1、初中英語知識總結-短語、詞組和重點句型歸納短語、詞組歸納 由動詞開頭構成的短語、詞組很多.復習時應分類處理：一、動詞+介詞1. look at ,看, look like , 看上去像,look after ,照料,2. listen to ,聽3. welcome to ,歡送到J ,4. say hello to,向,問好5. speak to ,對, 說話此類短語相當于及物動詞,其后必須帶賓語,但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之后.二、動詞+副詞“動詞+副詞所構成的短語義分為兩類：A .動詞vt. +副詞1 . put on 穿上 2 . take off 脫下 3 . write

2、 down 記下此類短語可以帶賓語,賓語假設是名詞,放在副詞前后皆可；賓語假設是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面.B .動詞vi +副詞.1. come on 趕緊 2 . get up 起床 3 . go home 回家4. come in 進來 5 . sit down 坐下 6. stand up 起立此類短語屬于不及物動詞,不可以帶賓語.三、其它類動詞詞組l.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping

3、 9.watch TV/games10. play games介詞短語聚焦“介詞+名詞/代詞所構成的短語稱為介詞短語.現將Unitsl-16 常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類.1 . in+語言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語言或穿著,.2 . in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在 ,排/ 隊 / 班級 / 年級等.3 . in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/表示“在上午/下午/黃昏等一段時間.4 . in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在書桌 /鉛筆盒/臥室里.5 . in the tree 表示“

4、在樹上非樹本身所有" ；on the tree 表示“在樹上為樹本身所有6 . in the wall表示“在墻上凹陷進去" ；on the wall 表示“在墻上指墻的外表.7 . at work 在工作/at school上學/at home在家應注意此類短語中無 the.8 . at +時刻表示鐘點.9 . like this/that 表示方式,意為“像,這/那樣.10 . of短語表示所屬關系.11 . behind/ beside/ near/ under+名詞等,表示方位、處所.12 . from與to多表示方向,前者意為“從,后者意為“到 ,.另外,以下這些

5、短語也必須掌握.如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in themiddle, in the sky, on one' s bike 等.1 . I think ,意為“我認為重點句型大回放,是對某人或某事的看法或態度的一種句型.其否認式常用給,: 動詞 give之后可接雙賓語,可 give it/ them to sb.,后常接地點,也可接人.don ' t think ,2 . give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth.意為 “把用這兩種句型；假設指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,那么只能用4 .

6、One , , the other , /One is3 . take sb./ sth. to ,意為“把 ,送帶到,and one is ,意為“一個是,;另一個是,必須是兩者中.5 . Let sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事,人后應用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否認式為Don 't let sb , do sth.,或 Let sb. not do sth.另外,Let's 與 Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內,后者不包括聽者在內,6 . help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事,前者用不定

7、式作賓補,后者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換 7 . What about , ? /How about , ?意為",怎么樣？ 是用來詢問或征求對方的觀點、意見、看法等.about為介詞,其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式.8 . It's time to do ? / It 's time for sth意.為“該做 ,的時間了",其中to后須接原形動詞,for后可接名詞或V-ing 形式.9 . like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事,前一種句型側重具體的一次性的動作；后一種句型側重習慣性的動作,10 . as

8、k sb.(not) to do sth.意為“讓某人(不要)做某事",其中ask sb.后應接動詞不定式,11 . show sb. sth. / show sth. to do.意為“把某物給某人看,該句型的用法同前面第2點.12 . introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人介紹給另一人"；introduce to sb. 那么是“向某人作介紹.重點短語快速復習1. kinds of 各種各樣的2. either , or ,或者, 或者,不是 , 就是,3. neither , nor ,既不, 也不,4. Chinese tea without, an

9、ything in it中國清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking家常做法7. be famous for因,而著名8. on ones way to在,途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在,的盡頭,在,的末尾11. wait for等待12. in time及時13. make one's way to,往,艱難地走去14. just then正在那時15. first of all首先,第一16. go wrong走錯路17. be/get lost迷路18. make a noise吵鬧

10、,喧嘩19. get on 上車20. get off 下車21. stand in line站隊22. waiting room候診室,候車室23. at the head of在,的前頭24. laugh at嘲笑25. throw about亂丟,拋散26. in fact 實際上27. at midnight在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb.和某人吵架30. take one's temperature 給某人體溫31. have/get a pain in32. have a headac

11、he頭痛33. as soon as就,34. feel like doing sth.想要干某事35. stop? from doing sth. 阻止,干某事36. fall asleep入睡37. again and again再三地,反復地38. wake up醒來,叫醒39. instead of代替40. look over檢查41. take exercise運動42. had better(not) do sth.最好不要干某事43. at the weekend在周末44. on time按時45. out of 從,向外46. all by oneself獨立,單獨47.

