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1、 主主 謂謂 一一 致致 性性主主謂謂一一致致v主謂一致是指主謂一致是指謂語謂語在在人稱人稱和和數數上必須和上必須和主語主語的的人人稱稱和和數保持一致數保持一致。主要有以下幾種情況:。主要有以下幾種情況:v二、意義一致二、意義一致v三、就近原則三、就近原則v一、語法一致一、語法一致一、語法一致一、語法一致主語為單數,謂語動詞也用單數;主語為單數,謂語動詞也用單數;主語為復數,謂語動詞也用復數。主語為復數,謂語動詞也用復數。例如:例如:I often help him and he often helps me.our shoes are black,mine (=my shoes) are b

2、rown A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid(突擊搜查)(突擊搜查). In order to save the ship and the crew large quantities of oil were discharged. (排出)(排出)Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge 二、意義一致二、意義一致主語形式雖為單數,但意義為復數,謂語動詞用復數;主語形式雖為單數,但意義為復數,謂語動詞用復數;主語形式為復數,而意義為單數,謂語動詞用單數。主語形式為復數,而意

3、義為單數,謂語動詞用單數。The crowd were surrounding the government official. (people,police,cattle) Maths is hard to learn. (politics, physics, news, works) 以以-ics結尾的學科名稱結尾的學科名稱如如physics, economics, 國名如國名如the United States;報紙名報紙名如如the New Times;書名如書名如Arabian Nights (天方夜譚天方夜譚), Great Expectations(遠大遠大前程前程);以及;以及

4、the United Nations作主語時,作主語時,三、就近原則三、就近原則就近原則即謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于最靠近就近原則即謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于最靠近它的主語。它的主語。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。1. and連接兩個或兩個以上單數名詞或代詞作主連接兩個或兩個以上單數名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞有以下三種情況:語時,謂語動詞有以下三種情況: 1) and連接兩個或兩個以上連接兩個或兩個以上不同不同的人或物作主的人或物作主語時,謂語動詞用語時,謂語動詞用復數復數。例如

5、:。例如: He and I _ both students of this school. 我和他都是這個學校的學生。我和他都是這個學校的學生。 Water and air _ both important. 水和空水和空氣都很重要。氣都很重要。 Time and tide _for no man. 歲月不饒人。歲月不饒人。arearewait2).如果連接兩個或兩個以上的并列結構是指如果連接兩個或兩個以上的并列結構是指同一個人或同一個人或物,或指同一概念物,或指同一概念時,謂語動詞用時,謂語動詞用單數單數,這時,這時and后面后面的名詞前不加冠詞。例如:的名詞前不加冠詞。例如:A).表整體

6、概念的并列結構:表整體概念的并列結構:bread and butter knife and forkwhisky and sodairon and steel law and orderB).配套事物:配套事物:a watch and chain a cart and horsea coat and tie a needle and thread 黃油抹面包黃油抹面包刀叉刀叉威士忌酒加蘇打水威士忌酒加蘇打水鋼鐵鋼鐵治安治安一塊帶鏈的表一塊帶鏈的表馬車馬車針線針線配有領帶的上衣配有領帶的上衣The scientist and professor _ going to give us a talk

7、.那位科學家兼教授將給我們作報告。那位科學家兼教授將給我們作報告。 The knife and fork _ on the desk. 刀叉放刀叉放在桌上在桌上。 Truth and honesty the best policy。 isisis3). 用用and 連接的并列主語連接的并列主語被被each, every 或或 no修飾時,謂語動詞修飾時,謂語動詞 用用單數單數。 Every boy and every girl in the class _ diligent. 班里的每個男孩女孩都很用功。班里的每個男孩女孩都很用功。 All work and no play _ Jack a

8、dull boy.只工作不玩耍只工作不玩耍, 聰明也會變傻聰明也會變傻.ismakes4). 用用and或或both.and連接不定式和動名詞作并連接不定式和動名詞作并列主語,謂語動詞通常用復數形式。例如:列主語,謂語動詞通常用復數形式。例如: Walking and riding good exercises 但是但是,并列主語指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一并列主語指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數形式,概念,謂語動詞用單數形式,Going to bed early and getting up early a good habit areis2. 主語后面帶有主語后面帶有w

