過去情況的推測判斷，因為車上已經有5位人了，在帶上我一個，可以斷定這一定是一次不舒適的旅行。所以，本句表達的是對過去否定的推測判斷，應該用can' t/ could have done 來表達。故答案選D。2、根據句意“我妹妹昨天在大劇院見過他”所以，一定是對過去已經發生的否定的判斷 ，答案選A她沒能及時到達那兒。她可能沒趕上

40、汽車。He didn ' t come to school today. He might have been ill.鞏固練習：他今天沒來上課，他可能病了。1. Sorry, I ' m late. Iagain.（ 2000 春）havA. might2. The window was broken. Tome turned off the alarm clock and gone back to slee pB. should C. can D. willhave done that, for he was a little naughty.A. could B. mig

41、ht C. should D. ought to3. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, shesomething she3、本句表達的是對過去發生過的情況的疑問，所以應該用4、本句表達的是過去已發生情況否定的推測判斷，應該用 couldn ' t have done ， 四、含有must/may/might表示對過去情況推測判斷的句子，如果變成反意疑問句, 句中動詞應與情態動詞must等后的動詞形式保持一致，用一般過去時或現在完成時。't he?could have done ，答案選 G故答

42、案選Do反意疑問例如:He must have been living here for years, hasn他一定是在這兒住了好幾年了，是嗎？You can' t have sle pt well last night, did you?你昨天晚上沒睡好，是不是？鞏固練習：1: Great changes must have taken pl ace in the village in the p ast few years,they? A. mustn ' t B. haven ' t they C. can2. He must have lived a happ

43、y a few years ago,he?t D. didnwould regret later. （1996 上海）A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 答案簡析：這三句表達的都是對過去已經發生過的情況的推測判斷，意思是“可能、或許”，應 該用may/might have done 結構。答案分別選 ABD三、如果對過去情況推測判斷的句子是疑問句和否定句，只能用can/could 和can' t, /couldn ' to 例如： He can' t have gone abroad; I saw hi

44、m an hour ago.他不可能去國外，我一個小時前還見到他呢。-Can he have passed the exam? -No, he can ' t have. He didn ' t work hard.他通過考試了嗎？不，他不可能通過考試。他學習不努力。A. didn ' t B. hasnt C. mustnt D. can答案簡析：1.含有must表示推測判斷的句子，其反意疑問句的動詞形式應與must后動詞時態保持一致。可以理解成如果不表示推測判斷，該句應該說成：Great changes have taken place in變成反意疑問句后應該說成

45、：Great changes have takethe village in the p ast few year.pl ace in the p ast few years, haven2.本句中must后的動詞形式應為五、should/ ought to have done't they? 所以，該題選did，所以，反意疑問句的動詞應為didn ' t。故答案選表示“本來應該做的，而實際上沒有做的事情”，其否定形BoAot do D. shouldnt have done式則表示“已經做了不該做的事情”，含有責備的意思。例如:A. needn ' t do B. n

46、eedn ' t have done C. mustnThe flowers have died. I should have watered them often.這些花兒都死了。我本來應該常給他們澆水的。（其實沒澆水）You ought not to have told them the truth.鞏固練習：你本不應該告訴他們真相的（其實你告訴他們了七、can/ could have done表示“本來能夠做而實際上沒有做的事情”。例如:You could have come here a little earlier.你本來可以早點來到這兒的。她本來可以掙一大筆錢的。She c

47、ould have earned a lot of money.鞏固練習： He p aid for a seat, when hehave entered free. (05山東）'t you?A. could B. would C. must D. need1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. Youcome, but why didn(99 上海) A. must have B. shouldC. need have D. ought to have1.1here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him2. Oh, I am not feeling well in the stomach, IA. shouldn ' t eat B. mustn ' t have eaten C. shouldnso much fried chicken just now.'t have eaten D. mustn ' t eatf