1、主動形式被動形式(not) to have made (not) to have been made一般式 (not) to make(not) to be made完成式 進行式 (not) to be making完成進行式(not) to have been making一作定語置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。表示將來的動作只有動賓關系，則需用被動語態與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，同時與句中其它詞之間 The next train to arrive is from Washington. Have you anything to be taken to your sister? Do you

2、have anything to say on the question?又有邏輯上的主謂關系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍用主動語態 Would you please give me some paper to write on?與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，如是不及物動詞,則需加介詞不定式作定語時 =定語從句，例 to arrive=that will arrive。二、作表語不定式作表語表示 具體動作或將來動作；動名詞作表語表示 抽象的一般行為。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.當主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是

3、結果（例） My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.當主語是 aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞（例）時，或以 what 引導的名詞性分句（例），不定式說明主語的內容。 Our work is serving the people. What he likes is taking a walk after supper.句動名詞作表語，與主

4、語部分可以轉換，如Serving thepeople is out work, The story told by is interesting.而句中是現在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質、狀態,1) 動詞+賓語+不定式(to do)Advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare driveenable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instructinvite judge know lik

5、e order permit persuade remind report request require selectsend state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warnFather will not allow us to play on the street.父親不讓我們在街上玩耍I found him lying on the ground.用分詞做賓補(現在分詞表達主動，也表達正在進行，過去分詞表達被動)=1 found it important to learn.先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to do=I

6、 found that to learn English is important.帶一個從句此類動詞還有get , have2）to + be 的不定式結構，作賓補的動詞。Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare（聲稱）,discover, fancy（ 設想）,feelfind, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see（理解）,show, suppose, take（以為）,understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our

7、 class.我們認為湯姆是班上最好的學生之一。3）to be + 形容詞Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean The book is believed to be uninteresting.人們認為這本書沒什么意思。4）there be+ 不定式believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, un

8、drstandWe didnt expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那么多人在哪里。5）as 短語做補語，女口 regard, think believe, take, consider.Mary took him as her father .瑪麗把他當作自己的父親。四：作狀語1）目的狀語To- only to （僅僅為了）， in order to, so as to,so（such）as to （如此以便）He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。2）作結果狀語，

9、表事先沒有預料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.3）表原因rm glad to see you.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to siton當動詞與介詞連用時，常位于”形容詞+ 動詞不定式”結構的末尾。五、作主語動詞不定式作主語時，句子的謂語動詞常用單數，其位置有以下兩種：（1）把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置后3）

10、當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用 It isto的句型（錯）It is to believe to see.（ 對）To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。六、作賓語被動1）動詞 + 不定式 Want to do be warned not to do2) 動詞+不定式=動詞+賓語+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want,wish I want to speak to Tom.我想和湯姆談話。I want y

11、ou to speak to Tom.我想讓你和湯姆談話。3) 動詞+疑問詞+ to (疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數)decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see,wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that.請演示給我們如何去做。The question is how to put it into practice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。4) 有些動詞只能跟不定式作賓語=接that引導的從句。I

12、 decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.5) 當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補語之后，即：主語+動詞+ it +補語+ to do句式。He feels it his duty to help the poor.語態在There be結構中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動。如：There are still many thingsto take care of ( to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不

13、同，如：These is nothing to do now.( Wehave nothing to do now.) Thereis nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)時態1) 現在時：一般現在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生，有時發生在謂語動詞的 動作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that r II see you again.我希望再見至 M爾。2) 完成時：表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。.He seems to ha

14、ve caught a cold.3) 進行時：表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成進行時：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.疑問詞+不定式結構疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。如： When to leave for London(When we shall leave ) has not been decide

15、d yet. Mr. Smith did nt know whether to leave or stay there. I asked Professor Xuhow to learn English well. (how I could learn ) The question was where to get the medicine needed.以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分，均可轉換為相應的從句形式。如： When we shall leave、how Icould learn 經常在這種結構中使用的動詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,findo

16、ut,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。+do1) 情態動詞(除ought夕卜，ought to):2) 使役動詞 let, have, make :3) 感官動詞(在被動語態中則to不能省掉)I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.4) would rather , had better :5) Why/ why not6) help 可帶 to，也可不帶 to, help sb (to) do sth:7) but和except : but前是to do時，后面出現的動詞用doHe wants to do nothing but go out.比較： He wants to do