1、實用標準文案 文檔大全 專題七 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣常考點 近兩年考查情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣的頻率呈上升趨勢。從整體上把握情態(tài)動詞的語法特征和語義特征，能夠準確理解不同情態(tài)動詞的細微差異，認真區(qū)別具有相同功能、意思相近的情態(tài)動詞的用法，在真實的交際情景中印證和領悟情態(tài)動詞的用法和特征。 1 情態(tài)動詞所表示的多種含義 1. can和could的用法 表示能力。如： I can run fast. 表示客觀可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. 表示請求和允許。用could 語氣更委婉。如： Can/Could I go n

2、ow? Yes，you can. 表示猜測、驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度(主要用于否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句中)。如： Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 表示許可。如： You may drive the car. May/Might I use your pen? No，you mustn't. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 表示推測、可能(疑問句不能用于此意)。表推測的might并不是指過去時間，而表示比may把握

3、性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. 用于表示目的或讓步狀語從句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will和would的用法 用于各種人稱，表示“意志”“意愿”“決心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. 用于第二人稱的疑問句，表示說話人向對方提出請求。用would比用will語氣更客氣。如： Will/Would you please keep th

4、e door open? 表示真理或習慣，意為“慣于，總是”。 如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when he lived in the country. 4. should的用法 實用標準文案 文檔大全 表示現(xiàn)在或將來的責任或義務，意為“應該，應當”，這時它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互換使用。如： You should(are supposed to ) complete your test in time. 表示有較大可能實現(xiàn)的猜測、推

5、論，通常意為“可能；總該吧”，相當于 be expected to。如： They should be home by now，I think. 用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。如： I should think it would be better to try it again. 用在條件狀語從句中，表示語氣較強的假設，意為“萬一”，這時也可將should置于從句之首，即將should放在主語前面，而省略從屬連詞if，主句謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣。如： Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 用來表示

6、意外、驚喜或者在說話人看來是不可思議的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等開頭的修辭疑問句或某些感嘆句中常常意為“竟會，居然”。如： A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady! 用于虛擬語氣句中(略)。 5. ought to的用法 表示應該、推測，相當于should。 如： You ought to take care of him. 6. shall的用法 用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威脅，強制”“法令條文規(guī)則”和“允諾”等意思。 如： You shall have the book when I finish

7、reading.(表允諾) 在疑問句中，shall用于征求對方的意見或請求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。如： Shall we go out for a walk? Where shall he wait for us? 7. must的用法 表示義務、意圖或建議，意為“必須，應該，禁止(用于否定句中)”。 如： You must go and see that filmyou'd really enjoy it. 表示推測，意為“必定，一定”。 注must表示推測時的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能)。 表示主張，意為“硬要，一定要”。如： If you m

8、ust go，at least wait till the rain stops. 表示與說話人愿望相反，意為“偏要”。如： The machine must break down at this busy hour. 8. need和dare的用法 need 作“必要”講時，既可作情態(tài)動詞，也可作實義動詞。作實義動詞時后面的動詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動詞相同。作情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句或疑問句中。 dare作為情態(tài)動詞時，僅用在疑問句、否定句和條件從句中。dare若作實義動詞，后面可接帶to的不定式，此時to也可以省略。dare與need的用法相似。如： He dares to go

9、there alone. He needs to go there alone. She doesn't dare (to) ask her father. She doesn't need to ask her father. 實用標準文案 文檔大全 He daren't speak English before such a crowd，dare he? 9. used to的用法 used to表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，在間接引語中，其形式可不變。在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強調句中，可有兩種形式。 疑問句 ·Did you use to

10、 go to the same school as your brothe·Used you to go to the same school as your brother？ 否定句 ·I usedn't to go there. ·I didn't use to go there. 否定疑問句 ·Usen't you to be interested in the theatr·Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre？ 其反意疑問句或簡略回答中，也有兩種形

