1、神經系統解剖名詞中文解剖名詞英文解剖名詞對照總論聯絡神經元association neuron軸突axon雙極神經元bipolar neuron中樞神經系統Central nervous system化學突觸Chemical synapse皮質Cortex樹突Dendrite樹突棘Dendrite spine電突觸Electrical synapse纖維束Fasciculus神經節Ganglion神經膠質細胞Glial cell灰質Gray matter髓質Medulla運動神經元Motor neuron多級神經元Multipolar neuron髓鞘Myelin sheath神經Nerve神

2、經細胞Nerve cell神經纖維Nerve fibers神經系統Nervous system神經原纖維Neurofibril神經膠質Neuroglia神經元Neuron尼氏體Nissl body神經核Nucleus假單極神經元Pseudounipolar neuron反射弧Reflex arc施萬細胞Schwann cell感覺神經元Sensory neuron軀體神經Somatic nerve突觸Synapse突觸間隙Synapse cleft終扣Terminal bouton內臟神經Visceral nerve白質White matter中樞神經系統皮質脊髓束Anterior corti

3、cospinal tract前索Anterior funiculus灰質前連合Anterior gray commissure 前角Anterior horn 前正中裂Anterior median fissure 脊髓小腦前束Anterior spinocerebellar tract 脊髓丘腦前束Anterior spinothalamic tract 白質前連合Anterior white commissure Barne前外側束Anterolateral tract of Barne 布朗-色夸綜合征Brown-Sequard syndrome 馬尾Cauda equine中央管Cen

4、tral canal 頸膨大Cervical enlargement 脊髓圓錐Conus medullaris皮質脊髓束Corticospinal tract 背外側束Dorsolateral fasciculus 楔束Fasciculus cuneatus薄束Fasciculus gracilis 終絲Filum terminale角Horn中間帶 Intermediate zone 中間外側核Intermediolateral nucleus 中間內側核Intermediomedial nucleus 側柱Lateral column 皮質脊髓側束Lateral corticospinal

5、 tract 外側索Lateral funiculus 脊髓丘腦側束Lateral spinothalamic tract 腰骶膨大Lumbosacral enlargement 內側縱束Medial longitudinal fasciculus 后角固有核Nucleus proprius 胸核Nucleus thoracicus后柱posterior column 后索Posterior funiculus 灰質后連合Posterior gray commissure 后正中溝Posterior median sulcus 脊髓小腦后束Posterior spinocerebellar t

6、ract 后角邊緣核Posteromarginal nucleus 網狀結構Reticular formation 網狀脊髓束Reticulospinal tract 紅核脊髓束Rubrospinal tract 骶副交感核Sacral parasympathetic nucleus 脊髓Spinal cord 膠狀質Substantia gelatinosa 頂蓋脊髓束Tectospinal tract 前庭脊髓束Vestibulospinal tract 腦展神經核Abducent nucleus 副神經核Accessory nucleus 動眼神經副核Accessory nucleus

7、of oculomotor nerve 聽結節Acoustic tubercle 前葉Anterior lobe 脊髓小腦前束Anterior spinocerebellar tract 原小腦Archicerebellum 最后區Area postrema 腦橋基底部Basilar part of pons 基底溝Basilar sulcus 結合臂Brachium conjunctivum 下丘臂Brachium of inferor colliculus 上丘臂Brachium of superior colliculus 腦橋臂Brachium pontis 腦干Brain stem

8、腦Brain (或encephalon)延髓腦橋溝Bulbopontine sulcus 小腦中央核Central nuclei of cerebellum 小腦皮質Cerebellar cortex 小腦半球Cerebellar hemispheres 小腦核Cerebellar nuclei 小腦Cerebellum 大腦水管Cerebral aqueduct 大腦腳Cerebral peduncle 大腦小腦Cerebrocerebellum第四腦室脈絡叢Choroids plexus of fouth ventricle 攀緣纖維 Climbing fiber 蝸神經核Cochlear

9、 nucleus 致密部Compact part 小腦體Corpus of cerebellum皮質延髓束Corticobulbar tract 大腦腳底Crus cerebri 楔束核Cuneate nucleus 楔束結節Cuneate tubercle 內側丘系交叉Decussation of medial lemniscus 錐體交叉Decussation of pyramid 齒狀核Dentate nucleus 蝸背側核Dorsal cochlear nucleus迷走神經背核Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve 被蓋背側交叉Dorsal tegmental

