1、精品資料歡迎下載現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have + 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞have 有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞后面加上not、疑問(wèn)式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。以study為例，其否定式、疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式如下：否定式疑問(wèn)式I have not (haven t) studied.Have I studied?You have not (haven t) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasn t) studied.Has he studied?否定疑問(wèn)式簡(jiǎn)單回答（

2、肯定 /否定）Have I not (Haven t I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you haven t.Have you not (Haven t you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I haven t.Has he not (Hasn t he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasn t.二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。My daughter has just gone out.我女兒剛出去。I m sure we

3、ve met before我肯.定我們以前見過(guò)面。She has arrived. 她到了。2、表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for , sinceyt 等,。如：I haven t heard from her these days這.些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信。We haven t seen you recently.最近我們沒(méi)有見到你。They have been away for two years.他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been with us since Mond

4、ay. for+ 時(shí)段 since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從 以來(lái)） since+時(shí)段 +ago since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)） It is+ 時(shí)段 +since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)）Mary has been ill for three days.精品資料歡迎下載I have lived here since 1998.注意：since 和 for 的區(qū)別since 后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993， last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久 ”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如

5、arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭?dòng)作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說(shuō)：He has come here for 2 weeks.×The old man has died for 4 months.×They have left only for 5 minutes.×4、 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別Have/Has gone(to) : 去了 (現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，可能在路上和已經(jīng)到)Whe

6、re is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) : 去過(guò)（已不在去過(guò)的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago,just now, when I came in ，但可

7、以和 already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never 等連用。不能與 when 連用。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用例如：She has already come.她已經(jīng)來(lái)了。I haven t read it yet我.還沒(méi)讀過(guò)這個(gè)。I have met him before.我從前曾見過(guò)他。Ma Hong has always been a good student.馬紅一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。I have often seen him in the

8、street.我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。They have never been to Yan他們an從.未去過(guò)延安。I haven't seen him lately.我近來(lái)沒(méi)看到他。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義 :精品資料歡迎下載* 以 already, just 和 yet 為標(biāo)志He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。He hasn't come back yet.他還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。* 以 eve

9、r 和 never 為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒(méi)有到過(guò)北京。* 以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)去過(guò)美國(guó)三次了。* 以 so far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far. 到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試。2.過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作

10、一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù) ”的特性和 “時(shí)間 ”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 for+ 時(shí)段 since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過(guò)去 從句）為標(biāo)志四、 瞬間動(dòng)詞buy, die, join, come ， go ,leave, join不能直接與for since連用。要改變動(dòng)詞buy-have borrow -keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-be ingo out-be out leave -be awaybegin-be onfinish-be overopen-be openclose -be closeddie-be

11、dead1、 have 代替 buyMy brother has had( 不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept( 不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before

12、yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put on精品資料歡迎下載6、用 “ be形容詞 ”代終止性動(dòng)詞be married 代 marrybe ill 代 fall (get) illbe dead 代 diebe asleep 代 fall (get) asleepbe awake 代 wake/wake up be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave be open 代 open be closed 代 close/shutbe missing(gone,lost) 代 lose7、用 “ be副詞 ”代終止性動(dòng)詞be on 代 start begin“ be u

13、p”代 get up“ beback(to) 代”return to, come back to, go back to“ be here (there)代 come(arrive,” reach, get) here 或 go (arrive, reach, get) there8、用 “ be介詞短語(yǔ) ”代終止性動(dòng)詞1. “ be in/at地+點(diǎn) ”代替 go to /come to2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army3. “ be in/at地+點(diǎn) ”代替 move to常用瞬間動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表：1. have arrived at/in sw. g

14、ot to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相應(yīng)的介詞2. have come/gone back/returned havekbeen bac3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been； up7. have died have been ；dead8. have left sw. have been away

15、 from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleepve been asleepha；10. have finished/ended/completed have；been over11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have； done sth.13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have lost haven t had16. have put on have worn精品資料歡迎下載17. have caught /get a c