1、Un it 12 語法篇尊大腦體畫拿作業完成麗爭教學目標）第十二單元重點單詞和句型孚趣味引囚孚知祝梳蓮）、過去完成時的概念過去完成時表示在過去的某一時間或動作之前已經完成的動作，即表示“過去的過去”。二、 過去完成時的構成過去完成時是由“助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞”構成， had 用于各種人稱和數。如：She had arrived at the village before 8 o clock last night.她在昨晚8 點之前就到達了這個村莊。三、 過去完成時的句式過去完成時的否定句是在had 后加 not，般疑問句是將 had 移至句首，其肯定回答為:Yes，主語+had，否定回

2、答為： No,主語+hadn t。如：Her little brother hadn t gone into the bathroom by the time she got up.當她起床時，她弟弟還沒有進入浴室。Had you started teachi ng whe n she got to the class?當她走進教室時，你開始講課了嗎？Yes,I had.是的，我開始講了。（No,I hadn t.不，我還沒有講。）四、 過去完成時的標志1. 用于表示過去某一時刻前已經發生的動作或狀態。常與 by,before,after,until,when等引導的過去時間狀語連用。如：Th

3、ey had collected over 1,000 stamps by the end of last mon th.到上個月底，他們已收集了1,000 多張郵票。The bus had already left by the time I got outside.當我出去時，公共汽車已經開走了。提示：如果時間狀語從句的動作發生在主句之前，則從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時。如：My watch went well after I d had it repaired.我的手表修了以后，走得很準。2. 過去完成時用于賓語從句中，表示從句的動作或狀態發生在主句的謂語動作之前。如：He tol

4、d me that he had heard of the good news.他告訴我，他已經聽 說了那個好消息。提示：有時過去完成時也用在其他從句中。如：What he had said made me angry.他說的話讓我生氣。（用于主語從句中）3. 有時句子中沒有明顯的時間狀語，動作發生的時間先后，需從上下文中去判斷。如：She was very happy.Her whole family were pleased with her,too.She had just won the first place in the game.她非常高興，她的全家人也為她高興。她剛剛在比賽中獲

5、得第一名。五、過去完成時的持續用法 表示過去某一時間之前發生的動作或存在的狀態一直持續到過去某一時間，并有可能繼續下去。常 與由 for 或 since 引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。如：He had worked in the factory since it opened in 1996. 那兒工作。Mr.Smith had taught in Europe for 15 years before he went to Australia.史密斯先生在去澳大利亞之前在歐洲從教了 15 年。六、過去完成時與一般過去時的區別1. 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某個動作之前已經發生的動作或存

6、在的狀態。 它是個相對的時態， 只有在與過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才會用到它。而一般過去時則表示過去某一個時間發生 了某事或在過去某一段時間內經常發生的事。如：They had already left when I arrived.前，他們就已經“離開”了，因此用我到達時他們已經走了。 （ 在我“到達”這一過去動作之had left 表示。 ）I saw him in the street yesterday. 這一過去的時間發生的 )昨天我在街上看見他了。 （ “看見他”這一動作是在“昨天”2. 在過去某時之前的持續動作， 表示某事持續到過去某時已有一段時間， 則用過去完成時， 并與

7、for ， since等詞連用。如：He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.他被送到醫院時已病了一周了。He said that he had worked in that factory since 1994. 他說他從 1994 年以來就一直在那家工 廠工作。3. 在并列句或復合句中，幾個 （ 一般是兩個 ）謂語動詞的行為發生的順序有明顯的先后之分時，則先 發生的行為用過去完成時。但若句中有 before,after 等連詞，由于它已表明動作發生的先后，兩個 動作都可以用一般過去時。如：When I woke

8、up,it had already stopped snowing. 我醒來時雪已停了。I （had） heard the news before she told me她告訴我那個消息之前我已經聽說了。After we finished our homework， we went swimming. 做完作業后，我們去游泳了。4. 兩個或兩個以上的動作，用 and， then 或 but 等連接，按照動作發生的順序表達時，用一般過去 時，表示過去發生的連續動作。如：The man got up,put on his cap and went away.自從 1996 年工廠建成以，來他一直在

