1、 園林植物栽培養(yǎng)護(hù)課創(chuàng)新教學(xué)探究中英文翻譯garden plant cultivation in english teaching of translation摘要:園林植物栽培養(yǎng)護(hù)課教學(xué)方法要改革創(chuàng)新，要充分利用教學(xué)實(shí)踐基地，實(shí)施專項(xiàng)教學(xué)實(shí)踐模塊，要充分利用實(shí)踐實(shí)習(xí)基地，并增加實(shí)地教學(xué)，重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，進(jìn)行大膽教育教學(xué)創(chuàng)新探究。abstract: the teaching method of maintenance course of gardening plant cultivation to reform and innovation, to make full use of tea

2、ching practice base, the implementation of special teaching module, to make full use of practice base, and increased field teaching, pay attention to the application of network technology, the bold innovation of teaching and education research.關(guān)鍵詞:園林植物栽培養(yǎng)護(hù); 實(shí)踐教學(xué); 創(chuàng)新keywords : landscape plants cultiv

3、ation; practical teaching; innovation隨著園林事業(yè)的發(fā)展和壯大，需要大量面向城鎮(zhèn)園林建設(shè)第一線，從事園林綠化、尤其是園林植物栽培養(yǎng)護(hù)管理等方面的應(yīng)用型人才，實(shí)用型人才。with the development of the landscape industry and development, needs a large number of the urban landscape construction first-line, engaged in gardening, especially applied talents of garden plant

4、cultivation and conservation management, practical talents.這就要求學(xué)生在校期間就能學(xué)到扎實(shí)的理論知識與實(shí)踐技能，從而滿足社會對人才的需要，在傳授給學(xué)生知識的同時，更要注重及時鞏固所學(xué)知識、技能，在記憶和體驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上提高知識本領(lǐng)和實(shí)踐技能，使學(xué)生學(xué)有所用，掌握一技之長。this requires the students can learn the theoretical knowledge and practical skills solid, so as to meet the needs of society for talent

5、s, in imparting knowledge to the students at the same time, more attention should be paid to in time to consolidate the knowledge, skills, improve the knowledge of this field and practical skills in the basis of memory and experience, enable students to learn, have proficiency in a particular line.一

6、、教學(xué)方法要改革創(chuàng)新a method to reform and innovation, teaching教學(xué)方法和教學(xué)手段要大膽改革，這是培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)人才不可忽視的首要問題。在園林植物栽培養(yǎng)護(hù)的教學(xué)中進(jìn)行教學(xué)方法的改進(jìn)，是大勢所趨，教學(xué)實(shí)踐證明，應(yīng)從以下幾個方面入手。teaching method and teaching means to bold reform, this is the first issue that can not be ignored the cultivation of high-quality talents. improved, teaching methods

7、 in garden plant cultivation and conservation of the teaching is represent the general trend, teaching practice, we should begin from the following several aspects.( 一) 增加多媒體示范教學(xué)( a ) to add multimedia demonstration teaching將理論與實(shí)踐結(jié)合起來，對難理解的抽象內(nèi)容用圖片多媒體的方式展現(xiàn)給學(xué)生，同時用實(shí)物進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)自己總結(jié)特點(diǎn)，這樣學(xué)起來即輕松又牢固。現(xiàn)在的教學(xué)中往往會出現(xiàn)這樣

8、的問題: 教師在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生實(shí)際操作的時候，學(xué)生總會提出各種各樣的問題，會干擾老師的思路，這樣的結(jié)果可能是，越做越差，越修改越對示范操作不利。因此在教學(xué)中應(yīng)該遵循一般程序示范: 先選擇一兩個實(shí)例進(jìn)行分析講解，然后動手演示一個具體的操作，并在演示中和演示后總結(jié)出相關(guān)的普遍性原理，最后再進(jìn)一步用不同的設(shè)計實(shí)例說明和印證相關(guān)的原理。這樣，學(xué)生才能在學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐中快速提高實(shí)踐技能。combine theory with practice, to the abstract content hard to understand with pictures of multimedia to show the wa

9、y to the students, and test their summary of the characteristics of real, so it easy and firm. such problems often present teaching: teachers in guiding students practice, students will present a variety of problems, can interfere with the idea of the teacher, this could be the result of, getting wo