12、lots of=a lot of許多48. no longer/more=not,any longer/more不再49. get back回來,取回50. sooner or later遲早51. run away逃跑52. eat up吃光,吃完53. run after追趕54. take sth. with sb.某人隨身帶著某物55. take(good) care of? =look after? well好好照顧,照料56. think of考慮到,想起57. keep a diary堅持寫日記58. leave one by oneself把某人單獨留下59. harder a

13、nd harder越來越厲害60. turn on翻開電燈、收音機、煤氣等61. turn off 關重溫重點句型 1 . So + be /助動詞/情牽動詞/主語.前面陳述的肯定情況也適于另一人物時,常用到這種倒裝結構,表示“另一人 物也如此.前面陳述的否認情況也適于另一人物時,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語.這種倒裝結構.注意：“ So+主語+be /助動詞/情態動詞.這一句型常用于表示贊同,進一步肯定對方的看法,表示“確實如此. “是呀.2 . Turn right / left at the first / second /, crossing.這一指

14、路的句型意為“在第一/二/,個十字路口向右/左拐.相當于Take the first /second /, turning on theright/ left.3 . It takes sb . some time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段時間.其中的it是形式主語,后面的動詞不定式短語才是真正的主語.4 . , think / find + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的it是形式賓語,不可用其它代詞替代,形容詞作賓語的補足語,后面的動詞不定式短語才是真正的賓語.5 . What ' s wrong with , ?此句型相當于What

15、 ' s the matter/ trouble with, ?后跟某物作賓語時,意為“某物出什么毛病了？ 后跟某人作賓語時,意為“某人怎么了？6 . too , to ,在so , that ,復合句中,that后的句子是否認句時,常與簡單句 too , to,太,而不能,進行句型轉換在so , that ,復合句中, that后的句子是肯定句時,常與簡單句, enough to ,進行句型轉換7 . Sorry to hear that.全句應為I 'm sorry to hear that.意為“聽到此事我很難過(遺憾).常用于對別人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意.重點句型、詞

16、組大盤點1. She used to be a Chinese teacher.她過去是一位漢語老師.用法used to +動詞原形,表示過去經常性的動作或存在的狀態,含有現在不再如此之意.搭配used to do的否認式可以是usedn 't to do 或 didn 't use to do.比擬used to do sth.過去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth.習慣于做某事；be usedto do sth.被用來做某事.2. ? return it sooner orlater.,遲早要將它歸還.用法l)sooner or later 意為“

17、遲早、“早晚.2)return此處用作及物動詞,意為“歸還,相當于give back.拓展return還可用作不及物動詞,意為“返回,相當于go back 或come back .3. No matter what the weather is like,無論天氣 ,用法no matter what 相當于 whatever ,其意為“無論什么,引導狀語從句.拓展類似no matter what的表達方式還有：no matter when 無論什么時候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where無論什么地方no matter who 無論誰no matter how 無論怎么

18、樣4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.一位年經人與格林先生練習講英語用法practise doing sth.表示“實踐、練習(做)某事拓展practice 名詞,“實踐、“實施、“練習；put a plan into practice實行某方案.5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.他鼓勵大家參加保護我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動.用法1)encourage用作動詞,意思是“鼓勵、

19、“支持.2)take part in“參加,常表示參加活動.3)protect是動詞,表示“防御、“保護.搭配1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓勵或支持某人nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人干某事2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵襲或傷害6. ? to warn people about sharks in the water.,警告人們留神水里的鯊魚.用法warn用作動詞,意思是“警告、“警戒.搭配1)warn sb.+ that 從句2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事3)warn sb. to

20、 do sth.告誡某人做某事4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告誡某人留神某事/不要做某事中考英語高頻考點錯誤分類詳解在學習初中英語的過程中,同學們常會犯這樣那樣的錯誤,大多數同學認為這些錯誤紛繁復雜,無章可循,其實并非如此.為便于系統復習,現將中考高頻考點,或者說把同學們常犯的錯誤進行 分類詳解,希望對大家能有所警示與啟迪.7. “蛇足類錯誤例析“蛇足類錯誤就是“畫蛇添足,在句中出現一些原本沒有或本應省略的成分.例1.Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much mon

21、ey.()Traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. (V )Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, it costs too much money. (V )例2.t gork. to( wo x )'t go to work. ( V )Because he was ill yesterday, so he didnBecause he was ill yesterday, he didnHe was ill yesterday

22、, so he didn't go to work. ( V )析用though, but 表示“雖然,但是 或用 because, so 表示“由于所以,時,though 和but 及because 和so都只能擇一而用,不能兩者同時使用.例3.More than three hundreds people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in2022.(x)More than three hundred people died in the oil well2022. ( V )析hundred, thousand, milli

23、on, billion無論數詞大小,hundred等詞都要用單數形式.例4.accident in Chongqing in等詞前有具體數詞修飾用來表示“確數時,My English teacher is a 38-years old man.(My English teacher is a 38-year-old man.(析句中的 38-years-old是由數詞、語,修飾名詞man.復合形容詞作定語時“-) x,)名詞和形容詞一起構成的復合形容詞,在句中充當定,其中的名詞要用單數形式,且各詞之間要有連字符例5.The Smiths have moved Beijing.(The Smit