9、那個人站了起來，戴上帽子走了。【拓展】動詞 think , hope, want, mean, intend , plan 等可以用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現 的想法、愿望、打算或意圖等。如：We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我們本來希望能來看看你。They had wan ted to help but could n ot get there in time.他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒能及時趕到那里。七、過去完成時與現在完成時的區別過去完成時與 already,ever,just,never,since+時間點，for+時間段等連用時，

10、強調事件發生的先后順序，不涉及現在的情況。而現在完成時強調的是“過去的動作或狀態對現在造成的影響”。如：She has worked in Chongqing for over two years.她已經在重慶工作兩年多了。（現在仍在那兒工作）She had worked in Chongqing for over two years before she moved to Shan ghai.她在搬至 U 上海之前已經在重慶工作兩年多了。（“搬到上海”是過去，“在重慶工作”是發生在過去的過去）He has never seen such an interesting film before.

11、他以前從未看過這么有趣的電影。（“看”盡管發生在過去，但涉及現在，即現在已經知道或了解了這部電影）He said he had n ever see n such an in terest ing film before.他說他以前從沒看過這么有趣的電影。（“他說”發生在過去，“看過”是在“說”之前，是過去的爭蒔色冊解1. Why were you late for school this morning?Because my alarm clock didn t off and I_.A. oversleptB. completed C. cha nged D. missed2. What

12、s wrong with you?By the time I got to school, I realized I had_my En glish book at home.A. leftB. forgotte nC. took D. brought3.She said whe n she got to the cin ema, the film_ for 5 minu tes.A. has begu nB. had begu nC. has bee n onD. had bee n on4. Why didn t you give the wallet to the man at once

13、?Because he_ before I realized it was his.A.had bee n disappeared B.has disappearedC.had disappearedD.hasdisappeared5. -_you ever_late for school? -No, n ever.A. Have; beB. Would; beenC. Have; beenD. Did; been解析：1. A. 詞語釋義，overslept 睡過頭 complete 完成 change 改變 miss 錯過2. A.詞語釋義，left ，落下 forgotte n 忘記 t

14、ook 帶走 brought 帶來3. D.過去完成時，表示延續性動作be on4. C.考查過去完成時5. C.考查現在完成時尊 5 當堂豢習)基礎演練I.用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. By the time I reached home, my mother_(cook) supper already.2. Catheri ne_(fini sh)the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.3. The train_ (leave)whe n I got to the statio n.4. The little girl_

15、(lie)i n bed for almost a mon th since she_ (fall)sick.5. By the end of last year he_(learn) 3, 000 English words.6.It was the third time that the girl_(in vite)him.7.I_(not fin d)the dog un til last ni ght.8. He told his mother that he_(run)out of money to buy new clothes.9. He told me that he_ (wr

16、ite)a new book.been10.1 sudde nly remembered that I_（leave）the key in my classroom whe n I_（get）home yesterday.n.按要求改寫句子，每空一詞。1. By the time she got up,her mother had gone to work.（對畫線部分提問）_her mother_ by the time she got up?2. When I got home,my mother had cooked dinner.（改為否定句 ）Whe n I got home,my

17、mother_dinner.3. The train had left when I got to the station.（改為一般疑問句）_ the train_ whe n you got to the stati on?4. John had never seen the film before.（改為反意疑問句 ）Joh n had n ever see n the film before,_?5.She had already finished her homework.（改為否定句 ）She_her homework yet.6. Wa ng Yan has cha nged h

18、er job .I have cha nged,too.（合并為一個句子 ）Wang Yan has cha nged her job,_I.7. My sister has already cooked supper.（改為否定句 ）My sister_cooked supper_ .8. Mike s father died three mon ths ago.（改為現在完成時）Mike s father has_ for three mon ths.9.1 went to a movie with my friend yesterday.（改為否定句 ）I_ to a movie wit