10、decussation E-W核Edinger-Westphal nucleus栓狀核Emboliform nucleus面神經丘Facial colliculus頂核Fastigial nucleus絨球小結葉Flocculonodular lobe絨球Flocculus 前腦Forebrain 第四腦室Fourth ventricle 面神經膝Genu of facial nerve 巨細胞網狀核Gigantocellular reticular nucleus 球狀核Globose nucleus 小腦小球Glomerulus 薄束核Gracile nucleus 薄束結節Gracile

11、 tubercle 菱腦Hindbrain 水平裂Horizontal fissure 舌下神經核Hypoglossal nucleus 舌下神經三角Hypoglossal triangle 小腦下腳Inferior cerebellar peduncle 下丘Inferior colliculus 下髓帆Inferior medullary velum 下橄欖核Inferior olivary nucleus 下泌涎核Inferior salivatory nucleus 前庭下核Inferior vestibular nucleus 內弓狀纖維Internal arcuate fibers

12、 腳間窩Interpeduncular fossa 中間核Interposed nuclei第四腦室外側孔Lateral apertures of fourth ventricle 外側網狀核Lateral reticular nucleus 前庭外側核Lateral vestibular nucleus 藍斑Locus ceruleus 內側隆起Medial eminence 內側丘系Medial lemniscus 內側縱束Medial longitudinal fasciculus 前庭內側核Medial vestibular nucleus 第四腦室正中孔Median aperture

13、 of fourth ventricle 正中溝Median sulcus 延髓Medulla oblongata 中腦水管mesencephalic aqueduct 三叉神經中腦核Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve 中腦Mesencephalon 后腦Metencephalon 中腦Midbrain 小腦中腳Middle cerebellar peduncle 分子層Molecular layer 三叉神經運動核Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve 末腦Myelencephalon 新小腦Neocerebellu

14、m 小結Nodule 疑核Nucleus ambiguous 展神經核Nucleus of abducent nerve 面神經核Nucleus of facial nerve 舌下神經核Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve 下丘核Nucleus of inferior colliculus 動眼神經核Nucleus of oculomotor nerve 孤束核Nucleus of solitary tract 滑車神經核Nucleus of trochlear nerve 中縫背核Nucleus raphes dorsalis 中縫大核Nucleus raphes ma

15、gnus 閂Obex 橄欖Olive 舊小腦Paleocerebellum 臂旁核Parabrachial nuclei 旁正中網狀核Paramedian reticular nucleus 小細胞網狀核Parvocellular reticular nucleus 梨狀細胞層Piriform cell layer 腦橋Pons 三叉神經腦橋核Pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve 腦橋網狀核Pontine reticular nuclei 腦橋小腦三角Pontocerebellar trigone 腦橋核Pontine nucleus 小腦后切跡Posteri

16、or cerebellar notch 后葉Posterior lobe 后穿質Posterior perforated substance 脊髓小腦后束Posterior spinocerebellar tract 后外側裂Posterolateral fissure 頂蓋前區Pretectal area 原裂Primary fissure 前腦Prosencephalon 錐體Pyramid 蚓錐體Pyramid of vermis 錐體束Pyramidal tract 紅核Red nucleus 繩狀體Restiform body 網狀部Reticular part 菱腦Rhombenc

17、ephalon 菱形窩Rhomboid fossa 紅核脊髓束Rubrospinal tract 三叉神經脊束核Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve 三叉神經脊束Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve 脊髓小腦Spinocerebellum 脊髓丘腦束Spinothalamic tract 髓紋Strae medullares黑質Substantia nigra 界溝Sulcus limitans 小腦上腳Superior cerebellar peduncle 上丘Superior colliculus 上髓帆Superior med

18、ullary velum 上橄欖核Superior salivatory nucleus 前庭上核Superior vestibular nucleus 頂蓋脊髓束Tectospinal tract 頂蓋Tectum 被蓋Tegmentum 腦橋被蓋部Tegmentum of pons 第四腦室脈絡組織Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle 小腦扁桃體Tonsil of cerebellum 斜方體Trapezoid body 三叉丘系Trigeminal lemniscus 三叉丘腦束Trigeminothalamic tract 蚓結節Tuber of ver

19、mis 蚓垂Uvula of vermis 迷走神經三角Vagal triangle 蝸腹側核Ventral cochlear nucleus 腹側網狀核Ventral reticular nucleus 被蓋腹側交叉Ventral tegmental decussation 小腦蚓Vermis 前庭區Vestibular area 前庭神經核Vestibular nuclei 前庭小腦Vestibulocerebellum 間腦、端腦杏仁體Amygdaloid body 角回Angular gyrus 前連合Anterior commissure 聯絡纖維Association fibers