9、ith, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but等引導的短語時,謂語動詞必須等引導的短語時,謂語動詞必須與前面的主語在與前面的主語在人稱和數上保持一致人稱和數上保持一致。例如:。例如: The teacher, together with his students, _ planting trees in the garden. 老師和同學們正在花園里種樹。老師和同學們正在花園里種樹。 No one except us _ about it. 除了我們沒人知除了我

10、們沒人知道這件事。道這件事。 All the students, including Mary, _ playing basketball on the playground. 包括瑪麗在內所有的包括瑪麗在內所有的學生都在操場上打籃球。學生都在操場上打籃球。isknowsarev3.如果主語是如果主語是不定式不定式,動詞動詞-ing形式形式或或主語從主語從句句時,謂語動詞用時,謂語動詞用單數單數。What he is doing _ very important. 他正在做什么看起來很重要。他正在做什么看起來很重要。Serving the people _ my great happiness

11、.為人民服務是我最大的幸福。為人民服務是我最大的幸福。seemsis4. each of + 復數代詞,謂語動用單數。復數復數代詞,謂語動用單數。復數代詞代詞+ each,謂語動詞用,謂語動詞用復復數。如:數。如:Each of us _ something to say.我們每個人都有些話要說。我們每個人都有些話要說。We each _ something to say.hashavev5. 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none等作主語時,謂等作主語時,謂語動詞視情況而定。謂語動詞可用單數,也可用復數;語動詞視情況而定。謂語動詞可用單數,也可用復數;但當它指代

12、不可數名詞時看作單數,謂語動詞用單數。但當它指代不可數名詞時看作單數,謂語動詞用單數。如:如:vAll the apples _ rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。所有的蘋果都爛了。vAll the apple _ rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。整個蘋果都爛了。vAll _ present and all _ going on well.所有人都當場了所有人都當場了, 所有事情進展都很順利所有事情進展都很順利.vNone of us _ perfect. 人無完人。人無完人。vNone of the money _ left. 一點錢也沒剩下。一點錢也沒剩下。areisareisare /i

13、sisv6. 集體名詞作主語,謂語動詞可用單數,也可用集體名詞作主語,謂語動詞可用單數,也可用復數,主要由句子的意思決定。強調復數,主要由句子的意思決定。強調整體整體時用時用單單數數,強調,強調整體中的個體整體中的個體時用時用復數復數。這類名詞有。這類名詞有 family, class, population, crowd, team, group, audience,club, committee,company, crew,enemy,government,party,public等。如:等。如:His family _ going out. 他們全家他們全家vHis family _ a

14、ll music lovers. 他們全家都是他們全家都是音樂愛好者。音樂愛好者。vThe population in China _ very large and 80% of the population _ in rural areas.中國人口很多中國人口很多,其中其中80% 的人住在農村。的人住在農村。isareislivev7. 表示表示一類人一類人的的“the +形容詞形容詞(分詞分詞)”作主作主語時,謂語動詞用語時,謂語動詞用復數復數。如:。如:vThe injured in the accident _ been taken to the hospital.vThe lost

15、 _ been found.havehavev8.表示時間、金錢、距離、度量等名詞作主語時,表示時間、金錢、距離、度量等名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞用單數。其謂語動詞用單數。但是當基數詞表示的不是數值但是當基數詞表示的不是數值而是數量時,謂語動詞可用復數形式。表示數量的而是數量時,謂語動詞可用復數形式。表示數量的one and a half 后,名詞要用復數形式。但是其短后,名詞要用復數形式。但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。例如:語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。例如: One and a half bananas is left on the table. iswerevThirty ye

16、ars _not a long time.vTen pounds _ missing.vSix hundred miles _ a long distancev英語中算術式作主語時,若是減法或除法算術英語中算術式作主語時,若是減法或除法算術式,謂語通常用單數形式;若是加法和乘法,式,謂語通常用單數形式;若是加法和乘法,謂語動詞有時也可用復數形式。例如:謂語動詞有時也可用復數形式。例如: Three times five is/are fifteen Two and (plus) two is/are four. Twelve divided by four is three Three tak

17、en from eight leaves five v.iswasisvOne billion a large number Twelve boys. v9.有些名詞有些名詞單復數形式相同單復數形式相同,作主語時,謂語,作主語時,謂語動詞由上下文決定。這類名詞有動詞由上下文決定。這類名詞有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如:等。如:vNot every means _ useful. vNot all means _ useful.10. the rest of, percent of以及分數詞以及分數詞等作主語等作主語時,謂語動詞的單