19、h my frie nd yesterday.10.He played football on the playgro und after school yesterday after noon.問）_he_ after school yesterday after noon?（對畫線部分提答案:The matchfor half an hour whe n I got there.I.l.had cooked 2.had finished 3.had left 4.had lain; fell 5.had learned/learnt6.had invit ed 7.hadn t found

20、 8.had run 9.had written 10.had left; gotn.21.What had; done 22.hadnt cooked 23.Had;left 24.had he 25.hadnt finished26.so have27.hasn t; yet 28.been dead 29.didn t go 3O.What did; do鞏固提高I.用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1. He _(teach) in our school si nee 1986.2. My father_ (work J in a factory for five years.But now

21、he is a teacher.3. The old computer_(break) dow n easily,so I had to restart it aga in and aga in.4. Mr.Zha ng_ (teach)us En glish three years ago.5. Mr.Liu isn t here now. He_(go)to Beijing.6.Our math teacher_(teach) in our school for 20 years and he_(come) herewhe n he was 25 years old.7. Mr.Li li

22、kes Hong Kong very much.He_(be) there three times.8. Last summer vacati on,we_ (take) many photos whe n we had a trip to Dalia n.9.1 don t remember w hen and where I_ (buy) this umbrella.10.1 bega n watch ing here an hour ago,but now nothing_ (happe n) yet.II.根據漢語意思完成句子，每空一詞。1.我到那兒的時候，公共汽車已經離開。_ the

23、 time I got there,the bus_ already_2.我到那兒時，比賽已進行了半個小時。3.十分鐘前她沒有完成家庭作業。She_ her homework ten mi nu tes ago.4.我們已經看過這部電影了。We_ the movie.5.她已經離開她的家鄉很多年了。her hometow n for many years答案:11.has taught 12.has worked 13.broke 14.taught 15.has gone 16.has taught; came 17.has been18.took19.bought 20.has happe

24、 ned川.31.By;had;gone 32.had been on 33.didn t finish 34.haveseen 35.has been away from當堂磁兩I.單項選擇1.Mr.Black_his keys in the office,so he had to wait un til his wife_ home.A.has left;comes B.l eft;had comeC.had left;cameD.hadleft;would come2. Whe n I got to the stati on ,the train_for 30 mi nu tes.A.l

25、eftB.had leftC.has bee n away D.had bee n away3. All the tickets_ by the time I got to the ci nema.A.sell outB.sold outC.have bee n sold out D.had bee nsold out4.She_ in the north for five years before she came here.A.has livedB.had livedC.livedD.was going to live5. By the time I got to school, I re

26、alized I_ my backpack at home.Shemarried9. Nancy said that she_the magaz ine to be library already.A. has returnedB. returnedC. hadn t returnedD. hadreturned10. The film_ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema.A. bega nB. had beg unC. was onD. hadbee n on11. By the time I got to the shop, all the

27、 eggs_ .A. had bee n boughtB. had boughtC. boughtbought12. You ve never seen such a beautiful picture,_?II.完形填空Are you nervous when you stand in front of the public? Are you afraid to make a speech?Li Jun, a middle school boy, felt shy whe n he was making a speech the other day. Li hadthought it wou

28、ld be quite easy to speak in front of 1 classmates._I was wrong. It was very differentand much 2 thantalkingto myclassmates during6. Steve and Rosa havefor ten years.21C. be marriedD. beenA. got marriedB. marriedmarried7. His caron the way, so he had to repair it.A. broke offB. broke dow nC.breaks o

29、ffD.breaksdow n8. His cous ina foreig ner last year.A. married withB. marriedC.was marriedD.gotD. had forgotte nA. leftB. has leftC. had leftD. has bee nA. do youB. aren t youC. have youD. haven t youplaytime, Li said. I tried, but it was really difficult to speak. I felt like a mute （啞巴）and wan ted

30、 to leave the classroom 3 _ 【：3】Li is not alone. Many middle school students now have the same 4 : they can talk their ideas freely 5 theirbest friends after class, but cant speak in public.According to Zhou Hong, a teacher from a university, the main reason is that schools inChina pay more atte nti