20、 聽覺區Auditory area 聽覺性語言中樞Auditory speech area 基底核Basal nuclei 距狀溝Calcarine sulcus 尾狀核Caudate nucleus 中央溝Central sulcus 大腦皮質Cerebral cortex 大腦縱裂Cerebral longitudinal fissure 大腦橫裂Cerebral transverse fissure 扣帶回Cingulated gyrus 屏狀核Claustrum 側副溝Collateral sulcus 連合纖維Commissural fibers 胼胝體Corpus callosum

21、 紋狀體Corpus striatum 齒狀回Dentate gyrus 間腦Diencephalons 背側縱束Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus 背側丘腦Dorsal thalamus 上丘腦Epithalamus 第軀體運動區First somatic motor area 第軀體感覺區First somatic sensory area 穹窿連合Fornical commissure 穹窿Fornix 額葉Frontal lobe 蒼白球Globus pallidus 味覺區Gustatory area 海馬結構Hippocampal formation 垂體

22、門靜脈Hypophysial portal veins 垂體Hypophysis 下丘腦溝Hypothalamic sulcus 下丘腦Hypothalamus 額下回Inferior frontal gyrus 漏斗核Infundibular nucleus 漏斗Infundibulum 島葉Insula 額下溝Interior frontal sulcus 內囊Internal capsule 內髓板Internal medullary lamina 室間孔Interventricular foramen 外側膝狀體Lateral geniculate body 外側溝Lateral su

23、lcus 側腦室Lateral ventricle 豆狀核Lentiform nucleus 邊緣葉 Limbic lobe 邊緣系統Limbic system 乳頭丘腦束Mamillothalamic tract 乳頭體Mammilary body 前腦內側束Medial forebrain bundle 內側膝狀體Medial geniculate body 后丘腦Metathalamus 額中回Middle frontal gyrus 運動性語言中樞Motor speech area 神經干細胞Neural stem cell 枕葉Occipital lobe 嗅覺區Olfactory

24、area 視交叉Optic chiasma 中央旁小葉Paracentral lobule 海馬旁回Parahippocampal gyrus 室旁核Paraventricular nucleus 室旁垂體束Paraventriculohypophysial tract 頂葉Parietal lobe 頂枕溝Parietooccipital sulcus 松果體Pineal body 中央后回Postcentral gyrus 中央前回Precentral gyrus 投射纖維Projection fibers 殼Putamen 隔區Septal area 底丘腦Subthalamus 額上回

25、Superior frontal gyrus 額上溝Superior frontal sulcus 緣上回Supramarginal gyrus 視上核Supraoptic nucleus 視上垂體束Supraopticohypophysial tract 端腦Telencephalon 顳葉Temporal lobe 透明隔Transparent septum 顳橫回Transverse temporal gyrus 灰結節Tuber cinerem 結節垂體束tuberohypophysial tract 結節漏斗束Tuberoinfundibular tract 鉤Uncus 腹前核Ve

26、ntral anterior nucleus 腹外側核Ventral lateral nucleus 腹后核Ventral posterior nucleus 腹后外側核Ventral posterolateral nucleus 腹后內側核Ventral posteromedial nucleus 平衡覺區Vestibular area 視覺區Visual area 視覺性語言中樞Visual speech area 書寫中樞Writing area 腦神經展神經Abducent nerve 副神經Accessory nerve 副神經核Accessory nucleus 傳入神經Affer

27、ent nerves 迷走神經前干Anterior vagal trunk 順行潰變Anterograde degeneration 耳顳神經Auriculotemporal nerve 自主神經系統Autonomic nervous system 頰神經Buccal nerve 頸動脈竇支Carotid sinus branch 腹腔支Celiac branches 頸支Cervical branch 鼓索Chorda tymani 睫狀神經節Ciliary ganglion 蝸神經節Cochlear nerve 蝸神經Cochlear nerve 交通支Communicating bran

28、ch 腦神經Cranial nerves 傳出神經Efferent nerves 面神經Facial nerve 額神經Frontal nerve 神經節Ganglion 膝神經節Geniculate ganglion舌咽神經Glossopharyngeal nerve 耳大神經Great auricular nerve 枕大神經Greater occipital nerve 巖大神經Greater petrosal nerve 肝支Hepatic branches 舌下神經Hypoglossal nerve 髂腹下神經Iliohypogastric nerve 髂腹股溝神經Ilioingui