11、式： She used to be very fat，didn't she？(正式)/use(d)n't she? (口語) Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes，I did(正式)/Yes，I used to.(口語) 10. would rather (not) do 寧愿(不)做 11. had better (not) do 最好(不)做 I _ often go fishing when I lived in the countryside. A. should B. would C. could D. might

12、I've decided to take the job and I _ change my mind. A. mustn't B. can't C. won't D. may not “Whatever you want，you _ have it on condition that you get the best result，” said the boss. A. would B. ought to C. shall D. could Why _ you stay in the countryside，where it's not conveni

13、ent to go shopping? But I've found it rather valuable for my health. A. can B. must C. may D. shall I promise her daughter _ get a nice present on her birthday. Will it be a big surprise to her? A. should B. must C. would D. shall She just couldn't believe that her husband，to whom she had be

14、en loyal for so many years，_ desert her after he became rich. A. might B. should C. shall D. must A Mr. Smith is waiting outside for the appointment with you. _ he come in? Yes，please let him in. 實用標準文案 文檔大全 A. Shall B. May C. Will D. Need He is always on time for work. How _ it be that he was late

15、yesterday? A. can B. might C. may D. must Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary. She _. I've already borrowed one. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 【答案】B C C B D B A A C 2 表示“推測”的情態(tài)動詞 肯定句中用must，may，might，could，當表示理論上的可能性時也可用can； 否定句中用can，may，might，could； 疑問句

16、中用can，could。 用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空： _ he be a policeman? He _ be a policeman，but I am not sure. He _ be a policeman，for he is so short. He _ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave. 【答案】Can may/might/could can't must 3 情態(tài)動詞的完成式 must have done表示一定做了某事，只用于肯定句中。如： He must have been a brave boy ten years ago

17、. can/could have done用于否定句和疑問句中表示推測。 could have done用于肯定句中表示本可以做而事實上未做到，含有委婉批評或遺憾之意。如： I could have come on time，but my car broke on the way. may/might have done 表示可能做了某事，用于肯定句和否定句(意為“可能不”)中。 might have done也可以表示本可以做而事實上未做到，含有委婉批評或遺憾之意。如： She might have done better than that. should (not) have doneo

18、ught (not) to have done表示本應該做但沒做或本不應該做但做了，含有責備或悔意。如： I oughtn't to have scolded her for such a small thing. A. 表示“(估計)應該已經”“大概已經”，即對過去情況的推測。如： 實用標準文案 文檔大全 They left at nine，so they should have arrived(probably have arrived) home by now. B. 表示“竟然已經”“居然已經”，即表示說話人對已經出現(xiàn)的事態(tài)感到驚奇、驚喜、懷疑。如： I'm surpr

19、ised that he should have been so foolish. needn't have done 表示本沒必要做某事而實際上做了； didn't need to do 表示本沒必要做而實際上也未做。如： You needn't have walked so quickly since time was enough. would have done用在虛擬語氣句中，表示與過去事實相反。如： If he had told me the truth，I would have gone there. would like/love to have don

20、e表示本打算做某事而實際上未做。如： I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then. had better have done表示本來最好做某事而實際上未做。如： You had better have come earlier，but you didn't. 11would rather have done 表示當時寧愿做了或沒做。如： I would rather have refused his offer. 用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空： I was really anxious about you. Yo

21、u _ not have left without a word. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he _ have scored a goal. You _ not have seen him in the street yesterday，for he has been to Japan. 【答案】should would/could/might can/could 4 一般疑問句中幾個情態(tài)動詞的提問和回答 情態(tài)動詞的回答要根據具體的句意來判斷。 完成下列句子： Need I go there now

22、? Yes，you_ No，you _ Must I do my homework? Yes，you_ No，you_ May/Might I use your bike? Yes，you _Yes，you_Yes，please.Sure/Certainly. No，you _ Can/Could you help me carry the bag? Yes，I _ Will/Would you come to party tonight? 實用標準文案 文檔大全 Yes，I_ Sorry，but I_ Shall I tell him about it? No，you _. I told h