10、rse, more modifications on the side of the demonstration. therefore, should follow the general procedure demonstration in the teaching : first choose one or two examples to explain, and then began to demonstrate a specific operation, and summarizes the general principle in the demonstration and demo

11、nstration, finally further design examples of different explanation principle and confirm related. in this way, students can enhance practical skills in learning and practice.多媒體教學(xué)具有圖文并茂、生動形象、信息量大等特點(diǎn)，能直觀、全面、生動地傳遞各類知識信息。multimedia teaching has the characteristics of abundant, vivid image, a large amo

12、unt of information, can be intuitive, comprehensive, vivid transfer all kinds of knowledge and information.它可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維，提高形象思維的能力，同樣也可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象的空間，更有利于對知識的理解和掌握。it can train students' creative thinking, improve the ability of thinking in images, but also can cultivate students' imagination s

13、pace, more conducive to the understanding and mastery of knowledge.( 二) 增加實(shí)例教學(xué)( two ) increase the example teaching實(shí)例教學(xué)即通過典型的實(shí)例的分析，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)思路，起到舉一反三的作用，是值得采用的教學(xué)方式。它還可以避免某些“只可意會，不可言傳”的空洞理論現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，同時要注意實(shí)例的選擇應(yīng)結(jié)合當(dāng)前市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的前沿動態(tài)，讓學(xué)生及時了解和掌握最新的信息和發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。examples of teaching through the analysis of typical example

14、s, learning ideas to guide students, to infer other things from one fact effect, is worthy of the teaching mode. it can also avoid some "can only sense, empty theory can only be sensed the emergence of the phenomenon ", and we should pay attention to the forefront of the dynamic instance s

15、election should be combined with the current development of the market economy, to let the students understand and grasp the information and new developments.( 三) 增加實(shí)地教學(xué)( three ) increase the field teaching實(shí)地教學(xué)在許多學(xué)科教育中已廣泛運(yùn)用，面對職業(yè)教育的現(xiàn)狀，要求我們培養(yǎng)的學(xué)生做到零距離就業(yè)，實(shí)地讓學(xué)生有可看可比的內(nèi)容，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題分析問題解決問題，讓學(xué)生來評價總結(jié)，讓學(xué)生積累知識，積

16、累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，同時心理上又不帶壓力的學(xué)習(xí)，更加貼近社會。通過典型實(shí)例的剖析，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觸類旁通，最直觀地接觸現(xiàn)實(shí)的栽培管理，起到事半功倍的效果。通過組織學(xué)生到各類城市綠地中參觀與調(diào)查，加強(qiáng)感性認(rèn)識。這種身臨其境的教學(xué)，具有事實(shí)勝于雄辯的說服力，是園林植物栽培課不可缺少的教學(xué)方式。以后的園林園藝工作者只有學(xué)會分析和感受實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的好壞、才能夠在不斷的積累中提升自己。組織學(xué)生到城市各類綠地和植物園參觀學(xué)習(xí)，讓學(xué)生看得見，摸得著，從認(rèn)識植物到養(yǎng)護(hù)植物形成一個實(shí)踐教學(xué)的知識鏈接。這種身臨其境的教學(xué)方法具有寓教于樂，增強(qiáng)感性認(rèn)識，縮短理論與實(shí)踐之間距離的良好效果，是較好的教學(xué)方式。the practical te

17、aching in many discipline education has been widely used, facing the present situation of occupation education, requires us to develop students achieve zero distance employment, field to let the students have to see specific content, trains the student to find the problem - analysis of the problem -

18、 solving problems, let students evaluation summary, let the students to accumulate knowledge, accumulate experience at the same time, the psychological pressure and without learning, more close to the society. through the analysis of typical examples, guide students to comprehend by analogy, the mos

19、t direct contact cultivation management reality, play a multiplier effect. through the investigation to visit and organize students to all kinds of city green space, enhance the perceptual knowledge. this kind of be personally on the scene teaching, with the facts speak louder than words. persuasive

20、, is the cultivation course indispensable landscape plant teaching methods. the gardening workers only learn to analysis and experimental results is good or bad, feel to improve myself in the unceasing accumulation. organize the students to the city all kinds of green space and botanical gardens stu

21、dy tour, so that students can see, feel, the formation of a practice teaching knowledge links from the understanding of plant to the maintenance plant. this kind of teaching method, be personally on the scene with entertaining, enhance the perceptual knowledge, good effect of shortening distance bet

