1、學(xué)學(xué) 號：號：NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY畢畢 業(yè)業(yè) 論論文文GRADUATE THESIS論文題目：論文題目：呼嘯山莊呼嘯山莊中希克厲人性的變化中希克厲人性的變化學(xué)生姓名：學(xué)生姓名： 專業(yè)班級：專業(yè)班級：1111 英語英語 1 班班學(xué)學(xué) 院：外國語學(xué)院院：外國語學(xué)院指導(dǎo)教師：指導(dǎo)教師： 2015 年 05 月 21 日The Change of Heathcliffs HumanityByA graduate thesissubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

2、for the degree of Bachelor of Arts to theCollege of Foreign LanguagesNorth China University of Science and TechnologyMay 21st, 2015摘 要呼嘯山莊是英國女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉勃朗特的作品，是 19世紀(jì)英國文學(xué)的代表作之一。小說描寫吉卜賽棄兒希克厲被山莊老主人收養(yǎng)后，因受辱和戀愛不遂外出致富。回來后對與其女友凱瑟琳結(jié)婚的地主林頓及其子女進行報復(fù)的故事。全篇充滿強烈的反壓迫、爭幸福的斗爭精神，又始終籠罩著離奇、緊張的浪漫氣氛。艾米莉勃朗特在其短短 30 年的歲月里，

3、僅留給后世唯一一部長篇小說。這部小說一出版就遭到猛烈的抨擊，有的學(xué)者說它是“一部駭人聽聞的，荒謬絕倫的，毫無意義的作品” ， “小說充滿陰森恐怖病態(tài)心理和異教思想” ，甚至有人嘲弄說“這部恐怖的，令人作嘔的小說” 。但它經(jīng)住了時間的考驗，被譽為“最奇特的小說” ，并在英國文學(xué)史上占據(jù)極其重要的地位，時至今日它仍以非凡的藝術(shù)魅力，鮮明的主題思想，使無數(shù)讀者為之折服。呼嘯山莊中主人公是一個有爭議的人物形象,多數(shù)關(guān)于小說的評論都是圍繞著希克厲的人性中的善惡展開的,有人說他是拜倫式的英雄,或是被壓迫工人階級反抗的代表；還有人說他是靈魂扭曲的惡魔,或是喪失人性的瘋狂復(fù)仇者。本文將從多個角度分析男主人公希

4、克厲人性的變化。關(guān)鍵詞 人性；變化；希克厲ABSTRACTWuthering Heights is the work of Emily Bronte who is one of Emily sister, is the representative of the nineteenth Century English literature. The novel depicts a Gypsy Heathcliff adopted by the old master of villa, because the result and failing love he go out to make mo

5、ney and get rich. When he was returned he began to revenge the landlord Layton who married Catherine and their children. It is full of strong spirit of the struggle against oppression, for happiness, and always hangs over the strange, nervous romantic atmosphere.In Emily Brontes short 30 years, only

6、 to write one novel. This novel is published by the violent attack, some scholars say that it is a frightful to the ear, utterly ridiculous, meaningless works, the novel full of horror morbidity and heresy, and even some people ridicule said this is a horrible, disgusting novel . But it has stood th

7、e test of time, is known as the most peculiar novel, and occupied an important position in the history of English literature, and today it is still extraordinary artistic charm, distinctive theme, make countless readers for admiration.Wuthering Heights heroine is a controversial character, the major

8、ity of comments about the novel around Heathcliff in the human nature of good and evil, some people say he is Byron hero, or oppressed the working class against the representative; others say he is the soul of twisted demon, or is the loss of human crazy avenger. This paper will analyze the change o

9、f the hero Heathcliff humanity from multiple angles.Keywords humanity; change; heathcliffCONTENTS摘 要.IABSTRACT .IIChapter 1 Introduction .11.1 Introduction on Emily Bronte.11.2 Introduction on Wuthering Heights.21.3 Introduction on Background.21.4 Introduction on Humanity.3Chapter 2 Literature Revie

10、w and Analysis of Heathcliff.52.1 Literature Review .52.2 Analysis of Heathcliff.6Chapter 3 The Change of Heathcliffs Humanity .83.1 The Coldness of Humanity.83.2 The Loss of Humanity.93.3 The Return of Humanity.11Chapter 4 Conclusion.12BIBLIOGRAPHY.13ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.14Chapter 1 IntroductionWutheri