23、im just now. 【答案】must；needn't don't have to must；needn'tdon't have to may；can；mustn't/can't can will；can't needn't 5 與情態(tài)動詞有關的固定短語 may/might well do 很可能做 may/might (just) as well do 不妨做 cannot/can never.toocannot/can never.enough 越越好 would rather do和had better do A pen

24、cil will do (for sth.)A pencil will be suitable (for sth.) The car won't start. The car can't be started. I really _ thank you enough. It's been an amazing day. A. needn't B. shouldn't C. mustn't D. cannot These are excellent photographs and we _well use them in our magazine.

25、 A. can B. could C. must D. may 【答案】D D 6 must和have to must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強調客觀需要； must一般只表示現(xiàn)在時，have to則有更多的時態(tài)形式。 用must和have to的適當形式填空： I _ go now for I have got a meeting 15 minutes later. Jenny _tidy up the room before her mother came back. 【答案】have to had to 7 can，could和be able to的區(qū)別 can用

26、于現(xiàn)在時，could只用于過去時，be able to可用于各種時態(tài)； 表示過去經過努力而做成某事要用was/were able to，而不用could。 實用標準文案 文檔大全 用can，could和be able to的適當形式填空： Although the fire was big，everyone_ escape. Only in this way will you _ finish the work in time. 【答案】was able to be able to 8 will，would，used to will，would和used to均表示“習慣”。 will表示不受

27、時間限制的習慣性動作； would表示過去習慣性的動作，但不涉及與現(xiàn)在情況的對比，后不能跟狀態(tài)動詞； used to表示過去習慣的動作或狀態(tài)，但這種習慣現(xiàn)在已不存在了。 用will，would和used to填空： He _ be late for school，but now he is seldom late. She _ sit for hours without saying anything. He _ walk by the river in the morning after he got up. 【答案】used to will would 9 虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法 虛擬

28、條件句 主句 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設 過去時 would/could/might do 與過去事實相反的假設 would/could/might have 過去完成時 done 與將來事實相反的假設 過去時/should do/were to would/could/might do 錯綜時間條件句(動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整)。 if省略句(在條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句)。 用介詞或介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的有with，without，but for。 含蓄條件句。用otherwise或but來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。 用所給詞的適當

29、形式填空： If you _(go) to bed earlier last night，you _(not be) sleepy now. If you_(not attend) the meeting yesterday，you_(not meet) him. I _(be) ill yesterday. Otherwise，I _(go) there. I _(give) you more help，but I was too busy. But for the rain last Sunday，we _(have) a picnic. 【答案】had gone；wouldn't

30、 be hadn't attended；wouldn't have met was；would have gone would have given 實用標準文案 文檔大全 would have had 10 as if/as though的用法 as if/as though引導的從句表示的情況可能會發(fā)生用陳述語氣，表示的情況不可能發(fā)生則用虛擬語氣。 用所給詞的適當形式填空： It looks as if it _(rain) He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he _(be) a Chinese. They talked as if t

31、hey _(be) friends for many years. 【答案】is going to rain were had been 11 If only.！句型的使用 If only句子How I wishthat從句，句中用虛擬語氣。 用所給詞的適當形式填空： If only I _(be) a flying bird! If only I _(go) home tomorrow! Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I _(follow) your advice. 【答案】were would go had followed

32、12 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句和固定句型中的使用 表示建議、愿望、命令等詞的名詞性從句中，常見的詞有demand，order，require，requirement，insist，suggest，suggestion，propose，proposal，advise，advice，recommend，desire，request，urge等，從句虛擬語氣結構為 “should動詞原形”，should可以省略。 It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/.that從句，從句中的謂語用“s