31、 on to writ ing in stead of 6 ._ 21Zhou hopes schools can give students more chances to open their 7,such as speech competitions,Englishcorners and class discussions. Students can join in any one they wantto. 8 he also gives some advice to students. During your free time you should 9 more. Whe n you

32、re speak ingin public, take it easy. Just imagi ne youre talk ing to no body andspeak up yourideas clearly,Zhou said. That 10afinepublic speech and youll feelcon fide nt.1.A. herB. myC.yourD. his2.A. harderB. easierC. betterD. later3.A. slowlyB. quicklyC. sadlyD. happily4.A. an swerB, subjectC. prob

33、lemD. questio n5.A. exceptB. besideC. fromD. with6.A. liste ningB. speak ingC. read ingD. si ngi ng7.A. mouthsB. eyesC. mindsD. hearts8.A. ButB. SoC. AndD. Or9.A. playB. practiceC. writeD. watch10. A. reportsB. keepsC. hearsD. makes答案；I. CDDBCDBADD DCII. DABCD BACBD當堂總結about9. At last the police off

34、icersthat the money was found.【：21 】A. throughB. acrossC. overD. aga inst 5I.單項選擇1. When I got up, my mother_breakfast for me.0 （A. have cookedB. had cookedC. has cooked D. has bee n cook ing2. What bad luck! I_ my backpack at home.（2015-2016 浙江單元測試）A. forgotB. broughtC. leftD. took3. -When did you

35、get up this morning?（2015-2016 浙江單元測試）- My alarm clock didn t_. I didn t wake up until 9 a.m.A. go offB. take offC. put offD. run off44. Than ksgivi ng Day is a celebrati on that_in many coun tries around the world.（2015-2016 浙江單元測試）A. happe nsB. is happe ningC. takes placeD. Is take nplace5. Becaus

36、e of the rain, the farmers stopped_ 即 ples.6 （2015-2016 浙江單元測試）6. The shoes are very beautiful. All the shoes in that shop_.（2015-2016 浙江單元測試）8. Many people believed the story, and fear spread_the whole country.A. pickB. to pickC. pick ingD. pickedA. have sold outB. had bee n sold outselli ng7.Tom s

37、 pare nts gotmarried in 1978. They _A. marriedB. have marriedmarriedC.has sold outD. hasbee nfor n early twenty years.C. have bee n married D.havegot10. By the time I got to the cinema, the film _ for ten minutes.A. had begunB. had been onC. has started D. has been on11-_ were you late for school? -

38、 Because I overslept.A. What B. HowC. WhenD. Why12. Luckily, Tom s dad came by and he gave me a _ in his car. So I got to school ontime. 2A. ride B. lift C. drive D. offerred clothes.D. tries on 21You don t know what will happen next timeC. filled D. emptyC. to; withD. to; o n 21 *To swim across the

39、 English Channel takes at least nine hours. Its hard work and itmakes you short of breath. To fly over the channel takes only twenty minutes as long as youre not held up at theairport ， but it s an expensive way to travel. You can travel by hovercraft（氣墊船） if you dont mind the noiseand that takes fo

40、rty minutes. Otherwise ，you can go by boat ，if you remember your sea-sickness pills. All thesemeans of transport have their problems ， and the weary （厭煩的） traveler often dreams of being able to driveto France in his own car. “Not possible ， you say. Well， wait a minute. People are onceagain consider

41、ing the idea of a channel tunnel or bridge.” This time ， the great LondonCouncil （議會） is looking into the possibility of building a channel link straight to London. A bridge would cost farmore than a tunnel， but you would be able to by rail or by caron a bridge ， yet a tunnel would provide a rail li

42、nk only. Whyis this idea being discussed again ？ Is Britainrealizing the need for links with Europe as a result of joining EEC？Well，perhaps ，the main reason ，though ，is that a tunnel or bridge would reach the twenty square kilometersof London s discussed dockland （船塢） 。 A link from London to the con

43、tinent would stimulate （刺激） tradeand revitalize （使重新具有活力） the port ， and wouldA. puts onB.takes offC. wears14.I think lifeis _ of unexpected thingsA. fullB. fill15. Good luck _ you_ school tip.A. on; withB.on; toA. canceledB. announcedC. fooledD. stared13. Red is Mrs. Green s favorite color. So she