11、ng Heights is the only published novel by Emily Bronte, A women writer in nineteen century English literature. The main content of novel is organized by the love story between Heathcliff and Catherine. Love-hatred-revenge-restoration of humanity on Heathcliff is not only the essence of the novel, bu

12、t also the thread throughout the novel. This thesis attempts to discuss the theme of Heathcliffs restoration of humanity, by reviewing the experience of Heathcliff. The highlight of the novel is the love story between Heathcliff and Catherine, whose love has exceeded the love in general and reached

13、the love of an ideal state. However, because of the special environment they live their wonderful dream cannot come true and their reunion can only appear in heaven. Here the death of body means the rebirth of spirit, the restoration of humanity after the death. In Emilys mind death is equal to eter

14、nity, life can go on and love can relight. Where there is human being, there is love. The humanity can be distorted, but cannot be devoured; the exalted love will win over the cruel revenge in the end.1.1 Introduction on Emily BronteEmily Bronte was an English novelist and poet. She is considered as

15、 one of the most important figures in the nineteen century English literature. Wuthering heights, the only novel of Emily Bronte makes her world famous. The perfect combining of its powerful style, strange imagination, mysterious atmosphere and romantic passion makes Wuthering Heights a unique work

16、of the great genius. Emily Bronte was born without any peculiar talent for literature. The early reading of Emily came from their fathers library, which held works of history, biography and poetry (especially the complete works of Milton and Byron). Sister Charlotte said as much in 1850 to the readi

17、ng of Wuthering Height: neither Neither Emily nor Anne was learned; they had no thought of filling their pitchers at the well-spring of other minds; they always wrote from the impulse of nature, the dictates of intuition and from such stores of observation as their limited experience had enabled the

18、m to amass. Emily Bronte is different from other contemporary writers. Her imagination is narrow, but more intense. She sees less, but what she sees is absolutely present: none of writers has describes the moors, the wind, the sky, with the passionate fidelity as her, but this is all of nature that

19、she describes. The power and charming of Emily Brontes novel doesnt lie in naturalistic description, or in a detailed analysis of the issues of social living.1.2 Introduction on Wuthering HeightsWuthering Heights is Emily Brontes only novel. Written between October 1845 and June 1846 and published i

20、n 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. Wuthering Heights is the name of the farmhouse where the story unfolds. The essays main theme is the destructive effect of jealousy and vengefulness both on the jealous or vengeful individuals and on their communities. Although Wuthering Heights is now widely r

21、egarded as a classic of English literature, contemporary reviews for the novel were deeply polarized; it was considered controversial because its depiction of mental and physical cruelty was unusually stark, and it challenged strict Victorian ideals of the day, including religious hypocrisy, moralit

22、y, social classes and gender inequality.Wuthering Heights centers on the story of Heathcliff. He is an orphan brought to live at Wuthering Heights by Mr.Earnshaw, Heath cliff falls into an intense, unbreakable love with Mr.Earnshaws daughter Catherine .After Mr.Earnshaw dies, his resentful son Hindl

23、ey abuses Heath cliff and treats him as a servant. Because of her desire for social prominence, Catherine marries Edgar Linton instead of Heathcliff. Heathcliffs humiliation and misery prompt him to spend most of the rest of his life seeking revenge on Hindley, his beloved Catherine, and their respe

24、ctive children (Harleton and young Catherine).A powerful, fierce, and often cruel man, Heath cliff acquire a fortune and uses his extraordinary powers of will to acquire both Wuthering Heights and Thrush cross Grange, the estate of Edgar Linton.1.3 Introduction on BackgroundEmily Bronte lived in Vic

25、torian Times for three decades. Those three decades are the era of unrest society in the United Kingdom. The poet William Blake, writing near the turn of the nineteenth century, speaks of Englands “dark Satanic Mills” That time, the Industrial Revolution affected all the England, even the whole worl

26、d: capitalism was developing and increasing exposure to its inherent defects. Followed by a conflict between workers and capitalists, the government had issued a number of laws to protect the interests of the rich, so the gap between rich and poor was growing. The unemployed workers were in poverty