22、ween theory and practice, is a better way of teaching.( 四) 重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用( four ) pay attention to the application of network technology現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的愛好應(yīng)重視。正確引導(dǎo)和利用將會起到事半功倍的效果。園林植物栽培養(yǎng)護(hù)課所涉及的知識多，綜合性強(qiáng)，一方面要加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)，通過最新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取最新的知識和信息，了解最新的發(fā)展動態(tài)。一方面是通過學(xué)校的校園網(wǎng)，這樣能促進(jìn)學(xué)生之間、師生之間的思想溝通、交流，這是很好的一種教學(xué)資源，應(yīng)該廣為利用。now the students

23、9; interest in the network should pay attention to. the correct guidance and utilization will play a multiplier effect. cultivation and maintenance class garden plants involved knowledge, comprehensive, on one hand to strengthen the network construction, access to the latest knowledge and informatio

24、n through the network, understand the latest developments. one is through the school campus network, this can promote students, mind communication between teachers and students, communication, this is a kind of teaching resource is good, should be widely available.二、充分利用教學(xué)實(shí)踐基地two, make full use of t

25、eaching practice base在理論教學(xué)和實(shí)踐教學(xué)相結(jié)合的模式中，實(shí)踐教學(xué)是其中的一個重要組成部分，是加強(qiáng)實(shí)踐教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，提高學(xué)生實(shí)踐能力，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神的關(guān)鍵，教學(xué)實(shí)踐基地是學(xué)生創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)基地，是崗前培訓(xùn)的基地，是提高實(shí)踐教學(xué)教學(xué)質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵因素之一，因此建設(shè)并完善實(shí)踐性教學(xué)體系和實(shí)踐基地十分重要。combine theory and practice teaching mode, practice teaching is an important part of them, is to strengthen the practice teaching, improve stude

26、nts' practical ability, the key to develop the spirit of innovation, practical teaching base is the base for training students' innovation ability, is a gang of training base, is one of the key factors to improve practice teaching quality, so it is very important to improve the practice teac

27、hing system and the construction of practice base and.( 一) 利用校內(nèi)實(shí)踐基地，提高學(xué)習(xí)效果充分利用學(xué)校內(nèi)的基地資源，組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行有計劃，有步驟的階段教學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)，通過現(xiàn)場教學(xué)，既增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的實(shí)踐能力，又加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對理論知識的理解和鞏固。通過具體的生產(chǎn)性項(xiàng)目的實(shí)踐，提高學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題和解決實(shí)際問題的能力，同時還能通過生產(chǎn)型的實(shí)踐活動，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，培養(yǎng)互相幫助，團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)助的精神。( a ) the practice base, improve the learning effect and make full use of schoo

28、l resources, organizes the student to carry on the plan, practice teaching step by step, through the field teaching, not only enhance the practical ability of students, and strengthen students' understanding of theoretical knowledge and consolidate. through the practice of project production of

29、concrete, improve the students' ability to discover problems, analyze problems and solve practical problems, but also through the production practice, stimulate students interest in learning, training and help each other, to help unite the spirit.( 二) 利用校外實(shí)習(xí)基地( two ) using the practice base outs

30、ide school學(xué)校外的實(shí)習(xí)基地也是最優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)資源，可以帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生到校外的實(shí)習(xí)單位，實(shí)地考察參觀學(xué)習(xí)，了解市場行情和動態(tài)，掌握最新的園林綠化養(yǎng)護(hù)信息，掌握目前園林植物栽培養(yǎng)護(hù)中的前沿技術(shù)和信息。outside the school practice base is the most outstanding teaching resources, can lead the students to off-campus internship units, site visits to learn, understand the market situation and the dynamic

31、of landscape virescence maintenance, grasp new information, grasp the current landscape plant cultivation and conservation of cutting-edge technology and information.三、實(shí)施專項(xiàng)實(shí)踐教學(xué)模塊three, the implementation of special practical teaching module現(xiàn)代教育理念強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主人、發(fā)展的主體，強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的開放性和服務(wù)意識，強(qiáng)調(diào)師生的雙向溝通、合作和交流。在教學(xué)中，有時

