1、閱讀表達專項練習(2013上海卷) A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to sea

2、rch for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise. They found that almost all of the categories (類別) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage. “It is a steady and continu

3、ous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these mediamovies, radio, dramahad

4、 more emotional content than books.” Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwa rds trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical event

5、s. During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected

6、wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true. “It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (壓抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing filled with romance and sex perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and bo

7、oks may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)本篇是一篇關于文學作品中詞匯用量研究的科普文章。開篇首段即提出一個研究結論：在各種類型的書籍中，表達情感的詞匯用量在下降。第二段對上文進行補充，強調單單表達恐懼的詞匯用量呈上升趨勢。緊接著第三段中給出了造成這種情緒詞匯下降的原因新媒體（電影、廣播、

8、戲劇）的崛起。第四、五、六段進一步探討了新話題：表示快樂的詞匯用量與表示悲傷的詞匯用量這兩者的比率，能間接反映出歷史事件和歷史趨勢。1. A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except .【答案】in the category of fear【解析】細節理解題。首先根據題干關鍵詞A study of more than, decline, “mood words”定位至第一段第一句與第二段首句。接著題干中的except一詞表示轉折，表示與先前描述不符的情況，

9、順勢與第二段末句內容 “Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.”相對應，表明除了in the category of fear，其余的情況情感用詞都在下降。所以，正確答案填in the category of fear。2. According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that 【答案】the literary position has changed in a crowded me

10、dia landscape/ other mediamovies, radio, dramahad more emotional content【解析】細節理解題。該題目要求考生找出感情用詞下降現象的產生原因，而第三段主要內容都是在解釋該現象的產生原因。再根據題干人名Dr Alberto Acerbi定位至第三段第二句。explained by后即為所填內容，整合后答案可為“the literary position has changed in a crowded media landscape”。同時也可定位至第三段最后一句，表明其他類型的媒介如電影、廣播、戲劇能承載更多的情感內容，經整合

11、后答案是 “other mediamovies, radio, dramahad more emotional content”。3. What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest? . 【答案】During the Roaring Twenties and before the recent financial crash.【解析】細節理解題。由題干關鍵詞 “joy-to-sadness ratio” 定位至第五段首句，意為在“During the Roaring Twenties”比率達

12、至頂峰，這種情形直到 “before the recent financial crash”才又一次出現。所以 “reached a peak”前面的主語與“until”后的內容即為所要求填寫的內容，整合后答案是 “During the Roaring Twenties and before the recent financial crash.”。4. While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they were not sure that .【答案】their research

13、 result reflected wider social trends/ songs and books reflected the real population【解析】細節理解題。題干表明研究人員態度有一種轉折，由此定位至第五段末句。其中 “held a reserved opinion”與題干中 “were not sure”相對應，則答案即可完善為“their research result reflected wider social trends”。同時因為文章第六段是對第五段觀點的具體展開說明，所以亦可定位至第六段最后一句，意為研究者不能確定歌曲和書籍是否反映出了真實人口數，

14、即答案也可以是 “songs and books reflected the real population”。(2013湖南卷) “Lets Talk”：The Free Advice Project A few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on

15、a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice. A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length. Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experiment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day wi

16、th a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people. Podell was astonished at the strong response. Pod ell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial. People learn from herbut she also learns from them. She says that the

17、 majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making pr

18、 ocess.Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way. Podell simply strives to provide people with perspective.I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each pub

19、lic space in New York, which would be carried out by v arious volunteers across the city. It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New Yorkwhere it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. 1. In what way was Podell different from other people in the park?

20、(No more than 6 words) .2. What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words) .3. According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions?(No more than 6 words) .4. How would Podell promote her project in New York? (No more than 15 words) .81. She was giving free advice.82.