27、and a large number of labors had been brutally tortured to death. This was followed by the outbreak of the famous Charter of movement, and the British Government took high-pressure on democratic struggle and the labor movement. That time, every Englishmans mind was like going through a hurricane, ev

28、en in north remote areas, the landowners could no longer be like before that had nothing to suffer. Our writer, Emily Bronte, was born in this era of struggle. Wuthering Height is based partly on the Gothic tradition of the late eighteenth century, a style of literature that featured supernatural en

29、counters, crumbling ruins, moonless nights, and grotesque imagery, seeking to create effect of mystery and fear. The bulk of its popularity may rest on its unforgettable character s. As a shattering presentation of the doomed love affair between the fiercely passionate Catherine and Heath cliff, it

30、remains one of the most haunting love stories in all of literature. As time passes by, Wuthering Heights has gained more and more attention. Throughout the hundred years the scholars have attained remarkable achievements from different points of view, such as themes, narrative skills, writing style,

31、 language, and feminism. This paper tries to analysis the change of Heath cliffs humanity on Wuthering heights. 1.4 Introduction on HumanityHuman nature is a basic concept in philosophy. Since ancient times, there are so many disputes about what is the human nature. The philosopher of ancient Greece

32、 thought that human nature is composed of one or more quality. These qualities determine the difference between human and other animal. The Bible sin is sin that all men, because they are inherently inherited human ancestor Adams sin. However, the beginning of Three Character Classic is Men at their

33、 birth, are good in nature. It can be seen that so far for the concept of human nature has not consistent conclusion. But we cant deny that the world of human life is not perfect, it is full of greed and ugly. Human nature is benevolence side and an inhibition of evil and sin. In this sense, Wutheri

34、ng Heights depiction of humanity is very successful, between the good and evil of human nature of the characters in the book of the transformation and the living environment and social status are closely linked. When in Victoria the author will mainly struggle between man and man as a social form, b

35、ut Emily will be the main contradiction between people is reflected in its inner world, is focused on describing the psychological activities of the characters and their twisted conscience. Heathcliff, Catherine, Cathy and Harleton, the characters are so vivid interpretation of the love and hate in

36、Emilys works, the nature of love, Emily express explicitly.Chapter 2 Literature Review and Analysis of Heathcliff Wuthering Heights since its inception, people comment on it favorable and unfavorable, it was accused of sinister, morbid, immoral and pagan ideas, not people too, but increasingly favor

37、ed by the world, and more and more prominent critics praised it, which is mainly reflected in its literary value and artistic features. Value of literary works mainly in the following two aspects: one is to create a typical characters; second is to truly reflect the typical environment in which the

38、characters. In recent years, many new achievements of domestic research on Wuthering Heights in different perspective are made, but compared with foreign research results there is still a gap between. So I want to explore why our study isnt as good as foreign. And I want study deeply Heath cliffs hu

39、manitys change in different aspect. Find the reasons that make heath cliff change. And state the progress of return of Health Cliffs humanity.2.1 Literature ReviewThere are many professes and scholars have analyzed the character of Health cliff. Many scholars have analyzed the reason of the forming

40、of the character of Health cliff from different sides, some of them think his character is informal and ill-treat himself, and some think that is because of the social background, but also some scholars think he is the hero of the love who dare to love and hate.Wuthering Heights since its inception,

41、 people comment on it favorable and unfavorable, it was accused of sinister, morbid, immoral and pagan ideas, not people too, but increasingly favored by the world, and more and more prominent critics praised it, which is mainly reflected in its literary value and artistic features. Value of literar

42、y works mainly in the following two aspects: one is to create a typical characters; second is to truly reflect the typical environment in which the characters. In recent years, many new achievements of domestic research on Wuthering Heights in different perspective are made, but compared with foreig

43、n research results there is still a gap between. Zhao Yunmei in Wuthering Heights Byron hero - Greek thorn wrote: Heath cliff in Wuthering Heights of Heath cliff in Yi unruly character, a strong love, lonely character and violent and perverse Avengers, embodies the characteristics of Byrons Heroes h