18、復數取決于后面名詞的數。時,謂語動詞的單復數取決于后面名詞的數。More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth _ covered by water. Twenty percent of the workers in the factory _ women. isareisarev11.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況一般只名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場、住宅等,作主語時,動詞一般指商店、工場、住宅等,作主語時,動詞一般用單數。用單數。v My Uncles not far from here The doctors on

19、the side of the streetv the bakers,the barbers,the carpenters,the Zhangs isisThe + 姓氏表示一家人姓氏表示一家人The Smiths having supper.arev12. 用用 or; eitheror; neithernor; not onlybut also; not but; there be; here be 等時,謂語動詞應與最近的主語保持一致。等時,謂語動詞應與最近的主語保持一致。vNeither you nor I _ wrong.vNeither I nor you _ wrong.vNot

20、 only the students but also the teacher _ (enjoy) listening to the music.vNot only the teacher but also the students _ listening to the music.amareenjoysenjoyThere _ a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk.=There _ two pencils , a pen and several books on the desk.isarev12. 名詞如名詞如 trousers,

21、 scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時,謂語動詞必須等作主語時,謂語動詞必須用用復數復數;vThe scissors _ sharp. v如由如由 a pair of 等修飾時等修飾時, 用單數用單數.vA pair of glasses you read. (help)arehelpsv13 如果主語有如果主語有more than one.或或many a構成,盡管從意義上看是復數內容,但它的謂構成,盡管從意義上看是復數內容,但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式。例如:語動詞仍用單數形式。例如: Many a ship been damaged in the

22、storm More than one student seen the film. 在在“more+復數名詞復數名詞+than one結構之后,謂結構之后,謂語詞一般用復數形式。例如:語詞一般用復數形式。例如: More members than one against your plan hashasarev14. this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書這種書),其謂語用單數;短語,其謂語用單數;短語this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口語口語)(這一類人這一類人),但,但th

23、is kind of men的的謂語用單數,謂語用單數, men of this kind和和these kinds of men的謂語的謂語用復數。用復數。all kinds of后跟復數名詞,謂語用復后跟復數名詞,謂語用復數形式。例如:數形式。例如: Men of this kind dangerous This kind of men dangerous areisv15 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數應與在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如:其后的主語一致。如:v Between the two windows a picture vHere a bus.Along

24、 with the letter two policemen.hangscomeswerev16 關系代詞關系代詞who,that,which等在定語從等在定語從句中作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行句中作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。名詞性從句也一樣詞的數一致。名詞性從句也一樣.例如:例如: Some of the energy that used by man comes from the sun Those who to go please youre your names here (want) Whoever the law is to be punished. (

25、break)iswantbreaksv17 疑問代詞疑問代詞who,what, which作主語時,謂作主語時,謂語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單復語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單復數。例如:數。例如: What produce(s) heat? Which is (are) your book(s)? Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu Who next door? It is Xiao Liuv由由what引導的主語從句,謂語動詞通常用單引導的主語從句,謂語動詞通常用單數;所指的內容是復數意義,謂語動詞用復數數;所指的內容是復數意義,

26、謂語動詞用復數. What we need doctors What we need more timelivesareisvTranslation:v1 我們一行人準備按照當地的習慣去村子里拜我們一行人準備按照當地的習慣去村子里拜訪訪80歲以上的老人。(分詞)歲以上的老人。(分詞)v2 我們當天的首要任務是采集稀有植物種子。我們當天的首要任務是采集稀有植物種子。(動名詞)(動名詞)v3 每個人都跟著節奏又唱又跳,這時候,每個人都跟著節奏又唱又跳,這時候,Smith 一家打開了門一家打開了門,歡迎大家光臨歡迎大家光臨.v4 簡已經得到了想要得到的一切簡已經得到了想要得到的一切.v5 她激勵著人

27、們為婦女門的成就而歡呼喝彩她激勵著人們為婦女門的成就而歡呼喝彩.Lets have a try!1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C.

28、 were D. has4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is knownBBBBA6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as

29、a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; w

30、ere D. were; were DABC10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided11. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going12. A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A. sh

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