21、 They expect her to listen and provide real answers.83. They should talk things out.84. She would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers.81.本題題目難度不高但是定位不太容易，需要考生具備熟練的定位能力和清晰的思維。根據Podell第一次出現定位到第三段，但是本段并沒有出現其different之處(也可根據Podell為高頻詞無法定位而選用different from定位)，different出現在第一段最后But

22、off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice.再通過第二段的A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.和第三段開頭Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May可知a woman就是Podell，故答案為：She was givi

23、ng free advice.82.根據people in need 和expect定位到and they expect her not only to listen, but also to provide real answers. 由于字數限制，這里需要將答案改為簡單句：They expect her to listen and provide real answer.83.根據making decision定位到Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decision-making process. 得出答

24、案為：They should talk things out.84.根據New York定位到尾段Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.由于字數限制可將從句合并到簡單句中變成： She would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers.(2013江西卷) 1 Fishing

25、is probably the worlds most popular sport. People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment , bait, fuel and boat repairs. And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime. Fishing lovers believe that th

26、eir hobby is worth it. Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby. 2 Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby. Firstly, of the millions of people who fish for fun , most only catch enough fish to feed their families. They catch fish that are found in la

27、rge numbers, so there is little danger to the species (種類). 3 Secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy. They spend money on equipment and other items, and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel. Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodat

28、ion (食宿) and airfares. This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year. 4 Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress. Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing. People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near - exce

29、pt for the smell of the bait ! 5 Those who _ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. This could lead to the dying out of some species. Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fi

30、shermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young. 6 Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun. Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away. Once hooked

31、, fish have no chance of escape.1. What is the main idea of the passage ? (no more than 4 words) .2. According to Paragraph 2 , why does fishing cause little danger to the species ?(no more than 8 words) .3. List 4 items on which people spend their money for fishing. (no more than 7 words) .4. Fill

32、in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. Those who _ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers, lakes, streams and oceans.5. What does the word “which” (Line 1, Paragraph6) probably refer to ? (no more than 3 words) _ 本文是一篇說明文。文章陳述了人們對“釣魚”的兩種不同態度。支持者認為釣魚是一種非常好的愛好，數百萬人從中獲

33、得樂趣，可以養家糊口，促進經濟發展，還能放松身心，釋放壓力；反對者認為釣魚破壞環境，是一項血淋淋的殺戮。76.【答案】Different views on fishing 【解析】主旨大意題。第一段提出釣魚這項運動，最后兩句提出釣魚愛好者與反對者對釣魚的兩種不同的看法。下文就詳細說明這兩種不同的看法。譯出，文章的主要內容就是人們對釣魚的不同看法。77.【答案】Fishing lovers catch fish found in large numbers【解析】細節理解題。根據“They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there

34、is little danger tothe species (種類)”可以得出答案。將原文的定語從句簡化成過去分詞短語作定語。78.【答案】boats, vehicles, fishing equipment, bait, boat repairs, accommodation and airfares.(列出其中四項即可)【解析】細節理解題。根據“People spend many dollars each year on items like boats andfour-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fish

35、ing equipment , bait, fuel and boat repairs.”可以直接得到答案。79. 【答案】disagree with fishing(are against fishing) 【解析】 補全信息題。結合其他段落，這個補全信息題就是根據第五段的主題句。第五和第六段都是講的反對釣魚的人所持的觀點因此，應補全為：反對釣魚/不同意釣魚的那些人。80. 【答案】A blood sport【解析】詞意指代題。分析“which”所在的句子可知，句子的主語是“Those say that it is a blood sport”，“which”引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為“

36、a blood sport”因此“which”指代的就是“a blood sport”。句意：反對者還說釣魚是一項血淋淋的運動，它意味著人類為了獲得快樂而讓動物非得死亡不可。 (2013天津卷) My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. Id finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye: NASA was holdi

37、ng an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探測器).Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind, Curiosity. I couldnt want for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my finger

38、s ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyones mind.” Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face. On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m, the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I was honored to

39、have a front-row seat in NASA. Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours. Shed tell me stories and point out the st

40、ars, Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didnt know about them. Thats what I love so much about space. People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares. My answer is simple because were curious. We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out whats over the hill and beyond the horizon.1. How did Clara get the news about the essay contest?( no more than 10 words) . 2.Why did Clara have a