32、會感到園林植物栽培養(yǎng)護(hù)課理論課形散而枯燥，得不到學(xué)生的關(guān)注，教學(xué)效果自然不好。究其原因，是我們把教學(xué)當(dāng)作單純傳授知識的過程，在教學(xué)中教師活動過多，學(xué)生活動過少，剝奪了學(xué)生的主體地位，掩蓋了學(xué)生的思維過程。因此，在課程教學(xué)中，一定要以人為本，多注重實(shí)踐教學(xué)的研究和探索，要指導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己去實(shí)踐，這樣才能滿足學(xué)生掌握知識的需要，才能搞好課堂實(shí)踐教學(xué)。如講授“園林植物嫁接育苗和園林施肥時課程時，針對具體的教學(xué)內(nèi)容，教師邊講邊示范，然后讓學(xué)生自己實(shí)地操作，反復(fù)實(shí)踐。這樣學(xué)生才會感覺學(xué)得輕松，有趣，掌握知識也相對容易和牢固。the concept of modern education students a

33、re the subject of the masters of learning, development, emphasis on the education of openness and awareness of service, two-way communication, cooperation and exchanges on teachers and students. in the teaching, sometimes feel " garden plant cultivation course " theory course form loose an

34、d dull, not to the students' attention, the teaching result is not good. investigate its reason, is our teaching as a process of simply imparting knowledge, teachers in teaching activities too much, too few students activities, deprived of the student's main body status, conceal the thinking

35、 process of students. therefore, in the course of teaching, must be people-oriented, pay more attention to research and exploration of practical teaching, to guide students to practice, so as to meet the need for students to grasp the knowledge, to improve classroom teaching practice. such as teachi

36、ng " garden plant grafting seedling and garden fertilizer courses, according to the specific teaching content, teacher talking and demonstration, and then let the students of field operation, repeated practice. so that students will feel easy to learn, interesting, knowledge is relatively easy

37、and firm.通過實(shí)踐教學(xué)，既能增強(qiáng)學(xué)生適應(yīng)實(shí)際工作環(huán)境和解決問題的能力，鞏固學(xué)生專業(yè)知識的系統(tǒng)性和完整性，還能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生吃苦能耐勞和團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作的精神，為以后就業(yè)步入社會奠定扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。將試驗(yàn)、實(shí)習(xí)與實(shí)際管理結(jié)合起來。校園內(nèi)的實(shí)踐基地就是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的好場景，學(xué)生在校期間要參與校園綠化管理工作，根據(jù)管理的效果來計算平時成績和期末考試成績，這樣一來校園內(nèi)植物的情況學(xué)生可以隨時發(fā)現(xiàn)，結(jié)合自己的知識來做出相應(yīng)的判斷，并拿出解決的初步方案。還可以結(jié)合開展第二興趣課堂，拓展學(xué)生思維 提高應(yīng)用知識的能力。比如: 成立園林植物嫁接小組，扦插小組，施肥小組，灌溉小組等。through the practice o

38、f teaching, not only can enhance the ability of students to adapt to the actual work environment and problem solving, consolidate the systematicness and integrity of the students knowledge, but also students endure hardship can bear and the spirit of unity and cooperation, for the future employment

39、into the community to lay a solid foundation. the test, combined with the actual practice of management. practice base on campus is the student learning good scene, during the period of school students to participate in the campus landscape management work, according to management results to calcula

40、te grades and final exam, so the campus plant situation of students can be found at any time, to make the corresponding judgment according to their own knowledge, and come up with a preliminary solution. can also be combined to carry out the second interesting class, developing the students' thi

41、nking to improve the ability of knowledge application. for example: the establishment of garden plant grafting group, cutting irrigation fertilization group, team, team.在教學(xué)中注重教與學(xué)的本質(zhì)問題，注重學(xué)習(xí)過程中學(xué)習(xí)與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的關(guān)系，勇于創(chuàng)新，通過教師教學(xué)的大膽創(chuàng)新改革和不斷探索，讓學(xué)生在掌握理論知識與實(shí)踐知識的同時學(xué)會發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題和解決問題的思想和方法，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的實(shí)踐能力，從而真正實(shí)現(xiàn)培養(yǎng)實(shí)用型人才的教育目標(biāo)。the essence of teaching and learning problems in teaching, innovation, and combining with the practice of learning to the learning process, the teacher's teaching reform and continuous exploration, bold innovation, to make stude