24、hs have moved to Beijing.(析不及物動詞后接名詞或代詞作賓語時,要在動詞之后加上適當的介詞；但不及物動詞后接home, here, there等副詞作賓語時,動詞之后不必加任何介詞.例6.The box is too heavy for him to carry it. ()xThe box is too heavy for him to carry. (V )析the box既是這句話的主語,也是不定式to carry的邏輯賓語,假設句末再加上 it,就和the box重復了.11. “主謂不一致類錯誤例析主謂不一致類錯誤指的是句子的主語和謂語動詞在人稱和數上不一致而

25、形成的錯誤.例1.Each of the boys have a pen. () xEach of the boys has a pen. (V )析復數名詞前有表個體的each of, one of, every , either of等詞組修飾,或有表否認的neither of, none of等詞組修飾時,謂語動詞要用單數形式.例2.那是你心軟！我不就是一個例子嗎？Neither he nor you is good at English. () xNeither he nor you are good at English. (V )析either. or., neither. nor

26、., not only., but also.等詞組連接句子的兩個主語時,謂語動詞遵循“就近一致原那么,即由靠近謂語的那個主語決定謂語的人稱和數用何種形式.例3.Two months are quite a long time. () xTwo months is quite a long time. (V )析當時間、度量、距離、重量等名詞作句子主語時,常將其看作一個整體,謂語動詞要用10單數形式.例4.Ten minus three are seven. () xTen minus three is seven. (V)析用英語表示加(plus )、減(minus)等數學運算時,謂語動詞也

27、用單數形式.例5.Watching TV too much are bad for your eyes. () xWatching TV too much is bad for your eyes.(,)析不定式、v-ing形式充當句子主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式例6.The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000.()The number of the workers in this factory is about 5,000. (V )析the number of 表示",的數量,謂語動詞用單數形式；a numb

28、er of“假設干或“許多,相當于 some 或a lot of ,和復數名詞連用,謂語動詞用復數形式.111. “詞序、“語序類錯誤例析詞序、語序類錯誤指的是單詞或句子在排列順序上不正確,也表現為該用陳述語序的用了疑 問句語序,或該用疑問句語序的用了陳述句語序等情況.例 1. Hello! I have important something to tell you.(x)Hello! I have something important to tell you.( V )析形容詞或動詞不定式修飾不定代詞作定語時,修飾成分要置于不定代詞之后.例 2. His son is enough ol

29、d to go to school.(x)His son is old enough to go to school. (V )析enough作形容詞修飾名詞時,可以放在名詞前,也可放在名詞后；作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時,只能放在形容詞或副詞之后.的意思是(x)11例 3. Here is your sweater, put away it.Here is your sweater, put it away.(析put away, pick up, put on等“動詞+副詞構成的詞組后接代詞作賓語時,代詞只能放在動詞和副詞之間.例 4. I don ' t know where is

30、he going.(x)I don ' t know where he is going. (V )析在含賓語從句的復合句中,從句要用陳述句語序.例 5. Look! Here the bus comes.(x)Look! Here comes the bus.(V)析在以here, there引起的陳述句中,假設句子的主語是名詞,要用倒裝語序,即用“/There+ 動詞+名詞結構；但主語假設是代詞時,那么不用倒裝語序,即用“ Here/There +動詞結構.例 6. I do well in playing football,.(我妹妹也行. )A. so my sister do

31、es(x)B. so does my sister(V)例 7. - Li Lei is really a football fan.-.(確實這樣.)A. So is he(x)B. So he is(V)析“ so+be 動詞/助動詞+主語 的倒裝結構表示前面所述情況也適用于后者,意為也是這樣"；“ so+主語+be 動詞/助動詞的陳述結構表示對前述情況的肯定,意為",確實如此.112. “邏輯類錯誤例析邏輯類錯誤是指用英語表達某一思想時,犯了邏輯推理錯誤,導致句子語法成分不全,句意 表達上前后矛盾等方面的失誤.Here代詞12例1.重慶比中國的其他城市都大.Chong

32、qing is larger than any city in China.(Chongqing is larger than any other city in China.(,)析“ any city in China 包括了重慶這座城市 ,同一事物自己與自己不能做比擬,只有 在city前加上other才能表示重慶和中國的其它城市比擬大小.例2.廣州的天氣比北京的天氣更暖和.The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. () xThe weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing

33、.(,)析表示比擬時,句子中的兩個比擬對象必須一致,不同的比擬對象不能做比擬.錯誤句的比擬對象分別為the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing ,這兩個不同類的事物之間不能做比較.113. “受漢語思維方式影響類錯誤例析受漢語影響類錯誤是指用英語表達某個意思時,受了漢語表達的影響而導致犯錯.例 1. Mr Wu teaches our English. (x )Mr Wu teaches us English. (V )析“ teach sb. sth. 句式中的sb.和 sth.是 teach詞要用賓格,而不能受漢語影響使用形容詞性物主代詞.例 2. His siste

34、r married with a teacher last summer.(His sister married a teacher last summer.(析表達 “ A 和 B 結婚,要用 A married/will marry 使用 A married/will marry with B.例 3. There is going to have a film tonight.()There is going to be a film tonight. (V )或will之后的動詞原形只能用be,析一般將來時用在There be 句式中時,be going to也就是說要用There is (are) going to be. / There will be.的雙賓語,因此 teach 后