33、hould動詞原形”，should可以省略。 wish (that) sb. did(表現(xiàn)在 )/had_done(表過去 )/would_do(表將來 )(三種虛擬形式) would rather (that) sb. did(表現(xiàn)在和將來 )/had_done(表過去 )(兩種虛擬形式) It's (about/high) time that sb. did sth./sb. should do sth. 用所給詞的適當形式填空： His face suggested he _(be) ill and we suggested that he _(send) to hospital

34、. He insisted he _(be) right and that he _(set) free. 實用標準文案 文檔大全 It is necessary that he _(send) to Miami. I would rather he _(come) tomorrow. It's time that we _(take) measures. I wish I _(see) the film yesterday. 【答案】was; (should) be sent was；(should) be set (should) be sent came took/should

35、take had seen 13 名詞性從句在虛擬語氣中的時態(tài) 如果狀語從句是虛擬語氣，從句或主句中的名詞性從句則根據具體語境確定時態(tài)。 用所給詞的適當形式填空： If it were not the fact that she _(can)not sing，I would invite her to the party tonight. If you came to our school，you would find that a library _(build) now. 【答案】can is being built 1. (2014·江蘇卷)It was sad to me t

36、hat they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could 2. (2014·北京卷)_ I have a word with you? It won't take long. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should 3. (2014·福建卷)_ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the worl

37、d. A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been 4. (2014·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past. A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown 5. (2014·陜西卷)We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it

38、is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay 實用標準文案 文檔大全 6. (2013·江蘇卷)I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious. A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought 7. (2013·遼寧卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at

39、 the party last night. A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk 8. (2013·全國新課標卷)The door _ open，no matter how hard she pushed. A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't 9. (2012·江蘇卷)Happy birthday! Thank you! It's the best present I _

40、 for. A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished 10. (2012·重慶卷)_ you interrupt now？Can't you see I'm on the phone? Sorry sir，but it's urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. C 1. You can

41、9;t imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman _ be so rude to the old. A. might B. need C. should D. would 2. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must 3. _ it be Li Ping who broke the glass? No. It _ be Wang Hai who did it. A. C

42、ould；may B. Can；can C. May；must D. Can；must 4. When the old man was alive，he _ sit for hours at the door. A. would B. could C. must D. might 5. He _ have been sent to hospital immediately. 實用標準文案 文檔大全 So he_，but all efforts made no difference. A. should；was B. must；did C. ought to；had D. can；has 6.

43、He denied _ stolen these watches and insisted that he _ set free at once. A. having；be B. to have；be C. having；was D. to have；was 7. Would you have told him the answer had it been possible? I would have，but I _ so busy then. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 8. Madonna _ a straightA student，but

44、 it was dancing that she was really crazy about. A. must be B. could be C. must have been D. could have been 9. He _ have completed his work，otherwise he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't 10. I was on the highway when his car went past fo

45、llowed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometres an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 11. There_ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustn't B. shan't C. shouldn&

46、#39;t D. needn't 12. Helen _ go on the trip with us，but she isn't quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 13. Who is the girl standing over there? Well，if you _ know，her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 實用標準文案 文檔大全 14. “The interest _ be divided into five parts，according

47、to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 15. It's hard to believe that Jack _ have fought with the policeman. Yes. If one _ ask for trouble，it can't be helped. A. would；will B. must；may C. should；must D. need；dare 16. Why didn't Tom give

48、 you one of his paintings? I didn't want one，but he would have given me one if I _ A. did B. would C. will D. had 17. Shall I go and buy more food and drink for the party? No，we have prepared a fridge of those. That _ be quite enough. A. can B. may C. might D. ought to 18. I _ up early this morn

49、ing，so I stayed in bed until 8 o'clock am. A. needn't have got B. didn't need to get C. shouldn't have got D. can't have got 19. He _ an action movie on TV when I called him，for I could hear the sound of fighting over the phone. A. must be watching B. must have been watching C. must have watched D. must watch 20. Has Mr.Tom White arrived? Yes，already. _ he wait outside or just come in? A. Shall B. May C. Could D. Must 21. She _ into the thick forest alone on such a dark