29、nal nerve 下牙槽神經Inferior alveolar nerve 下神經節Inferior ganglion 喉下神經Inferior laryngeal nerve 眶下神經Infraorbital nerve 滑車下神經Infratrochlear nerve 中間神經Intermediate nerve 淚腺神經Lacrimal nerve 枕小神經Lesser occipital nerve 巖小神經Lesser petrosal nerve 舌支Lingual branches 舌神經Lingual nerve 下頜神經Mandibular nerve 下頜緣支Margi

30、nal madibular branch 上頜神經Maxillary nerve 鼻睫神經Nasociliary nerve 動眼神經Oculomotor nerve 嗅神經Olfactory nerve 眼神經Ophthalmic nerve 視神經Optic nerve 耳神經節Otic ganglion 副交感神經Parasympathetic nerve 周圍神經系統Peripheral nervous system 咽支Pharyngeal branche 膈神經Phrenic nerve 后支Posterior branch 胃后支Posterior gastric branche

31、 后根Posterior root 迷走神經后干Posterior vagal trunk 翼腭神經節Pterygopalatine ganglion 喉返神經Recurrent laryngeal nerve 逆行潰變Retrograde degeneration 軀體神經Somatic nerve 脊神經節Spinal ganglion 脊神經Spinal nerve 鐙骨肌神經Stapedial nerve 下頜下神經節Submandibular ganglion 上牙槽神經Superior alveolar nerves 上神經節Superior ganglion 喉上神經Superi

32、or laryngeal nerve 鎖骨上神經Supraclavicular nerves 眶上神經Supraorbital nerve 滑車上神經Supratrochlear nerve 顳支Temporal branches 三叉神經節（半月節）Trigeminal ganglion 三叉神經Trigeminal nerve 滑車神經Trochlear nerve 鼓室神經Tympanic nerve 迷走神經Vagus nerve 植物神經系統Vegetative nervous system 前庭神經節Vestibular ganglion 前庭神經Vestibular nerve

33、前庭蝸神經Vestibulocochlear nerve 內臟神經Visceral nerves 顴神經Zygomatic nerve 內臟神經系統腹主動脈叢Abdominal aortic plexus 主動脈腎神經節Aorticorenal ganglion 自主神經系統Autonomic nervous system 心叢Cardiac plexus 腹腔神經節Celiac ganglion 腹腔叢Celiac plexus 頸外動脈叢External carotid plexus 交感干神經節Ganglia of sympathetic trunk 奇神經節Ganglion impar

34、 內臟大神經Greater splanchnic nerve 灰交通支Grey communicating branches 海德帶Head zones 腹下叢Hypogastric plexus 頸下神經節Inferior cervical ganglion 腸系膜下神經節Inferior mesenteric ganglia 節間支Interganglionic branches 頸內動脈叢Internal carotid plexus 內臟小神經Lesser splanchnic nerve 腰內臟神經Lumbar cervical ganglion 副交感神經Parasympathet

35、ic nerve 椎旁神經節Paravertebral ganglion 盆叢Pelvic plexus 盆內臟神經Pelvic splanchnic nerve 咽叢Pharyngeal plexus 內臟神經叢Plexus of visceral nerve 節后纖維Postganglionic fiber 節后神經元Postganglionic neruron 節前纖維Preganglionic fiber 節前神經元Preganglionic neuron 星狀神經節Stellate ganglion 鎖骨下動脈叢Subclavian plexus 頸上神經節Superior cerv

36、ical ganglion 腸系膜上神經節Superior mesenteric ganglion 交感干Sympathetic trunk 交感神經Sympathetic nerve 胸神經節Thoracic ganglia 植物神經系統Vegetative nervous system 椎動脈叢Vertebral plexus 內臟運動神經Visceral motor nerve 內臟神經系統Visceral nervous system 內臟感覺神經Visceral sensory nerve 白交通支White communicating branches 神經系統傳導路聽輻射Acou

37、stic radiationg 腎上腺能通路Adrenergic pathway 胺能通路Aminergic patheway 聽覺傳導通路Auditory pathway 丘腦中央輻射Central radiation of thalamus 化學通路Chemical pathways 膽堿能通路Cholinergic pathway 傳導通路Conductive pathway 皮質核束Corticonuclear tract 皮質脊髓束Corticospinal tract 多巴胺能通路Dopaminergic pathway 平衡覺傳導通路Equilibrium pathway 錐體外系Extrapyramidal system 最后公路Final common pathway 一般內臟感覺傳導通路General visceral sensory pathway 核下癱Infranuclear paralysis 下運動神經元Lower motor neuron 運動（下行）傳導通路Motor (descending) pathway 震顫麻痹Parkinsons disease 瞳孔對光反射Pupillary light reflex pathway 錐體束Pyramidal tract錐體系Pyramidal system 感覺（上行）傳