44、oftenII. 閱讀理解make London a main trading center in Europe. With a link over the Channel， you could buyyour fish and chips in England and be able to eat them in France while they are still warm！ 【 ： 21 】1. From the lines we can see that people crossed the Channel by _ in the past.A. airB. boatC. swimm

45、ingD. A ， B ， or C2. The weary traveler thinks the best way to cross the Channel is _ .A. by swimmingB. in his own carC. by airD. byhovercraft3. A tunnel would cost_ a bridge.A. far less thanB. as much asC. far more than D. aslittle as4. According to the passage， a link from London to the continent

46、would be_.A. necessary for its tradeB. important for its politicsC. useful for its industryD. helpful for its culture5. The main idea of the passage is_.A. how to develop the trade of LondonB. when to cross the ChannelC. how to get to Europe from London more convenientlyD. what to do in the developi

47、ng of travelingBOn Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon. They started early in London. The headman wasAugusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were readyfor a long way.Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope ,and it w

48、as hanging down from the basket of theballoon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they wereable to change its weight . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It

49、 went up to 3,000 metres, and the air wasvery cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow onthe ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with theirknives, but it was not easy. The

50、work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags ofsand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. Theyrose to 5,100 metres ! Everything

51、became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down inPoland heavily but safely. They had traveled 1,797 kilometers from London!1. Three men flew in balloon _.A. for nearly 1,800 kilometersB. to another cityC. to visit PolandD. less than a century ago2. The metal box was used for

52、 _ .A. carrying the bags of sandB. keeping drinking-waterC. carrying ropes of the basket D. changing weight3. When the balloon went up higher, _ .A. the temperature of the balloon began to fallB. They saw the sun go downC. They made a hole in the basket with their knivesD. They could see a black hol

53、e on the ground4. The balloon landed _ .A. in LondonB. on the seaC. on a lakeD. in a foreign country5. Which of the following is NOT true?_A. The three men started their journey before the sun rose.1B. The balloon began to go up when they threw bags of sand out of the basket.C. When they pulled the

54、box into the basket, the balloon began to climb up.D. The three men had to land because they felt cold.III.詞匯運用。(A)根據句意及首字母提示補全單詞。1. What a d_ thing! I dont know what to say.2. Have you put your camera in your b_? Don t forget anything.3. The little dog is still a_ after hitting by the running car.4

55、. Dont s_ at others for a long time. It is impolite.5. He worked until 2 o clock this morning. So he o_.(B) 用所給詞的適當形式填空。1.The old building caught fire yesterday evening. Luckily, no one was _ (burn).2.I greeted Pauls mother in a wrong way.That made me feel _ (embarrassing).3.I am sure that this _(di

56、scover) is just like an earthquake to the scientificfield.4._The old (office) stood up slowly and looked at me in surprise.5._ The hospital is only two (block) from here. You can walk there.IV. 根據漢語提示完成句子。1.He has been waiting for 3 hours, but his teacher didnt _ ( 出現) .2. The plane will _ ( 起飛) in

57、20 minutes. we must be hurry up.3. I kept sleeping and when I_(醒來)it was already 10 o clock.4. When I was _ ( 排隊) at the bank, I saw something strange happening.5. When I_ ( 正準備)lock the door, I found I couldn t find my key.V.根據短文內容，完成下列句子。A few days ago, I ran into a stranger as he passed by. I sai

58、d sorry to him and he said, “Excuse me, too. Iwasn t even watching for you. ” We were very polite, this stranger and I. Then we went on our way after sayinggoodbye.Later in the kitchen at home, as I cooked our meal, my daughter Betty walked up to me very quietly. When Iturned around, I nearly knocke

59、d her down.“Get out of the way !I shouted an grily. She ran away, crying.That ni ght, whe n I lay in bed, my husba nd said to me,“ You were so rude to Betty. Goand look around on the kitchen floor, and you ll find some flowers there.Betty broughtthose for you. She picked them herself-pink, yellow, and y