44、as. Because of the poor social status, unfortunate family life.Sun Lina in Wuthering Heights, Heath cliff image reconsideration conclusion is: Heath cliff has many a young beauty of humanity, to suffer injury after a distorted humanity into a crazy avenger, and to the process of return of human natu

45、re, the evolution character, that hurt the nineteenth Century British social hierarchy and prejudice against human nature.Chen Mingxia wrote in the literary space and human - Wuthering Heights the hero Heath cliff distortion of human nature exploration: look at know deep meaning it contains of space

46、 in literary perspective, in the novel the natural space in the wilderness a storm powerful summon Chen Xing Yu season, the real with Heath cliffs human machine bullwhip, the social space of Heath cliff physical abuse, especially spiritual oppression, encourage and exclusion is the root of human dep

47、ravity and distortedI think future research on Wuthering Heights should give further from the following aspects: First, the writer present world view, more research technique characters of art so we in the research content aspect to win further. Second, further research in the use of modern critical

48、 theories and interdisciplinary theoretical research. Domestic scholars have been started and the research of this aspect has made certain achievements, but there is still a certain distance compared with foreign research results. We should give it more open multidimensional thinking space to study

49、and explore.2.2 Analysis of HeathcliffAt the beginning of the novel, the master of Wuthering Heights, brought a child from outside, the child is the protagonist of the novel Heathcliff, the childs true identity, has not been described in the novel, but the villas owner especially loved him. However

50、as the villas son Hendry is not as good as Heathcliff, he had begun to revenge, Hendry inherited the fortunes of Wuthering Heights and treated Heathcliff as servant. Heathcliff endure all of this silently because he fall love in Hendrys sister. They grew up together, had deep feelings, love each oth

51、er, but God does not seem to have mercy on this unlucky person, Hendrys sister Catherine married to thrush farmstead owners. Experienced the inconstancy of human relationships, Heathcliff chose to leave, leave this sad place, everything was restored calm, and he achieved great success on the outside

52、, with a huge property after three years.Back to the place, his identity has changed a lot, but the women he loved has been married, in the influence of cruel life, Heath Cliffs character has changed.He wanted to take revenge on the people, the first one is Hendry, he cheated of all property of Wuth

53、ering Heights by way of gambling, Hendry street, finally because of drinking too much and died, but he didnt satisfy. He also put Hendrys son Hareton become servant, completed the revenge of Wuthering Heights, he began to take revenge on Thrushcross Grange which married his love. He deliberately mar

54、ried his sister to Thrushcross Grange, after marriage he treated his wife with great cruelty, Catherine saw everything. She put all the faults on her head, the heart pain. Although the life after marriage is not happiness, but as the hostess of Thrushcross Grange, nor wronged, full of contradiction

55、and pain in the heart, and finally died of dystocia. Before dying, she met him last time, she caught hold of the young lover, hope to be able to influence him, let him not to retaliate, but apparently Heathcliff did not understand her. After the death of Catherine, his revenge is more obvious, he le

56、t Catherines only daughter to marry his dying son, eventually became Thrushcross Granges master and his son and Catherines son are dead finally. He has not only the Wuthering Heights but also Thrushcross Grange, had been done to his people are dead, all completed in revenge, he did not get the satis

57、fied, but feel very empty, and finally his hunger strike to die, the daughter of Catherine and the son of Heathcliff fall in love at the end of his son, and heir to Heathcliff property.Chapter 3 The Change of Heathcliffs HumanityFor this novel there are a lot of opinions, some people think this is a

58、 love tragedy, others think this is the product of the times. Personally speaking, I think Wuthering Heights is mainly about the return of human nature. And it consists of three parts: the coldness of humanity, the losses of humanity, the return of humanity. Now I will analyze the process of humanit

59、y return in detail. My thesis intends to discuss the hero Heath cliffs humanity. As we all know, with the plot developing, Cliffs humanity is changing. My thesis consists of five parts. The section one is the introduction. In the section two, I will tell the background of the Wuthering Heights. In t

60、he section three, I will give a brief introduction to Wuthering Heights and explain Cliffs character simply. In the section four, I will analyze how the cliffs humanity change and my opinion about that. The section five is the conclusion.3.1 The Coldness of HumanityIn the first three parts, author p